英語科筆記摘錄-module5

Unit4因…指責(zé)或控告... 依靠，取決于通知… 說實(shí)話 約會，預(yù)約 提高技術(shù)精通……記住錯過截止日期幫助……做……辨析：demand,require,request1.語意區(qū)別

demand主語是人，表示堅決要求，堅持要做某事；主語是物，指迫切需要。

require表示按照法規(guī)、權(quán)利提出的要求或命令，指客觀需要。

request指通過正式手續(xù)提出的要求，口氣緩和，態(tài)度禮貌，“懇求，請求”。Thekindofwork__________greatpatience.Manyfactories___________atesttoinvestigatethehonestyoffutureworkers.Thestudents____________thattheschoolprovidemorecomputerclasses.demandsrequirerequested都可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句都要用虛擬語氣，即should+do.

Thenewproject____________manyqualifiedscientistsandtechnicians.Allpassengers________________toshowtheirtickets.Theathletes___________thatthejudgesreappraise(重新評價)them.demandsarerequiredrequest

require表示“需要”時，后接todo/doing。接動詞不定式，用其被動形式；接動名詞，用其主動形式表被動Thebabyrequirestobelookedaftercarefully.=Thebabyrequireslookingaftercarefully.Unit3馬上，立刻四面八方很快入睡環(huán)境破壞使……想起……頭幾天對未來持樂觀的觀點(diǎn)看不見給……留下印象處于壓力下，受到壓力4.辨析：surrounding,environment,circumstance,settingsurrounding

一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，僅指一個特定時期某人或某物周圍所有具體的物質(zhì)性的東西，是一種比較籠統(tǒng)的說法，包括物體、建筑物、自然景色等

environment可指自然環(huán)境，也可指精神環(huán)境，用單數(shù)形式，表示一個或一群生物體周圍的整體狀況，尤其指作用和影響這群生物體的生長、發(fā)展和生存的外界物質(zhì)條件的總和

circumstance“環(huán)境、情形、情況”，常用復(fù)數(shù)，指某事物或動作發(fā)生時的情況，常與under、in連用，表示“在……情況下”

setting“背景、環(huán)境”，常指人文環(huán)境或戲劇、小說的情節(jié)背景1.Childrenneedahappyhome______________.2.Thestudentslivehappilyinthebeautiful______________.3.Ican’timaginea______________inwhichIwouldbewillingtosteal.4.Chinaisthe_____________ofthestory.

environment

surroundingscircumstance

setting5.Peopletendtobehavedifferentlyindifferentsocial______________.6.Thecompanyhastherighttocancelthisagreementincertain______________.7.Heturnedonthelightandexaminedhis______________.8.Recyclingpaperandcarsisaneasywaytopreservethe______________.

environment

surroundingscircumstances

settings

10.optimistic（詳見練習(xí)冊）

11.takeup/sweepup（詳見練習(xí)冊）

sweepaside 對……置之不理Alltheadvicewassweptaside.所有的忠告都被當(dāng)成了耳邊風(fēng)。

sweepaway 徹底消除，完成打消Alldoubtshavebeensweptaway.所有懷疑已經(jīng)完全消除。

take

offtakeintakeovertakeawaytakedowntakebacktakeontakefor起飛，脫去欺騙接管帶走記下取回，收回雇傭，呈現(xiàn)(錯)當(dāng)作，(誤)以為

takealong takeapart

takecareof

takeplace

taketheplaceof

takenotes

takepartin

takepridein

takeone’sturn

隨時攜帶拆開，拆卸照顧發(fā)生，舉行代替記錄，做筆記參加以……為自豪輪流練習(xí)冊43答案MaryisanEnglishteacherwhosepatentsworkinJapan.Isthistheumbrellawhich/thatyouarelookingfor?October1,1949isthedaywhennewChinawasfounded.Thisistheplacewherethegreatmanwasborn.HetalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.Irememberallthethingsasiftheyhappenedyesterday.Hepausedasiftoletthepainfulmemorypass.Weshoulddowhatwecantohelphim.Whathurtourfeelingsmostwasherwords.Asyourfriend,IwilltellyouwhatIheard.Weclimbedinthroughthesmallopening.Mysisterjumpedoutfrombehindthedoor,whichfrightenedme.Hetookthebookfrombelowthepillowandhandedittome.ShehaslovedShakespearesincechildhood.IhavebeenlookingforwardtomeetingyoueversinceMarytoldmeaboutyou.Sinceyouhaven’tmadeupyourmind,whynotaskmotherforhelp?多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其排列順序為：限定詞(冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞)+數(shù)詞(序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞)+描繪形容詞(beautiful，good，interesting,kind)+特征形容詞(大小、長短、高低、形狀、年齡、新舊)+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞

