高中英語 虛擬語氣精講 含近幾年高考題

TheSubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣在英語中隨著說話人意圖的不同，動詞需用不同的形式，稱為語氣。英語語氣有三種：語氣(mood)是一種動詞形式，用以表示說話者的意圖或態(tài)度。②祈使語氣：表示說話人對對方的請求、邀請、命令、警告或勸告等。

Pleasebecareful.請細心點。①陳述語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。

Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.

③虛擬語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時是一種非真實的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實現(xiàn)的與事實相反的愿望。

IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！Iwishyouweremorecareful.但愿你更細心些。虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用A.虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用B.虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應(yīng)用C.虛擬語氣在某些句型中的應(yīng)用A.

虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用條件狀語從句分為真實條件句和非真實條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況與事實相反，或根本不可能實現(xiàn)，或發(fā)生的可能性很小，就是非真實條件句，即虛擬條件句。兩種條件句的謂語動詞形式各不相同。真實條件句用陳述語氣的動詞形式，而非真實條件句用虛擬語氣的動詞形式。與事實相反！1)Ifhehastime,hewillgoshoppingtonight.2)IfIhadtime,Iwouldvisityou.與現(xiàn)在事實相反：虛擬條件句主句didbe---wereshould/would/could/might+do如果我是你，我會更加努力學習英語。IfIwereyou,IwouldstudyEnglishharder.Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，我們就出去野餐了。與過去事實相反虛擬條件句主句haddoneshould/would/might/could+have+done

如果昨天你在這兒，就什么事都不會發(fā)生了。Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.如果我早到一點的話，我就會趕上那輛公共汽車了。IfIhadgotthereearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthebus.與將來事實相反虛擬條件句主句Did/

wereshoulddoweretodoshould/would/could/might+do表示與將來事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should(wereto)+動詞原形，而主句中的謂語動詞則用would/should/couldmight+動詞原形。明天要是周日的話，我們就不參加考試了。Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.要是失敗了，我會再試一次。IfitwereSundaytomorrow,wewouldn’thaveanexam.形式情況條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反過去式(be用were)

would(should,could,might)+dohad+done

would(should,could,might)+havedone1.過去式/were2.should+do3.wereto+do

would(should,could,might)+do含有虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句中，如果有had,should,were可以將if省略，再將句子的主語和謂語實行部分倒裝。注意一：

eg:Ifitshouldbefine,wewouldgoforanouting.

Shoulditbefine,wewouldgoforanouting.

eg:Iftheyhadhadtime,theywouldhavecomeandhelpedus.

Hadtheyhadtime,theywouldhavecomeandhelpedus.

Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.

Wereittoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.Exercises:1.I______________(come)tooifIhadtimetospare.2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________(come),shewouldhavemetmybrother.3.Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringthedaytime,there________________(be)moredeaths.should/wouldcomehadcomewouldhavebeen

4.Ifit___________________________(rain)tomorrow,we________________(notgoout).5.______(be)Iingoodhealth,I_____________(go)withyoutomorrow.

rained/shouldrain/weretorainwouldnotgooutWerewould/shouldgo當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。注意二：如果他早點出發(fā)，他現(xiàn)在已到家了。Ifhehadsetoutearlier,hewouldbehomenow.假如你接受了我的意見，你現(xiàn)在就會好的多。Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.B.

虛擬語氣在某些從句中的應(yīng)用1、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法①

Itisdesired（suggestedrequested,ordered,demanded…)+that…;②Itisstrange(necessary,possible,important,natural…)+that…;③Itisapity(nowonder…)+that…等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should常被省略。例:Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.他那樣說話，令人吃驚。Itisstrangethathe(should)sayso.

真遺憾，你失去了這么好的機會。Ithasbeendecidedthatthesportsmeet(should)beputofftillnextmonth.已經(jīng)決定了把運動會推遲至下個月。Itisapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.高中學生掌握一門外語很有必要。Itisnecessarythatahighschoolstudentshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.2、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法（1）在表示提議、要求、命令、決定等動詞如suggest,command,require,request,demand,propose,insist,order等）后的賓語從句中謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”。Should常被省略。一個堅持（insist）,兩個命令（order,command）,三個建議（suggest,advise,propose）,四個要求（ask,demandrequest,require）Theyproposedthattheprize(should)begiventoourmonitor.他們建議把獎品給我們的班長.Iinsistthathegivememymoneyback.我要求他把錢退給我。eg:Heorderedthatthemedicine(should)besentbyaspecialplane.他命令用專機送藥品。Heinsistedthathewasnotathiefandthathebesetfree.Herpalefacesuggestedshewasill.注意：若insist表示“堅持說”，suggest表示“表明了，暗示了”，后面是賓語從句用陳述語氣他命令用專機送藥品。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.（2）在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。1）表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式（be動詞一般用were）。我希望知道這個問題的答案。IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.IwishitwereautumninBeijingalltheyeararound.2）表示對過去情況的虛擬：從句動詞常用“had＋過去分詞”或“would,could,might+havedone”

。我真希望沒花那么多錢。IwishIhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.他真希望沒有失去那機會。Hewisheshehadnotlostthechance.例:IwishI______longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.

