翻譯英語(yǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)上發(fā)展家勞動(dòng)力被剝削資源取用而產(chǎn)品卻不能夠進(jìn)人發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)內(nèi)

的沖擊；?社會(huì)上，外國(guó)的產(chǎn)品流人一個(gè)國(guó)家，會(huì)改變?nèi)藗兊纳盍?xí)慣和習(xí)慣；年輕人比較喜歡外同產(chǎn)品，Topic1:Increasingtravelsbetweencountriesenablepeopletolearndifferentculturesortoincreasetensionbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcountries?國(guó)的合作密切相關(guān)的（Thelengthofstaydependsonthecooperationofthehostsociety.);很多當(dāng)?shù)厝艘虼吮憩F(xiàn)得非常好客和友好，這有助于文化的交流（Manylocalpeopleareveryfriendlyandhospitable,whichpromotethecultural對(duì)其他的文化和人民更為了解（abetterunderstandingofotherculturesandotherpeoples),改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)其他民族和（alterone'sattitudestowardsanotherpeopleorculture);（embracedifferentvaluesandcultures),可以和平共處（createmotivationtocoexistpeacefully),并促進(jìn)對(duì)"多元文化的理解(promotemulti-culturalunderstanding)；促進(jìn)文化的融合（promoteintegration),消除文化（removeculturalbarriers),外來(lái)人口的增加導(dǎo)致當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)俗會(huì)激怒當(dāng)?shù)厝耍╞reachoflocalcustomscanirritatethe不同文化的人看待同一事物總有不同的角度（harbourdifferentperceptions)并給予不同的解釋(differentunanticipatedresponses);?外國(guó)游客增多會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境造成壓力，甚至破壞環(huán)境，而增多可能導(dǎo)致工作機(jī)會(huì)減少，致使競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈，這些都有可能引起當(dāng)?shù)厝说模╟auseresentmentinlocalcommunities).范范Globalizationisacatch-alltermthatreferstoanyactivitythatinvolvesmorethanonecountry,forexample,travelfromonecountrytoanother.Thedramaticincreaseintransnationaltravelinrecentyearshassparkedcontroversyoverthepotentialimpactsofthistrendonindividualcountriesfespeciallythosenewmemberstatesofglobalization.Somepeopleareconcernedthattheupsurgeinnewarrivalswillpromptlocalhostilityagainstvisitorsinsteadofpromotingtheirunderstandingonmutualculturalbackground.Thisnotionshouldberejectedasonecanseemanyfactsinfavorofthisdevelopmentbetweencountries.Thefirstreasonwhyinternationaltravelswouldneverbringisrootedinthefactthatbothvisitorsandlocalsareeconomicallymotivated.Internationaltravelopensupopportunitiesforbusinessdevelopmentthroughouttheworld.Entrepreneursareinterestednotonlyinthedomesticmarketbutalsointheoverseamarket.Foreignersshouldlearnthecultureofacountrybeforewinningoverthelocalpeople.Inturn,localsshouldshowtheirhospitalitytovisitorsinexchangefortheirtrust.Theyshareaviewthatacceptanceofeachother'sculturalbackgroundisanecessaryconditionforcooperation.Understandingaculturehasotherimplications.Differencesinsocialbackground,culturalvaluesandreligiousbeliefmightmakethediscrepancyofforeignersandlocalinhabitantsonsomeissuesindelible;however,thehigherinteraction,thehigherlevelofcommunicationandunderstanding.Arabians,forexample,usedtoconsiderwesternersastheirfoes.Nowtheyhaveconcreterelationswiththeirwesternalliesinmanyfields.Intheinitialstage,theirdivergenceseemedinherentbutovertime,withbettermutualunderstanding,theytakethesamepositiononmanyUndeniably,itislikelythatinsomeresorts,foreignvisitorsrepelthelocalcommunitywiththeirscantregardforthelocalenvironmentandconventionswhentheyfirstarrive.However,itshouldbenotedthatmostoffenseisaccidental,ratherthanintentional.Instead,visitorsdisobeyrulesandconventionssimplybecausetheyhavenoknowledgeofthem.Thissituationisexpectedtobeimprovedwiththepassingoftimewhenvisitorsfromdifferentcountriesincreasetheirknowledgeofalocalculture.Accordingtotheaboveysis,wecanobservethattheincreaseintheinternationaltravelshouldnotbetakenasthecauseofany thatarisesbetweentwocountries.Alternatively,oneshouldrecognizeitsroleinimprovingmutualunderstandingbetweentwocountries.