afamousGermanmedicalschoolmyexpensiveJapanesesportscarthoselargeroundblackwoodentables1）Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.

A.

littletwoother

B.twolittleother

C.

twootherlittle

D.

littleothertwo

2)

Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.

A.oldChinesestone

B.Chineseoldstone

C.oldstoneChinese

D.Chinesestoneold幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞，排列順序是：（年齡，形狀，大小）+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。3)--HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?

--Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends，andspentthe___daysattheseaside.

A.fewlastsunny

B.lastfewsunny

C.lastsunnyfew

D.fewsunnylast本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的方在后。Ihaveseenamazingthings1.Described

asanenormousroundplate,itspinsslowlyinspaceslowlyinspacetoimitate

the

pull

of

theearth’sgravity.天空站像一個巨大的圓盤，在天空中緩緩地旋轉(zhuǎn)，以仿照出地球重心的引力。Keysentences2.Youplacethemetalbandoveryourhead,clear

your

mind,pressthesendingbutton,thinkyourmessageandthenextinstantit’ssent.你把這種金屬帶子放在你的頭上，排除雜念，按下發(fā)送鍵，集中精神想著你要傳遞的信息，片刻工夫信息就發(fā)出去了。3.It’squick,efficientandenvironmentally

friendly.它快捷有效，而且環(huán)保。4.Well,nowthereisasystemwherethewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.現(xiàn)在我們有一種裝置，能利用生態(tài)學(xué)原理來處理掉廢氣物。5.Therubbishisturned

intoseveralgradesofusefulmaterial,suchas“fertilizer”forthefieldsand“soil”fordeserts.垃圾被分解成了幾種有用的物質(zhì)，如莊稼的“肥料”和沙漠中的“土壤”。6.Manufacturingnolongertakesplaceontheearthbuton

space

stationslikethisone.批量生產(chǎn)不再在地球上進(jìn)行，而是轉(zhuǎn)移到了像這樣的天空站里。7.Whenthegoodsarereadythey’retransportedbyindustrial

spaceshipbacktoearth.一旦貨物齊備，就用工用太空船運(yùn)送到地球。Ex3,page562數(shù)十年前，人們還用打字機(jī)打出正式文件，但現(xiàn)在我們可以用電腦和打印機(jī)做同樣的工作。Decades

ago,peopleusedtypewritersforformaldocuments,butnowweusecomputersandprinterstodothesamework.4千年之后地球上的居民可能可以用生態(tài)系統(tǒng)來處理垃圾。Onethousandyearsinthefuture,citizensoftheearthmaybe

able

todisposeoftheirrubbishusinganecologicalsystem.6與人打交道是商務(wù)人員工作的一個重要部分。Dealing

with

peopleisoneimportantaspectofabusinessman’swork.8在醫(yī)院呆了六周以后，他終于恢復(fù)狀態(tài)并且開始工作。Aftersixweeksinhospital,hewasbackonhisfeetandreadytostartwork.Unit2

由……組成弄清問題涉及，提到脫離，掙脫值得贊揚(yáng)國際關(guān)系7.教育體制8.為了方便起見9.工業(yè)城市10.留心觀察11.歷史建筑12.使某人的旅途不虛此行又有意義5.辨析:accomplish,finish,complete,achieveaccomplish指成功地完成(任務(wù)),取得(成就),實(shí)現(xiàn)(計劃),達(dá)到(目的)。

finish指把某件事做完,常指完成日常的瑣事;另表“吃完”，“完成學(xué)業(yè)或課程”。其后跟V-ing形式做賓語。

complete較finish正式,常指完成計劃、工程、建筑等，強(qiáng)調(diào)完成的結(jié)果。

achieve指通過努力克服困難，完成偉大功業(yè)，取得較大的成績。1.Alazymanwouldnever_____________anything.2.Wesetoffimmediatelyafterwe_______ourlunch.3.Noonecan________hisgoalwithoutefforts.4.Thenewgallerywillbe__________bytheendofnextyear.

