初一英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專題

A.Slimandtall.B.Shortandstrong.A.Slimandtall.B.Shortandstrong.C.Tallandstrong.D.Thinandtall.閱讀理解專題閱讀短文,回答問(wèn)題Whatsportdoyoulikebest?Daniel:Ilikebasketballbest.IoftenwatchNBA.Iplaybasketballeveryday.Iamshort,butIamstrong.Iamagoodbasketballplayerinourschool.Lucy:Ping-pingismyfavouritesport.IamaChineseandChineseping-pongplayersarethebestintheworld.Iwanttobeagoodping-pongplayertoo.Ioftenplayiteveryafternoon.Tom:Iamtallandstrong.Ilikefootballbest.Myfatherisafootballplayer.Ioftenwatchmyfatherplayfootball.Myfatheroftenteachesmetoplayfootball.Iplaywithmyfatherandothersintheparkeveryday.()1.WhatsportdoesDaniellike?()1.WhatsportdoesDaniellike?FootballB.Basketball()2.Wholikesfootballbest?A.DanielB.Tom()3.WhatdoesTom'sfatherdo?A.Ateacher.B.Adoctor.()4.WhendoesLucyoftenplayping-pong?A.Everymorning.B.Everyafternoon.()5.WhichofthefollowingisRIGHT?C.Ping-pongD.SwimmingC.LucyD.NobodyC.Apoliceman.D.Afootballplayer.C.Everyevening.D.Attheweekend.A.Danielistall.C.Tomisthin.A.Danielistall.C.Tomisthin.D.Thepassage(文章)isaboutfavouritesportsBHi!MynameisMillie.IamfromEngland.Iamtwelveyearsold.Iamslimandtall.Ihavelonghair.Ilikemusic.Ilistentomusiceveryevening.IlikereadingandIamintheReadingClub.ButIdon'tlikesports.Hello!IamPeterfromAmerica.ButIliveinShanghainow.Iam13yearsold.Iwearglasses.Iamtallandstrong.Myhairisveryshort.Ilikesportsverymuch.Everyafternoon,Iplayfootballontheplaygroundatschool.Iamgoodatswimmingtoo.ThisisAmy.IwasborninBeijingandnowIliveinNanjing.MyfatherworksinahospitalinNanjing.Sowecomehere.Iamfourteenyearsold.Iamshortbutstrong.Ilikeplayingcomputergames.Iampoliteandhelpful.Ioftenhelpotherstudents.C.FourteenD.FifteenC.BeijingD.NanjingC.SimonD.AmyC.Apoliceman.D.Acook.()6.HowoldisMillie?A.TwelveB.Thirteen()7.WheredoesAmycomefrom?A.EnglandB.America()8.Whowearsapairofglasses?A.MillieB.Peter()9.WhatdoesAmy'sfatherdo?A.Ateacher.B.Adoctor.()10.WhatisPeterlike?閱讀理解所選短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉及科學(xué)知識(shí)、社會(huì)文化、政治歷史、人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面,常見(jiàn)題型有主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、猜測(cè)詞義題和正誤判斷題。一、閱讀理解的應(yīng)試策略提高英語(yǔ)閱讀水平并非一朝一夕所能奏效的。要想具有較高的閱讀水平，考生就必須具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，相當(dāng)數(shù)量的詞匯，淵博的背景知識(shí)，過(guò)硬的專業(yè)知識(shí)以及較高的分析能力、認(rèn)識(shí)能力和邏輯思維能力等。這就要求我們除了掌握好語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外，還必須經(jīng)常大量閱讀各種體裁、題材的英語(yǔ)讀物，如《英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)報(bào)》、《英語(yǔ)沙龍》、《英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)》等報(bào)刊上的文章。每天要根據(jù)自己的情況盡可能地多讀幾篇，這樣長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持下去，詞匯量會(huì)得到擴(kuò)大，知識(shí)面能得到拓寬，閱讀速度也會(huì)逐步加快，語(yǔ)言感受能力將會(huì)增強(qiáng)，因而閱讀水平也會(huì)隨之提高。二、閱讀理解的應(yīng)試技巧應(yīng)該指出的是，應(yīng)付測(cè)試不是閱讀理解的目的，只有通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的練習(xí)和積極思考才能真正提高閱讀能力，但應(yīng)試技巧可以幫助考生增加自信心，并在一定程度上提高考試成績(jī)。下面的臨場(chǎng)應(yīng)考技巧僅供參考。1、如果文長(zhǎng)題少，則以略讀的方式先讀一遍，而后帶著問(wèn)題去查閱，求得要找的答案。2、如果文短題多，則應(yīng)先仔細(xì)閱讀該短文，再去做題。遇到某個(gè)題答不來(lái)時(shí)，可帶著該問(wèn)題去查閱有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。3、如果問(wèn)的是一段文章的中心思想，則應(yīng)重點(diǎn)讀段首句和段未句，看是否有主題句。有時(shí)主題句可能位于段中，也有的段落無(wú)明顯的主題句，那就要自己分析、歸納中心思想。4、如果問(wèn)題要求解答案數(shù)字、人名、地名、時(shí)間等，則可直接用查閱的方法來(lái)尋求答案三、常見(jiàn)題型的剖析（一）主旨題主旨題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開(kāi)，主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一句或最后一句。（二）細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)設(shè)題。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等，閱讀時(shí)要有針對(duì)性。（三）推斷題