近近義詞1.catch-all=all-embracing:包羅甚廣的；包括一切 2.hostility=enmity=resentment:敵意,怨'恨,憤3.rootedin=derivedfrom=basedon:基 4.entrepreneur=tycoon=mogul=industrialist:企業(yè)家實(shí)業(yè)5.discrepancy=disagreement=difference=divergence:，6.foe=enemy=rival:敵人，竟?fàn)帉?duì) 7.concrete=tangible=solid:具體的，實(shí)際overtime=induecourse=soonerorlater:resort:勝地；touristresort:旅游勝地；holidayresort：度假勝地；beachresort:海邊度假勝地；scenicspot:景觀；placeofinterest: Topic2:Wheninternationalmedia(includingmovies,fashionshows,advertisementsandotherTVprograms)conveythesamemessagestotheglobalaudience,peoplearguethattheexpansionofinternationalmediahasnegativeimpactsonculturaldiversity.Whatisyouropinion?國(guó)際（globalmedia)—般掌握在少數(shù)幾個(gè)有實(shí)力的機(jī)構(gòu)手中（inthehandsofafew,large,powerfulorganizations)；有了的宣傳(propaganda)后,西方文化成了主流(domineeringforce),大規(guī)模的、有的(massseductiveadvertising)喚起了地區(qū)人們對(duì)物質(zhì)新的向往（createfreshdesires),經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系增強(qiáng)（strongeconomicties),西方產(chǎn)品取代了本地產(chǎn)品，使人們更加向往西方的文化；文化開(kāi)始融合在一起(mingle),人們被新的價(jià)值觀所圍繞(bombardedwithnewvalues)和自豪感（confidenceandpride),接受自己的文化傳統(tǒng)（rejectionoftheirculturalheritage)轉(zhuǎn)而接受西方的文化習(xí)慣（adoptionofWesternculturalpractices);西方削弱了民族的特征(ethnicidentity)和社會(huì)的凝聚力（socialcohesion);因?yàn)閾?dān)心失去觀眾(alossofviewers),當(dāng)?shù)氐囊查_(kāi)始西方的電視（evisionshows),國(guó)際的普遍會(huì)降低世界文化的品質(zhì)和多樣性（degradethequalityanddiversityofworldculture);文化被商業(yè)（commercialized),（culturalgoods),（commoditiesinthemarketplace)。因此，即便一些文化在世界其他地方，它原來(lái)的性質(zhì)（authenticity)已經(jīng)喪失。國(guó)家之間的頻繁交往會(huì)促進(jìn)文化之間的交流。因此，相互了解和相互認(rèn)同的可能性(likelihoodofmutualunderstandingandmutualacceptance)就會(huì)增加，這是順應(yīng)全球化的趨勢(shì)；未必一定放棄傳統(tǒng)觀念（notnecessarilyleadtotheabolitionoftraditionalvalues),事實(shí)上可以起到宣傳和穩(wěn)主流一般都會(huì)反應(yīng)文化多元（Thedominantmediareflectculturaldiversity.);—些外國(guó)其實(shí)促進(jìn)了文化多元性(Mostforeignprogrammingispromotingculturaldiversity.),（adapttolocalconditions)，注意到了當(dāng)?shù)匚幕拿舾行裕╝wareofculturalsensitivity).自我調(diào)節(jié)來(lái)適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)(exerciseself-censorshiptosuitthemarket:)范范Asinternationalmediacompaniesexpandacrosstheworld,thegrowingpopularityanduniformityofsomemediaprograms(suchasTVshows,movies,fashionshows)iscausingworldwideconcern.Manypeoplehavestrongviewstowardthistrend.Inmyopinion,internationalmediaiscloselylinkedtoculturalglobalizationandculturalhomogeneity.ThedominanceofinternationalmediaisasignofWesternculturalimperialismandhasthepotentialtothwartculturaldiversity.Itisnotasecretthatinternationalmediaisownedandoperatedbyahandfulofgiantcorporations,suchasTimeWarner.Theycontrollargesectorsofthemediamarketandplacenationalmediacompaniesatrisk.Thecontractioninthenumberofmediaownerswillcauseaproportionalreduction,inthevarietyofprogramsbroadcasted.Forexample,painting,musicandmoviesaccessibleinthemediahaveasmallnumberofgenres,imposingrestraintsonone'sknowledgeofartworksofdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Inadditiontoseizingcontroloverthosecreativeindustries,globalentertainmentcompaniesaffectculturaldiversitybyreshatheperceptions,beliefsandnormsofordinarycitizensindifferentcountries.MostoftheculturalvaluesandidealspromotedbytheleadingmainstreammediaareofAmericanorigin.Americanculturevaluesindividuality,izationofone'sbenefitsandmaterialwealth,ratherthancommunallifeandfamilysolidarity,thevaluesandnormspreviouslytreasuredin"manyAsiancountries.Unfortunay,manyAsianpeoplenowimitateAmericanpeople,causingthealterationoftheirperceptionsoffamily.ThisradicalchangecanbeattributedtothosemoviesandTVprogramsthatportraythesuccessofAmericanindividualsorcorporations.Thelossofmediadiversityisalsoresponsibleforpeople'snarrowsenseofwaysoflife.TherulingclassofmanycountriesspeaksEnglish,favorsWesternfood,wearsWestern-stylejacketsandevenprefersWesternweddings.YoungpeoplearecaptivatedbyAmericanbasketballandsomeevendaubingthenamesofNBAstarsontheirschoolsweatsuits.Allthesetransformationsinlifearetheresultoftheaudience'sexposuretoHollywoodmovies,TVshowsandsportsreports.Thelossofmediadiversitywillleadtodegradationofcultureandtoaminimizationofculturaldiversity.Itisaworryingtrend,aspeopleneedculturaldiversitytopreserveandpassontheirvaluableheritagetofuturegenerations,includinglifestyle.Asshownabove,internationalmedia,controlledbyahandfuloftransnationalmediacorporations,isexportingWesterncultureworldwideandputtingmanyindigenousculturesattheriskofextinction.Theuniformityofmediaprogramshasledtothatofartworks,normsandwaysoflifewhereverinternationalmediagoes.近近義詞1.dominance=domination=power:，力 2.sign=symbol=mark=signal=indication：標(biāo)志，象3.thwart=prevent=spoil=ruin:，破4.ahandfulof=asmallnumberof:少數(shù) 5.contraction-reduction：減6.proportional=relative：相對(duì)的，成比例 7.perception=view=opinion:看8.ideal=value=belief=principle:觀點(diǎn)，觀念；標(biāo) 9.solidarity=unity=harmony=cohesion:團(tuán)becaptivatedby=beobsessedwith=bepassionateabout=beaddictedto=bekeenon=beenthusiasticabout:被…所吸passon=give=impart=convey:Topic3:Thereisadisagreementontheimpactofincreasedbusinessandculturecontactbetweencountriesonacountry'sidentity.Whatisyouropinion?（notstatic,butdynamic)(socialenvironment)(People'seatinghabitshavebeenchangedastheresultoflearnedbehaviour.)；快餐文化源自，有些人將此作為的象征(symbolsofwealth),從而喜歡快餐；另外，本地的飲食文化會(huì)改變，以適應(yīng)外國(guó)人的口味（suitthetastesofvisitors);記自身的特點(diǎn)（senseofidentity)，社會(huì)的團(tuán)結(jié)也有所損害（anerosionofsocialsolidarity);服裝、飲食、等等都被兩化了（westernized),比如說(shuō)，西裝現(xiàn)在是流行的服裝(thesuitisthemostpopularoutfitformen)；欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在技術(shù)革新中起到的作用甚微(playasmallroleinthetechnologicalrevolution),所以需要""自己國(guó)家的主權(quán)或者利益來(lái)獲得國(guó)際的幫助（concedesovereigntyandintereststoothercountriesforaid)；貧富差距加大(wideninggapbetweentherichestandpoorestpartsoftheworld)；接受西方文化的人們成為一個(gè)國(guó)家新的（newrulingclass);人們摒棄傳統(tǒng)的觀念(renouncetraditionally-heldbeliefs),覺(jué)得傳統(tǒng)觀念是過(guò)時(shí)的和低人一等的（outdatedandinferior);主流文化會(huì)取代老式的和各種各樣的文化（Adominantculturetakesoverdiversecultures.),人們不再尊重傳統(tǒng)文化（loserespectoldercultures),而傳統(tǒng)觀念最終成為歷史{consignedtohistory)。外來(lái)文化讓人們自己文化的特點(diǎn)，從而更加注意維持這種文化；?