2023年高考英語試題及答案(北京卷)

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試〔北京卷〕英語第一局部：聽力〔共兩節(jié)，總分值30分〕第一節(jié)〔共5小題；每題1.5分，總分值7.5分〕聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來答復(fù)有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdidthemanwininhisdream?A.Aholiday.B.Anewcar.C.Somemoney.2.Willthewomancometotheparty?A.Maybe.B.NoC.Certainly3.Howlonghasthewomanbeenanauthor?A.About30years.B.About40years.C.About70years.4.Whatdoesthewomanwant?A.Aradio.B.Somepens.C.Somebatteries.5.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Askingforinformation.B.Askingforanapology.C.Askingforhelp.第二節(jié)〔共15小題；每題1.5分，總分值22.5分〕聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話或獨(dú)白前后，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話讀兩遍。6.Howmanycoatsdoesthewomanwant?A.25.B.30.C.50.7.Whatistheordernumberforgloves?A.P25G5.B.P26T5.C.P28D5.聽第7段材料，答復(fù)第8、9題。8.Whichcityhasthewomanvisitedrecently?A.NewYork.B.London.C.Paris.9.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecity?A.Citylife.B.Weather.C.Environment.聽第8段材料，答復(fù)第10至11。10.Whenwillitrain?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Atnight.11.Whatwillcausedelaysfortrafficcomingintotown?A.Rain.B.Afog.C.Bridgerepairs.聽第9段材料，答復(fù)第12至14題。12.Whydidthewomangotothebank?A.Tobuyanewhouse.B.Tomeetthemanager.C.Tomakeanappointment.13.Whathappenedintheparkinglot?A.Thewomanquarreledwithastranger.B.Thewomanfailedtogethercarparkedintime.C.Thewomanbackedhercarintothewrongplace.14.Whatdidthewomanthinkofthemanwhenshefirstsawhim?A.Selfish.B.Clever.C.Respectful.聽第10段材料，答復(fù)第15至17題。15.Howdoesthewomanthinkaboutherwork?A.Itisverygood.B.Itishardtosaynow.C.Itkeepsherverybusy.16.Wheredoesthewomanlivenow?A.Inherworkplace.B.Inthecitycenter.C.Inabigapartment.17.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Thewoman’slifeinanewcity.B.Thewoman’stravelexperience.C.Thewoman’sco-workers.聽第11段材料，答復(fù)第18至20題。18.Whatisthewoman’sviewonsmell?A.Itispersonal.B.Itisconcrete.C.Itisstrange.19.Whatisspecialaboutsmells?A.Theyareaspleasantasmusic.B.Theycanlastaboutthirtydays.C.Theymakethingsmorememorable.20.Whatisthewoman’smostfavoritesmell?A.Smellofthesea.B.Smellofhergarden.C.Smellofaircraftfuel.第二局部：知識運(yùn)用〔共兩節(jié)，總分值45分〕第一節(jié)：單項(xiàng)填空〔共15小題；每題1分，總分值15分〕從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。21.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe________notsmoke,andhehassmokedeversince.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would.22.—HaveyoureadbookcalledWaitingforAnya?—Who_______it?A.writesB.haswrittenC.wroteD.hadwritten23.—DidyoureturnFred’scall?—Ididn’tneedto____I’llseehimtomorrow.A.thoughB.unlessC.whenD.because24.______thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen25.ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhich_____oftheparentsspokethelanguage.A.noneB.neitherC.bothD.each26.Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,______.A.hungryandtiredlyB.hungryandtiredC.hungrilyandtiredlyD.hungrilyandtired27.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI____inmanyworsehotels.A.wasstayingB,stayedC.wouldstayD.hadstayed28.I’llgiveyouyfriend’shomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where29.Nodecisionaboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade30.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreatetheyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who31.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding32.