A.couldhaveslept

B.slept

C.mayhaveslept

D.haveslept

本題后半句謂語動詞是過去時hadtogetupandcome,所以前面要用過去完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作。所以,選項A)couldhaveslept是答案.

3）表示對將來的主觀愿望：從句動詞形式為“would/should/could/might

＋動詞原形”。但愿雨能很快停止。Iwishitwouldstoprainingsoon.但愿你能立刻來。Iwishyoucouldcomesoon.Exercises:

Thelastchancehasbeenlost.Howhewisheshewouldhaveanotherchance.IwishIhadlearnedmore.我多希望我像你一樣強壯。我多希望我以前多學一些。最后一次機會他也失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次機會??！

IwishIwereasstrongasyou.

（3）在主語＋wouldrather＋that賓語從句中，從句謂語用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚眠^去完成式表示與過去事實相反。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.Theywouldrathergowithme.Iwouldratherwehadtheexamtomorrow.Iwouldrathernothinghadhappenedlastnight.

3.虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從句的用法在suggestion,proposal,order,idea,news,request,advice,demand,plan

等名詞后面的表語從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，should常省略。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagain.Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.

Mysuggestionthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagainisacceptedbythem.

由asif,asthough引導的狀語從句和表語從句時，從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式（be用were）或“had＋過去分詞”。(和虛擬條件謂語動詞形式一樣)4、asif,asthough在狀語從句和表語從句的用法Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)

eg:HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.

eg:Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.Itseems_________it______alreadysummer.看起來好象到夏天了。asifwere他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實看過一樣。HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.他說起英語來好像他是個英國人似的。Theytalkedaboutthecityasiftheyhadbeentherebefore.他們談?wù)撃亲鞘泻孟袼麄円郧罢嫒ミ^那兒似的。注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。6.Itisstrangethathe_____________(make)suchamistake.That’sunexpected.7.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent________(bring)enoughfoodonthetrip.8.Mydemandisthatyou_____________(get)upatsix.9.Hespeaksasifhe___________(be)anEnglishman.10.Theytalkedasifthey_____________(be)goodfriendsforyears.

shouldmake

bring

(should)getwere

hadbeenC.

虛擬語氣在某些句型中的應(yīng)用在Itis(high)time(that)…的句型中，定語從句的虛擬形式常用過去式或should＋動詞原形（should不能省略），表示“現(xiàn)在該……”我們該走了。Itistimeweleft/shouldleave.It’sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.1、在Itis(high)time(that)…的句型中

ifonly…表示一種假設(shè)情況，意思是“要是······就好了”，相當于主語＋wish。要是今天是星期天就好了。IfonlyitwereSundaytoday.要是我沒有丟掉我的車就好了。IfonlyI____________mycar.hadn’tlost2、在Ifonly…的句型中

Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?=ifyouhadamilliondollarsWecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(＝ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)Butforrain(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.3.用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。如,with,without,butfor等Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副詞）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（連詞）4.含蓄條件句用其它形式代替條件句Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.（定語從句）Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.5.IfitwerenotforIfithadnotbeenfor若不是…的話Mayyousucceed!Mayyoubealwayshappy!6.用于“may＋動詞原形”表示“祝愿……”，may須置于句首。Mayhappinessbealwayswithyou!Manyhappyreturnstoyou!LongliveChairmanMao!Itwouldbebetterforyounottodothat.

Wouldyoubesokindastoshowmethewaytotherailwaystation?7.表示委婉語氣的句型中。E.Exercises8.（安徽卷）Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe______nowheretostaynow.A.had

B.hadhad C.wouldhave D.wouldhave

had9..（江蘇卷）Itmighthavesavedmemuchtrouble______theschedule.A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown10.(重慶卷)Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway____hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.A.Didn’twrite