accomplished

finished

achieve

completed5.Hehopesto_________allhisaimsbytheendoftheyear.6.Thebridgeisn’t___________yet.7.Whendo____________yourcollegecourses?

finish

achieve

completed

15.error,mistake和faulterror指違反某一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做的錯事，包括道德上的錯誤,一般與commit搭配；

mistake指偶然做錯了事，強(qiáng)調(diào)日常生活中的錯誤，一般與make搭配；

fault常常指人在性格上或辦事上的“缺點(diǎn),毛病”，強(qiáng)調(diào)過失的責(zé)任，不能與make搭配，一般與have或commit搭配Unit1了解……的情況體態(tài)特征提出一個理論傳染性的疾病得出結(jié)論百姓;普通人暴露(…..)在……中把….吸收入….9.收集信息10.貧民區(qū)11.一條珍貴的線索12.緩解,慢下來13.肯定地宣布14.調(diào)查15.深入調(diào)查16.私人醫(yī)生

對某人嚴(yán)格要求一個革命性的理論通向….;導(dǎo)致…只有，只要有意義,講得通6.從事，致力于7.

完善理論8.

鼓勵某人做某事9.

留心……，謹(jǐn)防……10.

宇宙的中心四、with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)1.Theysattogetheraroundthetable,with

（門關(guān)著）.（shut）2.Theypretendedtobeworkingallnight,with

（燈亮著）.（burn）3.Ican’tgoouttoplay,with

（如此多作業(yè)要做）.（do）4.Thechildrencamerunningtowardus,with

（手里拿著花）（hand）5.With

（考試結(jié)束）,wehadalongtimetorest.（over）6.With__（這么多人來到現(xiàn)場）,Ifeltnervous.（present）Practice2:Rewritethefollowingsentenceswiththepastparticipleasattributive.Let’strythebookstorethatwasopenedlastmonth.

Let’strythebookstoreopenedlastmonth.Nineoutoftenwomeninterviewedabouttheproductsaidtheylikedit.Nineoutoftenwomenwhowereinterviewedabouttheproductsaidtheylikedit.Yesterday,thePresidentwenttovisittheretiredworkers.Yesterday,thePresidentwenttovisittheworkerswhohadretired.

Rewritethesesentencesasonesentenceusingthepastparticipleastheattributeorpredicative.(P44)21.Ifoundthisplateonthefloor.Theplatewasbrokeninpieces.

Ifoundthisbrokenplateonthefloor. Ifoundthisplatebrokeninpiecesonthefloor.2.Isawatall,darkandhandsomeman.HisnameisXiaoMing.Isawatall,darkandhandsomemancalledXiaoMing.3.Ilookedatthatmodemabstract(抽象)painting.Itwascoloredinyellowsandgreens.Ilookedatthatmodemabstractpaintingcoloredinyellowsandgreens.4.YesterdayIgottheanswertomyquestion.ItwastheoneIexpected.YesterdayIgottheexpectedanswertomyquestion.5.Sheisoneofmyfriends.Sheisdevotedtomyinterests.Sheismyfrienddevotedtomyinterests.6.OnthedoorstepIfoundalotofbottles.Theyweremarkedingreenink.OnthedoorstepIfoundalotofbottlesmarkedingreenink.7.Wesawmanywindowsinthatroom.Theywereallcracked.Wesawmanycrackedwindowsinthatroom.LanguagepointsforreadingII

(1)謂語動詞用過去式表現(xiàn)在：

IfonlyIknewhisname!

要是我知道他的名字就好了。

(2)謂語動詞用過去完成時表過去：

Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!

我們要是采納你的意見就好了。

(3)謂語動詞用could/would表將來：

IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!

要是我能再看到他多好??！

Ifonlyshewouldacceptmyinvitation!

要是她接受我的邀請該多好??！虛擬語氣

2.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。

with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。介詞短語,過去分詞