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed33.Ifyoureallyhavetoleaveduringthemeeting,you’dbetterleave____thebackdoor.A.forB.byC.acrossD.out34.I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime____Briangetback.A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after35.Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience〞foodssopopular,and____betteronesofyourown.A.introducesB.tointroduceC.introducingD.introduced第二節(jié)完形填空〔共20小題：每題1.5分，共30分〕閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenIenteredBerkeley,Ihopedtoearnascholarship.HavingbeenaStraight-Astudent,IbelievedIcould__36__toughsubjectsandreallylearnsomething.OnesuchcoursewasWorldLiteraturegivenbyProfessorJayne.Iwasextremelyinterestedintheideashe37inclass.WhenItookthefirstexam,Iwas38tofinda77,C-plus,onmytestpaper,39Englishwasmybestsubject.IwenttoProfessorJayne,wholistenedtomyargumentsbutremained_40.Idecidedtotryharder,althoughIdidn’tknowwhatthat41becauseschoolhadalwaysbeeneasyforme.Ireadthebooksmorecarefully,butgotanother77.Again,I42withProfessorJayne.Again,helistenedpatientlybutwouldn’tchangehis43.Onemoretestbeforethefinalexam.Onemore44toimprovemygrade.SoIredoubledmyeffortsand,forthefirsttime.45Themeaningoftheword“thorough〞.Butmy46__didnogoodandeverything47asbefore.Thelasthurdle(障礙)wasthefinal.Nomatterwhat48Igot,itwouldn’tcancelthreeC-pluses.Imightaswellkissthe49goodbye.Istoppedworkinghead.IfeltIknewthecoursematerialaswellasIeverwould.Thenightbeforethefinal,Ieven50myselftoamovie.ThenextdayIdecidedforonceI’dhave51__withatest.Aweeklater,IwassurprisedtofindIgotanA.IhurriedintoprofessorJayne’soffice.He52__tobeexpectingme.“IfIgaveyoutheAsyou53,youwouldn’tcontinuetoworkashard.〞Istaredathim.54Thathisanalysisandstrategy(策略)werecorrect.Ihadworkedmyhead55,asIhadneverdonebefore.Iwasspeechlesswhenmycoursegradearrived:A-plus.ItwastheonlyA-plusgiven.ThenextyearIreceivedmyscholarship.I’vealwaysrememberedProfessorJayne’slesson:youalonemustsetyourownstandardofexcellence.36.A.takeB.discussC.coverD.get37.A.soughtB.presentedC.exchangedD.obtained38.A.shockedB.worriedC.scaredD.anxious39.A.butB.soC.forD.or40.A.unchangedB.unpleasantC.unfriendlyD.unmoved41.A.reflectedB.meantC.improvedD.affected42.A.quarreledB.reasonedC.bargainedD.chatted43.A.attitudeB.mindC.planD.view44.A.choiceB.stepC.chanceD.measure45.A.memorizedB.consideredC.acceptedD.learned46.A.ambitionB.confidenceC.effortD.method47.A.stayedB.wentC.workedD.changed48.A.gradeB.answerC.lessonD.comment49.A.scholarshipB.courseC.degreeD.subject50.A.helpedB.favoredC.treatedD.relaxed51.A.funB.luckC.problemsD.tricks.52.A.happenedB.provedC.pretendedD.seemed53.A.valuedB.imaginedC.expectedD.welcomed54.A.rememberingB.guessingC.supposingD.realizing55.A.outB.overC.onD.off第三局部：閱讀理解〔共20小題；每題2分，總分值40分〕閱讀以下短文，從每篇短文后所給各題的四個選項(xiàng)〔A、B、C和D〕中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATwentyyearsago,Idroveataxiforaliving.OnenightIwenttopickupapassengerat2:30AM.WhenIarrivedtocollect,Ifoundthebuildingwasdarkexceptforasinglelightinagroundfloorwindow.Iwalkedtothedoorandknocked,“Justaminute,〞answeredaweak,elderlyvoice.Afteralongpause,thedooropened.Asmallwomaninhereightiesstoodbeforeme.Byhersidewasasmallsuitcase.Itookthesuitcasetothecar,andthenreturnedtohelpthewoman.Shetookmyarmandwewalkedslowlytowardthecar.Shekeptthankingmeformykindness.“It’snothing,〞Itoldher.“IjusttrytotreatmypassengersthewayIwouldwantmymothertreated.〞“Oh,you’resuchagoodman.〞Shesaid.Whenwegotintothetaxi,shegavemeanaddress,andthenasked,“Couldyoudrivethroughdowntown?〞“It’snottheshortestway,〞Iansweredquickly.