一種特殊文化會(huì)引起世界的關(guān)注，范范Oneofthemostconspicuoustrendsinthe21stcenturyisacloserconnectionbetweencountries,inbotheconomicandculturalaspects.Thereisawidespreadworrythatthiswillleadtothegradualdemiseofcountries’identities.Thisissueshouldbeviewedandyzedfrommultiples.Whenacountrytendstodevelopacloserrelationshipwiththerestoftheworld,itdoesnotnecessarilygiveupitsculture.Cultureisnotadisgracetobutanassetofacountry.Anindigenousculturecandistinguishonecountryfromothers,attractingforeignvisitorsandyieldinghigh e.Asmosttouriststravelabroadforlearningdifferentculturesandsamplingdifferentwaysoflife,suchasBeijingoperainChina,JapaneseteacultureandThaitemples,manycountrieshaverespondedwithprotectingandpreservingtheirculturalidentities,inanefforttokeepthemselvesinthelistofthemostpopulardestinations.Increasedtourisminstillsfreshlifeforceintothesecountries,aidingtheconservationoftheirfeatures.Whiletourismprovidesadrivingforceforculturalconversation,somecomponentsofaculture,suchastraditions^customsortaboosmightdieoutovertime.Itseemsthatinsomecountries,thelocalshave emoreaccustomedtoexoticcultures.Itreflectsthecombinedeffectsoftheinvasionofforeigncultures,eitherthroughmediaorthroughdirectbusinessinteraction.Forexample,twodecadesago,sexwasataboosubjectinChinaandmostChinesepeoplefeltembarrassedtotalkopenlyaboutit.OvertimetheWesternculturehaspermeatedintotheChineselifestyle,andtheChinesepeoplehavebrokenmanyoftheirtime-honouredtraditions.Itoccursintherestoftheworldaswell.Asoutlinedabove,increasedinteractionbetweencountriesinthesofbusinessandculturecaneitherstrengthenorunderminetheidentitiesofcountriesinvolved,Todatethereisnodefiniteanswertothisquestion.近近義詞connection=linkage=relation=relationship:關(guān)系，聯(lián) 3.demise=disappearance=vanishing=fading: 5.6.lifeforce=soul=essence：生命 7.conservation=protection=preservation:保存，保exotic=bizarre=outlandish=fromafar=mysteriouslyunusual:permeate=seepinto=pervade=leakinto:滲 11.time-honoured=age-old=long-established：歷史悠久12. Topic4:Somepeoplebelievethatculturewillberuinedifitisusedtoearntourismrevenue,butothersconsiderthattourismistheonlywayofprotectingaculture.Discussbothsidesandgiveyourown旅游業(yè)有益文化保護(hù)（culturalpreservation)除了自然景觀（landscape)之外，文化和歷史是吸引旅游者去一個(gè)國(guó)家或者一個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)(tourismsite)觀光的最主要原因（motivator);旅游業(yè)和文化遺產(chǎn)相結(jié)合（integratetourismandculturalheritage)為文化保護(hù)提供了經(jīng)濟(jì)支持（economicincentives)；在文化領(lǐng)域提供一些旅游選擇(introducethetourismoptionsavailablewiththeculturalsectors)景點(diǎn)、活動(dòng)禾卩奠食等（includingmuseums,historicalsites,eventsandcuisine),游客會(huì)深人了解當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)和習(xí)俗（getaninsightintolocalcustomsandtraditions),（experiencelocaltraditions,artsandheritage),(respectthehostcommunityanditsenvironment),促進(jìn)不同國(guó)家之間關(guān)于自然和文化資源保護(hù)的交流與(thedialogueoverconservationofnaturalandculturalresources)0一culturaldestruction（preservefood,fashion,festivalsandsoforth)（superficialelementsofaculture),；|各文化定格成表演者（freezecultureasperformers),導(dǎo)致了文化、、傳統(tǒng)儀式、物質(zhì)文化和語(yǔ)言的損失（thelossofculture,religion,rituals,materialcultureandlanguage)；將文化商業(yè)化(commercialisetheculture),破壞了文化神圣和獨(dú)特的本質(zhì)(erodethesacredanduniquenature)；雖然很多活動(dòng)是活（entertain,ratherthaneducatetourists),但有些是對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝说囊环N羞辱(humiliatethelocalpeople)；、涂鴉、破壞和噪音不斷增加（increasinglittergraffiti,vandalismandnoise)人建筑物神殿神圣的土（enterbuildings,shrinesorsacredlandswithoutpermission).