B.hadn’twrittenC.wouldn’twrite D.wouldn’thavewritten13.Ifwe____atableearlier,wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.havebookedB.bookedC.bookD.hadbooked14.---DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?---No.Ifso,he____hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.woulddriveB.droveC.wouldhavedrivenD.haddriven【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意：如果我們早點訂桌的話，我們就不可能在這里站著排隊了?？芍猧f從句是對過去的虛擬，用過去完成時態(tài)。【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意，如果這樣的話（喬治已經(jīng)通過駕照考試），他昨天就駕車來我們大學了，可知是對過去的虛擬。Ifso=Ifhehadpassedthedrivingtest，主句使用情態(tài)動詞+havedone。故答案選C。15.IshouldnothavelaughedifI____youwereserious.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought16.Mymomsuggeststhatwe____eatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語氣。此處為if虛擬條件句，其主句使用的是shouldhavedone，可知是對過去的虛擬，故從句用過去完成時態(tài)表示對過去的虛擬。【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。題干關(guān)鍵詞為suggest，表示建議，其后所接的名詞性從句應(yīng)用“（should+）動詞原形”的虛擬語氣，故選A。17.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,he____abletospeakitmuchbetternow.willbeB.wouldbeC.hasbeenD.wouldhavebeen18.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam____attheageofsixmonthsold.A.wasB.beC.wereD.is【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語氣。此題為if虛擬條件句，從句時間為before，故是對過去的虛擬，用過去完成時態(tài)，主句時間為now，故是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，因此用情態(tài)動詞過去式后接動詞原形，答案為B?！敬鸢浮緽【解析】考查虛擬語氣。題干關(guān)鍵詞為recommend，表示“推薦，建議”，后接賓語從句時應(yīng)用（should+）動詞原形的虛擬語氣，此處省去了should，故答案為B。19.---Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.I’mgladwetookanumbrella.---Yeah,wewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe____.

hadn’tB.haven'tC.didn'tD.don't20.I____tomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailableA.wentB.hadgoneC.wouldgoD.wouldhavegone【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句主句從句均為對過去的虛擬，if從句使用過去完成時態(tài)，故選A?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意：昨晚我本想要去參加我表親的生日聚會，但我沒空。選項中能表示對過去虛擬的只有D答案：用情態(tài)動詞過去式后加havedone表示。考鏈接2012【2012福建】31.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe_____moreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited【答案】D考鏈接2012【2012陜西】17.Ifmycar_____morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe【答案】B考鏈接2012【2012山東】30.Ifwe_____adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmade【答案】D考鏈接2012【2012湖南】29.Sorry，Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had【答案】D考鏈接2012【2012天津】15.WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold______usaridehome.A.didn’tofferB.wouldn’tofferC.hasn’tofferedD.hadn’toffered【答案】D考鏈接2012【2012遼寧】33.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe_____somethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did【答案】D考鏈接2012【2012浙江】19.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they_____secondthoughts.A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad【答案】D1.（2011全國）32.They______havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should考鏈接20112.(2011北京)24.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.He

come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswereA.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot3.(2011北京)28.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey

alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen4.(2011北京)30.MaybeifI

science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying5.（2011上海）28.I______worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.A.can’tB.mustn’t C.daren’tD.needn’t6.(2011天津)15.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome7.(2011重慶)25.——Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?——Iwantto,butmymomsimply_________notletmeoutsolateatnight.A.couldB.mightC.wouldD.should8.（2011四川）20.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey

.A.canB.mayC.mustD.should9.(2011陜西)22.I__________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone10.(2011陜西)24.—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?--OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall11.（2011湖南）28.-----Noone_______becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.-----Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.A.canB.needC.mustD.might12.（2011福建）25.—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?—Iamafraidyou_______,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.A.willB.mustC.mayD.can13.（2011福建）34.—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—I____it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended14.（2011遼寧）21.Ifyou__go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will15.(2011江蘇)34.—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone______it.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen16.（2011浙江）11.---How’syournewbabysitter?---We______askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.A.should B.might C.mustn’t D.couldn’t17.（2011江西）23.It_______bethepostmanatthedoor,It’sonlysixo’clock.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.neddn’t18.（2011江西）28.We_____John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjuryA.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput19.（2011全國II）8.Ifyou_____smoke,pleasegooutside.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may1.(2010全國卷I29).Justbepatient.You_____________expecttheworldtochangesosoon.A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.willnot2.(2010全國卷II17).I’mafraidMr.Harding____seeyounow.he’sbusy.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t3.(2010安徽卷32).Jackdescriedhisfather,who_____abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedmanA.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.musthavebeen4.(2010北京卷23).—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.You

beMrs.Peters.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.can5.(2010北京卷34).—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables

.A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdiedD.wouldn'thavedied6.(2010福建卷29).Teachersrecommendparents

theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow7.(2010湖南卷29).Ifhe__________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow8.(2010湖南卷23).You_________buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.mustB.mustn’tC.havetoD.don’thaveto9.(2010江蘇卷25).—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may10.(2010江蘇卷34).Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused11.(2010江西卷23).Ihavetoldyo