“Oh,I’minnohurry,〞shesaid.“I’monmywaytoahospice(臨終醫(yī)院).Idon’thaveanyfamilyleft.ThedoctorsaysIdon’thaveverylong.〞Iquietlyreachedoverandshutoffthemeter(計(jì)價器).Forthenexttwohours,wedrovethroughthecity.Sheshowedmethebuildingwhereshehadonceworked,theneighborhoodwhereshehadlived,andthefurnitureshopthathadoncebeenaballroomwhereshehadgonedancingasagirl.Sometimesshe’daskmetoslowdowninfrontofaparticularbuildingandwouldsitstaringintothedarkness,sayingnothing.Atdawn,shesuddenlysaid,〞I’mtired.Let’sgonow.〞Wedroveinsilencetotheaddressshehadgivenme.“HowmuchdoIoweyou?〞sheasked.“Nothing.〞Isaid.“Youhavetomakealiving,〞sheanswered.“Oh,thereareotherpassengers,〞Ianswered.Almostwithoutthinking,Ibentandgaveherahug.Sheheldontoetightly.Ourhugendedwithherremark,“Yougaveanoldwomanalittlemomentofjoy.〞56.Theoldwomanchosetoridethroughthecityinorderto______.A.showshewasfamiliarwiththecityB.seesomeplacesforthelasttimeC.letthedriverearnmoremoneyD.reachthedestinationontime57.Thetaxidriverdidnotchargetheoldwomanbecausehe______.A.wantedtodoherafavorB.shutoffthemeterbymistakeC.hadreceivedherpaymentinadvanceD.wasinahurrytotakeotherpassengers58.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Givingisalwaysapleasure.B.Peopleshouldrespecteachother.C.Anactofkindnesscanbringpeoplegreatjoy.D.Peopleshouldlearntoappreciateothers’concern.BDomestic(馴養(yǎng)的)horsesnowpullploughs,raceintheKentuckyDerby,andcarrypolice.Butearlyhorsesweren’ttame(馴服的)enoughtoperformthesekindsoftasks.Scientiststhinkthefirstinteractionshumanshadwithhorseswerefardifferentfromthosetoday.Thousandsofyearsago,peoplekilledthewildhorsesthatlivedaroundthemforfood.Overtime,peoplebegantocatchtheanimalsandraisethem.Thiswasthefirststepindomestication.Aspeoplebegantotameandridehorses,theychosetokeepthoseanimalsthathadmoredesirablecharacteristics.Forexample,peoplemayhavechosentokeephorsesthathadagentlepersonalitysotheycouldberiddenmoreeasily.Peoplewhousedhorsestopullheavyloadswouldhavechosentokeepstrongeranimals.Characteristicslikestrengtharepartlycontrolledbytheanimals’genes.Soasthedomesticatedhorsesreproduced,theypassedthecharacteristicsontotheiryoung.Eachnewgenerationofhouseswouldshowmoreofthesechosencharacteristics.Moderndayhorsebreedscomeinawidevarietyofshapesandsizes.Thisvarietydidn’texistinthehorsepopulationbeforedomestication.TheShetlandhorseisoneofthesmallestbreeds—typicallyreachingonlyonemetertall.Withshort,stronglegs,theanimalswerebredtopullcoaloutofmineshafts(礦井)withlowceilings.HugehorsesliketheClydesdalecameonthescenearound1700.Peoplebredtheseheavy,tallhorsestopulllargevehiclesusedforcarryingheavyloads.Thedomesticationofhorseshashadgreateffectsonsocieties.Forexample,horsewereimportanttoolsintheadvancementofmodernagriculture.Usingthemtopullploughsandcarryheavyloadsallowedpeopletofarmmoreefficiently.Beforetheywereabletoridehorses,humanshadtocrosslandonfoot.Ridinghorsesallowedpeopletotravelfargreaterdistanceinmuchlesstime.Thatencouragedpopulationslivingindifferentareastointeractwithoneanother.Thenewfromofrapidtransportationhelpedculturesspreadaroundtheworld.59.Beforedomesticationhorseswere______.A.caughtforsportsB.huntedforfoodC.madetopullploughsD.usedtocarrypeople60.TheauthorusestheShetlandhorseasanexampletoshow______.A.itissmallerthantheClydesdalehorseB.horseusedtohavegentlepersonalitiesC.somehorseshavebettershapedthanothersD.horseswereoflessvarietybeforedomestication61.Horsescontributedtothespreadofcultureby______.A.carryingheavyloadsB.changingfarmingmethodsC.servingasameansoftransportD.advancingagricultureindifferentareas62.