這都與當(dāng)?shù)匚幕啵且环N文化（aninsulttothelocalculture)范范Thereislittleroomfordoubtthattourismisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworld.However,itsimpactoncultureremainsasourceofconstantdebate.Thisessaywillelaborateonbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsoftourismfromacultural.Providingeconomicincentivesforculturalpreservationisunarguablyoneofthemaincontributionsoftourism.Tomanytourists,cultureandhistoryarewhattheyfirstconsiderwhenchoosingadestination.Theirmindsethasbeenrecognisedbymanytourismsitesandmoneyhasbeensubsequentlydirectedtowardculturalprotection,includingthemaintenanceofkeyhistoricalsites.Tourismisthereforeoneoftheprimaryforcescontributingtothepreservationofaculture.Inadditiontoraisingfinancing,tourismcanmakeanindigenouscultureknowntotheworldandrallysupportworldwidetoprotectit.Whenahistoricsiteorasitethatshowsacountry'sculturalheritageismadeaccessibletothepublic,visitorsfromallovertheworldwillsoonflockthere.Theywillsharetheirexperienceinthelocalculturewiththeirfriendsandfamiliesoncetheyreturnhome,assistingthissitetogaininternationalfame.Bothfinancialandtechnologicalsupportwillfloodinfortheconservationofnaturalandculturalresources.Onthenegativeside,tourismdevelopssometimesattheexpenseofpartofculture.Food,festivals,costumesandotherstimulatingelementsofaculturearehighlightedtoentertaintourists,constitutinganinsulttothelocalsandcausingdamagetotheuniquenatureofaculture.Moreover,culturalcommercializationhasmadethesacredelementsofaculturecommonplaceandtouristsareencouragedtoattachlittleimportancetoauniquetradition,whichcannotbefoundInthelightofthesefacts,onecanconcludethattourismisneitheraboonnorabanetoculturalpreservation.Whileitsendeavourloprotectanindigenouscultureshouldberecognized,ithasputtheintegrityofacultureatrisk.近近義詞unarguably=unquestionably=indisputably=undeniably: 3.maintenance=preservation=upholding=protection:保護(hù)，保4.indigenous=original=aboriginal5.fame=reputation=recognition=eminence:6.attheexpenseof=atthecostof:以犧牲…為前 7.entertain=amuse=keepsomebodyamused:使愉8. 9.commonplace=ordinary:平凡的10inthelightof=inviewof=considering=takingintoaccount: 12.integrity=entirety=unity:完整13putatrisk=endanger=jeopardise:危及，使…投投國(guó)防（defense):保護(hù)一個(gè)國(guó)家免受或者其他（Protectacountryagainstattackorother保證法律和公共秩序的實(shí)施（enforcementoflawandpublicorder)以及的運(yùn)作（operationof社會(huì)保障（socialsecurity)和醫(yī)療（healthcare福利(welfare):為那些不能夠自給自足的人（peoplewhoareunabletosupportthemselvesalone)提供經(jīng)濟(jì)(financialassistance（retirementanddisabilitybenefits)（unemploymentbenefits)等；在這一方面是重要的，可以減輕社會(huì)壓力（releasethepressureofsociety),并最終幫助這些人獲得生存能力（gaintheabilitytosurvive)；公共(publictransportation)和公共服務(wù)(publicservices)。的主要來(lái)自于(taxes), borrowing)或者國(guó)際3和投資相關(guān)的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)主要集中在關(guān)鍵行業(yè)（essentialsectors)和非緊要行業(yè)包括教育和醫(yī)療而后者所帶來(lái)的好處是間接（indirectbenefits),可以給人們帶來(lái)情感上的快樂(lè)(emotionalTopic5:Millionsofdollarsarespentonspaceresearcheveryyear.SomepeoplearguethatthemoneyshouldbespentonimprovinglivingstandardsonEarth.Doyouagreeordisagree?