高考英語定語從句及高考考點分析教學內(nèi)容

高考英語定語從句及高考考點分析定語從句分類定語從句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定語從句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定語從句一.限制性定語從句的構成Theman

wholivesnexttoussellsvegetables..IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.ThedaycameatlastwhenIwenttocollege.關系代詞關系副詞1.從句的位置:2.從句的翻譯:3.從句的構成：先行詞之后“…….的”關系詞注意事項一）.關系代詞和先行詞的關系Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.themachine=thattheboy

=whotheboy’s

=whose關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指關系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格指人指物主語賓語that

whichwhowhomwhose關系代詞的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√×

×

×

×

做賓語時可以省略√√定語何時可以省略？關系代詞的用法練習1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.

Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.

Thefriendwho/that

hecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry..Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.難用的whoseThehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.

whose=thehouse’swindowThehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbroken二）、關系副詞和先行詞的關系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=why小注：關系副詞=介詞＋先行詞?關系副詞引導的定語從句

1.when指時間，在從句中做時間狀語

Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametotheschool.2.where指地點，在從句中做地點狀語

Shanghaiisthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.3.why指原因，在從句中做原因狀語

Pleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoumissedtheplane.

關系副詞=“介詞+關系代詞”介詞+關系代詞的情況Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?注意介詞的位置變化！介詞+關系代詞的情況Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?注意介詞的位置變化！介詞+關系代詞的情況Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?注意介詞的位置變化！介詞+關系代詞的情況Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×

Arethesetwosentencesright?可見：who、that不能用于介詞之后！介詞+關系代詞的情況4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?在固定短語中介詞不能提前！1.

Doyoulikethebook

shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook

shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook

shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook

sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope

hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,

standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.

onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhich介詞+關系代詞的情況練習注意：如何判斷介詞1、看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配2、看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配3、根據(jù)介詞與先行詞搭配eg.Hegavemesomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with二.非限制性定語從句3、ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.4、Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.1、Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.2、MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.形式作用能否省略關系詞限制性定語從句修飾限定不能可用THAT非限制性定語從句插入成分補充解釋能不可用THATPleasecompare:ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.分析兩種定語從句省略后的結果限制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，所以不能省略非限制性定語從句和單句的比較1.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.3.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×

that×Who/that?as引導的非限制性定語從句Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisroundwhich/as

Asas具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected定語從句在句首時只能用as,as和which一樣可以代表前面的整個句子as引導的限制性定語從句(1)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.Pleasecompare:這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書就是我丟的那本。as引導的限制性定語從句(2)Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatPleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:asthat這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句)這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結果狀語從句)一、看先行詞二、看先行詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞秩?關系詞的選擇（重點）1.Theman_______cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl__________________ImetisLucy.()3.Achild__________parentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook____________youboughtyesterday.()主語who賓語(that/who/whom)定語whose賓語(that/which)5.Iliketheperson___________youjusttalked.()

6.Weshallneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.()7.Weshallneverthedays_____welivedtogether.()

介賓towhom賓語(that)狀語when三.關系詞的選擇（練習）e.g.8.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when9.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,______forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when三.關系詞的選擇（練習）四.難點分析一）區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1定語從句和先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句補充說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容.2．定語從句的關系詞在句中充當成分，有時可??；同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中不做成分；也可由when,where,how,why,whether,what等詞引導，充當成分3.同位語從句和先行詞一般可用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句(1)Thenews(that)hetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.定語同位語定語同位語二）區(qū)分where引導的定語從句和狀語從句Where前面有被修飾的地點名詞時，是定語從句，否則是狀語從句。1.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions.2.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.五.定語從句高考考點分析（一）關系代詞在從句中做主語時，謂語的單復數(shù)由先行詞決定eg.1.Themanwho_____(live)downstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.2.Thestudentswho_____(be)inGrade3aregoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.

3.Heisoneofthestudentswho_______(have)finishedthehomework.4.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentsWho______(have)finishedthehomework.livesare

havehas1.當先行詞是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時,如:all,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等（二）只能用that做關系代詞的情況2.當先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修飾時3.當人和物合做先行詞時4.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時5.在疑問詞who、which、what開頭的句子中1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthevery

thing_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat在非限制性定語從句中（三）只用which不用that的情況在介詞后面先行詞是整個分句e.g.

1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Azooisaparkin_____manykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itthat,which,whose,whomorwho?1.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_______

madeothersupset.2.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_______

sataboy.3.Themanto_______Ispokeisafamousscientist.4.Theboy_______

motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.whichwhich

whomwhose

（四）先行詞是theway時(1)Theway(inwhich/that)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.注意下面?zhèn)z個句子的不同，(1)Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(2)Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedittouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.歷屆高考英語定語從句試題精選(1)`1．Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheotherunhappy.(2000)A．who

B．which

C．this

D．what

2.---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?---Right,justtheone___youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(FUJIAN05)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what3.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,____thesailingtimewas226days.(GX04)A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich歷屆高考英語定語從句試題精選(2)4.____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(JS04)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As5.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen6.York,____lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisitedDDBCorrectthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.^^__(去掉)which____totheoneCorrectthesentences:5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhen____that/which^^Correctthesentences:8.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.9.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.10.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.11.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.____

that____that

____whyit____Correctthesentences:12.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.13.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.14.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.as______________giveswhyCorrectthesentences:15.Itistheonlyoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.16.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.17.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.18.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.that_________hasAsthat________Correctthesentences:19.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.20.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.21.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.22.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis.as_____whose____that___on____定語從句高考點例析Haveatry指出關系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主語賓語定語賓語Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.()6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.()定語介賓賓語狀語考點一：that和which以下情況，引導詞用that，不用which。1.先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時，用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.考點一：that和which3.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thelast修飾時，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行詞同時指人和指物時，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.定語從句內(nèi)容為解釋名詞的性質(zhì)、概念時，需用that。e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.考點二：連接詞which的用法Which引導非限定性定語從句，其先行詞可是一個詞,也可是整個主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it

BB考點三：介詞+關系代詞****

“of+which/whom”可用來限定名詞、代詞、分數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞等。e.g.1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____________shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.whichDD關系代詞前介詞的確定1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系，請體會：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣，請體會：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.關系代詞前介詞的確定4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞+of+關系代詞”的結構，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.關系代詞前的介詞的確定5.Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“

of+關系代詞”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.

Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.Canyouworkthemout????????Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?foraboutonwithout考點四:關系副詞的運用在限定性和非限定性從句中，when的先行詞是時間名詞，where的先行詞是地點名詞，分別在定語從句中做狀語。e.g.1.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,______forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when

BD考點五：as與which引導的定語從句兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as。1.關系代詞引導的定語從句居句首時。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.當與such或thesame連用時，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.GoonPlease!3.當從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反之則用which。e.g.

Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.

Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.Goonplease!4.as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,

aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.Correctthesentence