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.A.whyhumansdomesticatedhorsesB.howhumansandhorsesneededeachotherC.whyhorsescameindifferentshapesandsizesD.howhumansocietiesandhorsesinfluencedeachotherCDearHamilton,Wearefortunatethatinsuchalarge,high-pressureofficeweallgetalongsowell.Youareoneofthepeoplewhokeepthesocialtemperatureatsuchacomfortablesetting.Idon’tknowanyoneintheofficewhoisbetterlikedthanyou.Youcanperhapshelpwiththis.Thecollectionofcontributionstowardsgiftsforemployees’personal-lifeeventsisbecomingalittletroubling.Certainly,thegroupsendingofagiftisreasonablenowandthen.Inthepastmonth,however,therehavebeencollectionsfortwobabyshowergifts,oneweddingshowergift,twoweddinggifts,onefuneral〔葬禮〕remembrance,fourbirthdaygifts,andthreegraduationgifts.It’snotonlythecollected-fromwhoaregrowinguncomfortable(andpoor),butthecollected-forfeeluneasyreceivinggiftsfrompeoplewhodon’tknowthemoutsidetheoffice,whowouldn’tevenrecognizetheirgraduatingchildren,theirmarryingdaughtersandsons,ortheirdeadrelatives.Thisisbasicallyakindgesture(andonethatpeoplethinkwellofyoufor),butthepracticeseemstohavebecometoowide-rangingandfeelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.Thankyouforunderstanding.63.Theunderlinedword“contributions〞probablymeans________.A.moneyB.suggestionsC.reportsD.understanding64.Hamiltonisexpectedto_______.A.showmorekindness.B.discontinuethepresentpracticeC.quitbeingtheorganizerforgiftgivingD.knowmoreaboutco-workers’families65.Thisisbasicallyaletterof________.A.apologyB.sympathyC.appreciationD.dissatisfactionDWhenitcomestofriends,Idesirethosewhowillsharemyhappiness,whopossesswingsoftheirownandwhowillflywithme.Iseekfriendswhosequalitiesilluminate〔照亮〕meandtrainmeupforlove.ItisforthesepeoplethatIreservetheglowinghours,toogoodnottoshare.WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,Ihadafriend.Wewereshyand“tooserious〞aboutourstudieswhenitwasbecomingfashionablewithourclassmatestolearnacceptablesocialbehaviors.Wesaidlittleatschool,butshewouldcometomyhouseandwewouldsitdownwithpencilsandpaper,andoneofuswouldsay:“Let’sstartwithatrainwhistletoday.〞Wewouldsitquietlytogetherandwriteseparatepoemsorstoriesthatgrewoutofatrainwhistle.Thenwewouldreadthemaloud.Attheendofthatschoolyear,we,too,werechangingintosocialcreaturesandthestoriesandpoemsstopped.WhenIlivedforatimeinLondon,Ihadafriend,Hewasindespair(失望)andIwasindespair.Butourfriendshipwasbasedontheideaineachofusthatwewouldbesorrylaterifwedidnotexplorethisgreatcitybecausewehadfeltbadatthetime.WemeteverySundayforfiveweeksandfoundmanyexcellentthings.Wewalkeduntilourdespairsdisappearedandthenweparted.WegaveLondontoeachother.ForalmostfouryearsIhavehadremarkablefriendwhoseimaginationilluminatesmine.Wewritelonglettersinwhichweoftendiscoverourstrangestselves.Eachofusappears,sometimesinafunnyway,intheother’sdreams.SheandIagreethat,atcertaintimes,weseemtobepartsofthesamemind.Inmymostinterestingmoments,Ioftenthink:“Yes,Imusttell….〞Wehavenevermet.ItissuchcomfortingcompanionsIwishtokeep.Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologist〔心理學(xué)家〕，whowillonlyfillupthehealing〔愈合的〕silencenecessarytothosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend.66.Intheeighthgrade,whattheauthordidbeforedevelopingpropersocialbehaviorwasto______.A.becomeseriousaboutherstudyB.gotoherfriend’shouseregularlyC.learnfromherclassmatesatschoolD.sharepoemsandstorieswithherfriend67.InParagraph3,“WegaveLondontoeachother〞probablymeans______.A.ourexplorationofLondonwasamemorablegifttobothofusB.wewereunwillingtotearourselvesawayfromLondonC.ourunpleasantfeelingaboutLondondisappearedD.wepartedwitheachotherinLondon68.AccordingtoParagraph4,theauthorandherfriend_______.A.calleachotherregularlyB.havesimilarpersonalitiesC.enjoywritingtoeachotherD.dreamofmeetingeachother69.Inthedarkestmoments,theauthorwouldpreferto______.A.seekprofessionalhelpB.beleftaloneC.staywithherbestfriendD.breakthesilence70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.UnforgettableExperiencesB.RemarkableImaginationC.LifelongFriendshipD.NobleCompanionsETheDietZone:ADangerousPlaceDietCoke,dietPepsi,dietpills,no-fatdiet,vegetablediet…Wearesurroundedbytheword“diet〞everywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.Wearepayingforproductsthatharmuspsychologicallyandphysically〔身體上〕.Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.Ononelevel,wearenotallowingourbraintoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallylosingtheweight,butincontrollingtheconsumptionoffatty,high-calorie,unhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale〔秤〕instead.Allwehavetodoistoswalloworrecognizetheword“diet〞infoodlabels.Onanotherlevel,dietproductshavegreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrink,wearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon’thavetoworktogetresults.Dietproductsmakepeoplebelievethatgaincomeswithoutpain,andthatlifecanbewithoutresistanceandstruggle.Thedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveonus,butalsointhephysicalharmthattheycause.Dietfoodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseconsumingtheminsteadofhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients(營養(yǎng)成分).Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocalorieonlybecausethedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.Dietproductsmaynotbenutritional,andthechemicalthatgointodietproductsarepotentiallydangerous.Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonus,itistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofminds,notinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizethis,wewillbemuchbetterabletoresistdietproducts,andthereforepreventthepsychologicalharmthatcomesfromusingthem.71.FromParagraph1,welearnthat________.A.dietproductsfailtobringoutpeople’spotentialB.peoplehavedifficultyinchoosingdietproductsC.dietproductsaremisleadingpeopleD.peoplearefedupwithdietproducts72.Onepsychologicaleffectofdietproductsisthatpeopletendto_____.A.tryoutavarietyofdietfoodsB.hesitatebeforetheyenjoydietfoodsC.payattentiontotheirowneatinghabitsD.watchtheirweightratherthantheirdiet73.InParagraph3,“gaincomeswithoutpain〞probablymeans______.A.losingweightiseffortlessB.itcostsalottoloseweightC.dietproductsbringnopainD.dietproductsarefreefromcalories74.Dietproductsindirectlyharmpeoplephysicallybecausesuchproducts______.A.areover-consumedB.lackbasicnutrientsC.areshortofchemicalsD.providetoomuchenergy75.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?第II卷〔共35分〕第四局部：書面表達(dá)〔共兩節(jié)，35分〕第一節(jié)情景作文〔20分〕假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華，為?？⒄Z園地寫一篇題為“OurSpringOuting〞的英文稿件。請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，表達(dá)上周你們班從準(zhǔn)備春游到春游結(jié)束的完整過程。注意：詞數(shù)不少于60.提示詞：游樂園amusementpark垃圾箱bin(請務(wù)必將情景作文寫在答題卡II第一頁指定區(qū)域內(nèi))第二節(jié)開放作文〔15分〕請根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50。InanEnglishspeechcompetition,youareaskedtodescribethefollowingpictureandexplaintothejudgeshowyouunderstandit.(請務(wù)必將情景作文寫在答題卡II第二