地球上的資源是有限的，遲早會(huì)被消耗完（finiteandexhaustible),(openenergyandmaterialresourcesofspaceforhumanbenefit)；促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)±曾長(zhǎng)(supporteconomicgrowth),(anincreaseinbusinessactivity);（causetheusablespacetoshrink)，因此太空探索有利于為人類(lèi)找到一個(gè)新的居住地（findasanctuary)；報(bào)（weatherforecasting).,環(huán)境保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展（sustainabledevelopment)等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)；提高一些產(chǎn)業(yè)的科學(xué)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力（technologicalcompetitiveness),特別在國(guó)際商業(yè)領(lǐng)域（ininternationalbusiness；),創(chuàng)造人力資源和高級(jí)別的專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)（humancapitalandhigh-levelexpertise);可以增加年輕人對(duì)自然科學(xué)的(theinterestofyoungpeopleinnaturalsciences)需要長(zhǎng)期的努力和大量（long-termcommitmentsandfunding),大部分國(guó)家支付不起(unaffordabletomostcountries)，這些應(yīng)該用于解決些更實(shí)際的問(wèn)題，比如饑荒(famine)等5很多項(xiàng)目收效甚微（makelittleprogress),甚至被證明是徒勞無(wú)益的（taxingandunrewarding范范Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmoreandmorecountriesinvolvedandinterestedinlong-termspaceprojects.Becauseoftheenormousresearchexpendituresincurred,thevalueofspaceprojectshasbeendisputed.Somepeoplesuggestthaternmentfundingshouldbedivertedtowardimprovingthelivingstandardofordinarypeople.Inevaluatingthemeritsofspaceambition,oneshouldadoptabroader.Theinvestmentinspaceresearchcanbepaidoffsomedayinthefuture.Thefirstreasontosupportitisthatourplanetisnowfacinganunprecedentedresourceproblem,whichcanbetackledonlybydiscoveringandminingnewresourcesonotherplanets.TheoveruseorscarcityofsomeresourcesontheEarthisasevereproblem.Raremetals,suchasgoldorsilver,willeventuallybedepleted,asindustrialproductionexpands.Thesemetalsandothernaturalresources,althoughrareonEarth,mightaboundonotherplanets.Inthatcase,spaceresearchisapromisingMeanwhile,theworld'spopulationisnowgrowingtoastagewheretherearetoomanypeoplefortheplanettosupport,highlightingtheneedtoseeklandsuitableforpeople'sresettlementofftheplanet.Evenifnewurbandevelopmentsareableto modatetheincreasingpopulation,waterandelectricitysupply,wastetreatment,sewagedisposalandsanitationwill eunmanageableforthecapacityofourplanet.Astherearecountlessplanetsorbitingstarsthroughouttheuniverse,onecanbeconfidentthatatleastoneofthemissuitableforoursecondhomeplanetMars,forexample,bearingacloseresemblancetotheEarth,isconsideredapotentialbackup.Inadditiontosearchingforashelterforfuturegenerations,spaceprogrammescontributeconsiderablytothewell-beingoftheEarthinsomeotheraspects.Forexample,bymonitoringtheozonehole,globalwarming,thelossofrainforestsandotherenvironmentalthreatstohumansurvival,remotesensingsaliteshelppeopletracetherecoveryfromtheworstenvironmentalthreatsandtherebyimprovethequalityoflife.Meanwhile,spaceresearchprovidesanewplatformonwhichscientistscancarryoutexperimentsandmakenewdiscoveriesinavarietyoffields,suchasagriculture.Assuggestedabove,inlocatingnewresources,positioningnewsettlements,addressingenvironmentalconcernsandfacilitatingscientificdiscovery,spaceresearchwillprovetobenotonlyworthwhile,butalsocrucialtothesurvivalandsustainabilityofhumancivilization.近近義詞1.value=merit=worthiness=worth:價(jià) 2.divert=redirect=reroute=switch:蜂令向，轉(zhuǎn)用abound=beplentiful=thrive=flourish=:proliferate=growingreatnumbers: 7.sewage=sullage=wastewater:廢水，排泄 8.unmanageable=uncontrollable=untruly;不可控制9.backup=candidate=replacement:替代品，后 10.recovery=healing=recuperation:恢Topic6:SpacetraveltotheMoonisoftencitedasonegiantleapformankind.Yetsomepeoplearguethatthisachievementmadelittledifferencetoourdailylives.Whatisyouropinion?