-Unit5同步講義語(yǔ)法篇八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)

PAGEPAGE15第第11講Unit5EducationalExchanges學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：語(yǔ)法意義、概念、句型轉(zhuǎn)換掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常見(jiàn)副詞用法及其區(qū)別提問(wèn)學(xué)生：WhendidyoustarttolearnEnglish?Whatareyoudoingnow?引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回顧完一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)后，進(jìn)一步引出：HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)掌握完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法意義already/yet/ever/never等副詞的用法一.用法：

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去試比較：Ihavelostmynewbook.（現(xiàn)在還未找到）Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新書(shū)丟了（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒(méi)說(shuō)明）--Haveyouhadlunchyet?你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？--Yes,IhaveI'vejusthadit.（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，以后還可能持續(xù)下去。通常和帶有since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。Hehasbeeninthearmy（軍隊(duì)）fortenyears.IhavestudiedEnglishsince1980.表示說(shuō)話(huà)前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，表示次數(shù)：;,threetimes…,evernever等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.Shehaswatchedthisfilmthreetimes.Ihaveneverseenmorebeautifulgirlthanshe.二.構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+havehasdone（過(guò)去分詞）Hehasfinishedhishomework.否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/hasnotdonehavenot=haven’t not=hasn’tHehasn’tfinishedhishomework.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+done ?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+have/has.否定回答：No,主+have/hasnot.--Hashefinishedhishomework?--Yes,hehas. / No,hehasn’t.(4)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already已經(jīng)，肯定句的中間和末尾處Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.never從不，句子的中間處HehasneverbeentoShanghai.ever曾經(jīng),疑問(wèn)句和肯定句的中間處HehaseverbeentoBeijing.just剛剛，句子的中間處HehasjustbeentoBeijing.yet已經(jīng)，疑問(wèn)句、否定句的末尾處HehasnotbeentoBeijingyet.yet區(qū)別:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.already“已經(jīng)”。Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?yet用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，位于句末，表示“仍然，還，已經(jīng)”。since區(qū)別:for時(shí)間段、since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)IhavelivedinChangchun?fortwoyears.Ihavebeenheresince7o'clock.三havebeenin,havebeentohavegoneto的用法區(qū)別have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：sinceforhowlong等。例如：MrBrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。havebeenhere(there)/athomeschool)/onthefarm/abroadhave(has)beento表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust,ever,never等連用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱(chēng)代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。例如： isTom?Hehasgonetothebookshop.四．注意forsince引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連（forsince定不能是非延續(xù)性代詞，必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,join→bein/beamemberof，come/arrive→behere/in,come/getback→beback,go/leave→beaway(from),marry→bemarried(to)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)律例如：原形中的元音字母有變化：原形中的輔音字母有變化：td：原形中的元音字母和輔音字母都有變化：與原形相同：還有些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式不相同，為便于記憶，也分類(lèi)如下：begin-began-begun eat-ate-eatenbe-was/were-been forget-forgot-forgottentake-took-taken see-saw-seengive-gave-given break-broke-brokencome-came-come run-ran-runAgroupofBritishstudentsfromWoodparkSchoolinLondonarevisitingXinhuaJuniorHighSchoolinBeijingonaneducationalexchange.“Iwasverynervousatfirst,”saysSarah.“However,myhostfamilyarereallyfriendly.I'mgladtobeaguestintheirhome.Ihavelearnttousechopsticks,andthey'reteachingmealittleChinese!”ThestudentsspendtheweekdaysstudyingwithChinesestudents.Attheweekend,theytouraroundBeijingandvisitplacesofinterestwiththeirhostfamilies.“It'sbeenafantasticexperiencesofar,”saysEric.“I'velearntabitoft'aichi,andIreallyenjoyit.We'vealreadylearntalotaboutChinesecultureandhistory.TheteachershaveintroducedustoChinesepaintingaswell.We'vealsotriedtopaintsomepicturesourselves!Ihaven'thadmuchsuccessyet,butI'llkeeptrying.”“I'vemademanynewfriends,”saysSarah.“IplantokeepintouchwiththemwhenIreturnhome.We'llseeoneanothersoonbecausethey'llcomeovertotheUKforthesecondpartoftheexchangenextmonth.Ican'twait!”Question:WhatschooldoBritishstudentscomefrom?Whatdotheydoattheweekend?內(nèi)容包括：1.申請(qǐng)擔(dān)任志愿者；說(shuō)明自己樂(lè)于助人、擅長(zhǎng)中文；談?wù)剬W(xué)好中文的方法；4DearMr.Miller,I’mLiPingfromYangfanMiddleSchool.Thankyouforyourconsideration.YourstrulyLiPing單詞volunteer,improve,culture詞組begoodatbeinterestedin,句型I’mfrom...Iwanttobe...Ihavemanygoodwaysto...參考范文一、單項(xiàng)選擇。I'vegotthefinalHarryPotterbook.Youwillloveit.I ittwicealready.A.amreading B.haveread C.wasreading D.willreadWhowillteach oralEnglishnextterm?Canitbeanewteacher?--Perhaps.Butourheadteacherhasn'ttoldus .A.your;already B.you;yet C.you;already D.your;yetMissLin alotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.A.does B.did C.hasdone D.willdoMyauntisawriter.She morethantenbookssince1980.A.writes B.wrote C.haswritten D.willwrite youever thissong?Yes,Ihave.Itisverywonderful.A.Did;hear B.Do;hear C.Have;hear D.Have;heardIreallyenjoythenoodlesandvegetables.They delicious.stay B.feelPAGEPAGE19C.taste D.soundTheworkerswillbuildanewrailroad thetwocities,since B.betweenC.as D.during themorningofSeptember8th,manyvisitorsarrived thetrainstationforatour.In;at B.on;toC.in;in D;on;atItraveledtoLondonlastyearanditwasawonderful forme.dream B.reportC.experience D.interviewinAmericainvitedmeto eoverto B.saygoodbyetoC.keepintouchwith D.lookforwardto二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子，每空一詞。你可以把我介紹給你的同學(xué)嗎？Couldyou me yourclassmates?他成功的秘訣是什么？What'sthesecretofhis ?我們應(yīng)該尊重我們身邊的人。Weshould thepeoplearoundus.那個(gè)中國(guó)女孩去年到法國(guó)去學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)了。TheChinesegirl FrancetolearnFrenchlastyear.我們提前一個(gè)小