登月的重要性體現(xiàn)在面，科學(xué)（science)、開(kāi)發(fā)思維（inspiration}和能源（resources科學(xué)：提供一個(gè)平臺(tái)去觀察宇宙(observetheuniverse)如何結(jié)合人和機(jī)器探索行星表面(combineeffortsofbothhumansandmachinesinexploringaplanetarysurface)；開(kāi)發(fā)思維激發(fā)人們的想像（triggerimagination),敢于面對(duì)新領(lǐng)域的未知因素和(confrontingunknownsandchallengesonnewfrontiers)；用于探索月球的科技可以轉(zhuǎn)為民用(convertedforciviluse)，促進(jìn)科技發(fā)展；(WaterexistsinthedarkandcoldregionsnearthepolesoftheMoon.),可以開(kāi)發(fā)能源。?消耗資源和時(shí)間（consumeresourcesandtaketime)，而沒(méi)太大的效果（benefitsare?分散和公眾在一些更重要事情上的注意力（distractthe ernmentandthepublicfromsomemoresignificant范范Theideaoftravellingthroughspace,evenlivingandworkingonotherplanets,hasfascinatedpeopleforcenturies.Despitenumeroussetbacksanddauntingexpenditures,travellingintheouterspacehasneverfailedtoattractpeople'sattentionandprovokecontroversy.SixtyyearsafterthefirstMoonlanding,peoplequestionwhetherthefeat,thoughtofasagiantleapformankind,hassubstantiallybenefitedpeople'slives.Inmyopinion,landingontheMoonhasenormousrelevanceforthequalityoflife,albeitnotalwaysexplicit.ThefirstimplicationofMoonlandingisreflectedinthelikelihoodoftravellingonotherplanets.Moon,astheobjectintheouterspaceclosettotheEarth,canserveasalaunchsiteforthejourneystootherplanets.Havingnoatmosphere,theMoonisapermanentbaseforpeopletoobservetheuniverseeasilyandprovidethemwithsufficientevidencetheyrequirefordecisionmakingonagreatmanysignificantissues,whicharelikelytohavedirectimpactonthem.Forexample,onecanlearnmoreaboutthetreatofpotentiallyhazardousobjectsthatareLikelytohittheEarthanddestroyourcivilization.AnotherremarkablebreakthroughmadebytheMoonlandingisthatitreignitespeople'senthusiasminthenaturalsciences.Whentoday'syouths eincreasinglyinterestedinsuchsubjectsascommerce,financeandbusiness,spaceexplorationsuccessfullyattractsandretainstalentsinspace-relatedtechnologies.Theseyoungmindsareconvincedthattravellingtheunknownoftheuniverseisfeasible，despitemanychallenges.Theyareinspiredtothinkforthefuture,insteadofbeingpreoccupiedwithcontemporaryissuesonly.ItshouldalsobenotedthattheMoonhaswater,thebasicresourceforpeople'ssurvival,anditaboundsinsolarenergy,acleanandreadilyobtainableresource.Itisalsobelievedthatmineralsareplentifultheretobeexploited.Someday,ifpeopleareforcedtomoveofftheEarth,theMoonmightbethebestshelter.Althoughpeoplehavenotyetfullyexploredthispossibilityatthisstage,preliminaryinvestigationisimperative.Basedontheabove-mentionedfacts,onecanconcludethattheMoonlandinggreatlyimpactsondistantfuture,althoughitseffectisnotapparentforthetimebeing.TheMoonistheeventualgatewaytootherplanetsandpotentiallytheplaceofresidenceforthefuturegenerations.ThescientificknowledgeandeconomicbenefitstobegainedbybuildingasustainableMoonbasearehuge.近近義詞1. plishment：成 2.relevance=significance=importance=weight:重要3.explicit=overt:明顯 4.observe=watch=monitor:觀5.unravel=findananswerto=workout:揭開(kāi)，解 6.unknown=mysterious=unfamiliar;神秘的，未知7.feasible=practicable=viable=practical=realistic:8.obtainable=available=accessible:可以獲尋的，可以得到的9.preliminary=initial=preceding:最初的;forthetimebeing=fornow=forthemoment:現(xiàn)在，暫 12.gateway=entry=doorway=access:，通Topic7:Somepeoplearguethatthe ernmentshouldspendmoneyonpublicservicesandfacilities,butnotonthearts.Doyouagreeordisagree?符合公眾的利益(generalinterest),一般來(lái)說(shuō)，私人企業(yè)(privatesector)不會(huì)對(duì)公共設(shè)施感，因此公共設(shè)施只能依靠投資。而藝術(shù)作為人們的和文化傳統(tǒng)(culturaltraditions),會(huì)代代相傳(passedonfromonegenerationtoanother),因此不需要投對(duì)現(xiàn)活是至關(guān)重要的（essentialtomodernlife),對(duì)于一個(gè)文明社會(huì)有著非常重要的作用（centraltoa要部分（anintegralpartofculturallife)；?藝術(shù)給人們提供了排解情緒的(providepositiveoutlets),比如看(preserveaculture);光(attractforeigntouristsforsightseeing),產(chǎn)生旅游收入(producetourismrevenue)；一些藝術(shù)作品（artobjects),譬如說(shuō)雕塑和建筑（sculptureandarchitecture),麗(enjoythebeautyofurbanorrurallandscape),賞心悅目(pleasingtotheeye)，為生活增添。范范Theroleofartsinmodernlifeisunique,providingpeoplewithentertainmentandyieldingvariouspsychologicalrewards,suchasrelieffromstress.Despitethesebenefits,theartshavebeentakenasluxurygoodsinmanycases.Itissuggestedthatpublicmoneyofacityshouldbeconcentratedinprojectslikepublicfacilities,whicharcmorelikelytobringimmediatebenefitstothepublic,ratherthanthearts.ThereareanumberoffactsindicatingthatthispositionisPublicfacilities,widelyacceptedasoneofthemainprecursorstoacity'sdevelopment,shouldbeoneofthehighestpriorities.Thoseunderdevelopedcitiesinparticular,shoulddirectsufficientfundingtowardpublicfacilities.Whilemunicipalofficebuildings,courthousesandpostofficesareessentialcomponentsofpublicservices,libraries,hospitals,parks,playingfields,gymnasiumsandswimmingpoolsareavailabletothepublicforsocial,educational,athleticandculturalactivities.Byboostingspendingonpublicfacilities,citiesaremorecapabletosatisfytheneedsofcitizensandimprovetheirstandardofliving.Inadditiontosocialbenefits,thereareeconomicmeritsthatpublicfacilitiescanoffertocommunities.Anintegratedtransportnetwork(maritime,landandinlandwaterwaystransportandcivilaviation),forexample,promisesthesmoothandspeedymovementofgoodsandpeopleinacity.Industrialproducts,aswellasagriculturalproduceofacity,canbedeliveredtoothercitiesinexchangeforsteady e.OfequalimportancearepublicInternetfacilities.ProvidingaccesstoinformationbyimprovingInternetandother municationsfacilitieshasrelevancetotheeasewithwhichbusinessesinacityreceive,process,utilizeandsendinformation.Itisnoexaggerationtosaythatentrepreneurs,eitherfromhomeorabroad,willfirstexaminetheinfrastructureofacitybeforedecidingwhethertopursuebusinessopportunitiesthere.Thearts,bycomparison,althoughenablingpeopletoseetheworldandthehumanconditiondifferentlyandtoseeatruthonemightignorebefore,donotmeriternmentspending.Thefirstreasonisthatthearts---referringtomusic,filmandliteraturealtogether---aremorelikelytoattracttheinvestmentoftheprivatesectorthanpublicfacilities.Businesspeoplecontinuetoinvestintheartsintheexpectationofearninglumpsum eandtheartsinreturn,continuetoflourishwithouttheernmentspending.Meanwhile,theartsareakeycomponentofacultureandnaturallypasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Unlikepublicfacilities,theyrequirenomoneytosurvive.Itisthereforeclearthatconstructionofpublicfacilitiesshouldbegiventheforemostconsideration.Theconcernaboutthewell-beingofindividualcitizensandthatofacityismoreacutethantheapprehensionaboutthesurvivalandprospectsofthearts,something