推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù)比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。（四）猜測(cè)詞義題猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見(jiàn)過(guò)的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過(guò)閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞（女口because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等）表示前因后果。例如：Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault.通過(guò)for引丨出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的錯(cuò)），可猜出blame的詞義是”責(zé)備"。通過(guò)同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過(guò)同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happyandgay，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過(guò)程中使用的同義詞，如口ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，Mars，andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.此句中的Venus（金星）、Mars（火星）、Jupiter（木星）均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。通過(guò)反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)，如：Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根據(jù)notatall...handsome我們不難推測(cè)出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜詞在閱讀文章時(shí)，我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來(lái)推斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，這些問(wèn)題便不難解決了。通過(guò)定義或釋義關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義例如□:Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought，由此可見(jiàn)drought意思為"久旱"，”旱災(zāi)"。而adryperiod和drought是同義語(yǔ)。這

種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折號(hào)等來(lái)表示。通過(guò)句法功能來(lái)推測(cè)詞義例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas■假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來(lái)判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，是菠蘿和椰子。通過(guò)描述猜詞描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly，itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥(niǎo)類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥(niǎo)類的生活習(xí)性。(五)正誤判斷題正誤判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的具體事實(shí)、信息的理解能力。一般是根據(jù)文章的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，給出一個(gè)句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對(duì)較小。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)先看題，后帶著“問(wèn)題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。閱讀短文，回答問(wèn)題CMynameisRachel.IamastudentinToronto,Canada.Itisthesecondlargestcountryinsizeintheworld.EverydaymybrotherAndrewandIgotoschoolat9:00.1dislikegettingupat8:00inthemorning!Whenwefinallygetup,weneedtoeatbreakfastquicklyathomeandwalktoschool.AtschoolwelearnEnglishandFrench,becauseCanadianspeakEnglishandFrench.Ofcourse,wealsolearnhistory,art,scienceandmath.Mybrother'sfavouritespiosrftootball.ButIcan'tplayfootballatthsecrheooislnograssy—areaontheplayground.Schoolendsat3:30AndrewandIwalkbackhome.Ihavetodoalotofhomeworkfirst.AfterdinnerIcanrelax.Myfavoritehobbyisgoingforaboat-ridewithdad.SometimesIgotothepark.Ihopeyoucanenjoylearningaboutmylife.()11?isthesecondlargestintheworld.A.Canada'ssizeB.Canada'spopulationthenumberofthestudentsD.Canada'sfood()12.Rachelandhisbrothergotoschool.AintheschoolbusBintheirfather'scaCronfootDbybike()13?WhatlanguagedoesRachellearnatschool.AEnglishandscienceBEnglishandFrenchCFrenchandreadingDChineseandEnglish()14.Rachel'sbrotherlikesbest.AvolleyballBfootballCbaseballDbadminton

()15．Rachelhastofirstafterschool.AhelphismothercookBdohishomeworkCwatchTVwithhisbrotherDhavedinnerMostchildrenlikewatchingTV.It'sveryinteresting.BywatchingTVtheycanseeandlearlotandknowmanythingsabouttheircountryandtheworld.Ofcourse,theycanalsolearnontheradio.ButtheycanlearnbetterandmoreeasilywithTV.Why?Becausetheycanhearandwatchatthesametime.Buttheycan'tseeanythingontheradio.TVhelpstoopenchildren'seyes.TVhelpstoopenthei思rm維in)ds，(too.Theylearnnewerandbetterwaysofdoingthings.Theymayfindtheworldisnowsmallerthanbefore.ManychildrenwatchTVonlyonSaturdayorSundayevening.Theyarealwaysbusywiththeirlessons.ButafewchildrenwatchTVeverynight.Theygotobedverylate.Theycanagoodrest.Howaboutyouandyourfriends?TOC\o"1-5"\h\z()16．Afewchildrengotobedlatebecausethey.arebusywiththeirlessonsB.dotheirhomeworkC.watchTVD.listentotheradio()17．Childrencan'heradioB.ontheradioC.onTVD.bywatchingTV()18．TVhelpstoopenchildren'seyesandmindsB.mindsC.eyesorearsD.eyes()19．ManychildrenwatchTVonlyon.SaturdayorSundayB.SaturdayorSundayeveningC.SaturdayeveningD.Sundayevening()20．ChildrencanstudybetterandmoreeasilywithTVbecauseA.theyliketowatchTV.theycanhearatthesametimetheycanwatchatthesametimetheycanlistentoandseesomethingatthesametimeEFishandchips,andChinesetake-awayfood(熟食)areverypopularinEngland.ButtheyarelesspopularintheUSA.IntheUSA,theyeattake-awayfood,too,likefriedchicken.Butthemostpopularkindoftake-awayfoodishamburgers.Itlookslikebreadwithmeatinit.Hamburgersaredelicious.Theyareverypopularintheworld.Chinesefoodhasdifferenttastesandisusuallyverydelicious.It'salsoverypopularintheworld.()21．What'sthefavouritefoodintheUSA?A.Hamburgers.B.Fishandchips(A.Hamburgers.B.Fishandchips(

)22．Whatdoesthehamburgerlooklike?A.Itlookslikeamooncake.C.Itlookslikebreadwithmeatinit.C.Friedchicken.D.Take-awayfood.Itlookslikeasausages(香腸).Itlookslikeabanana.()23．Whichfoodhasdifferenttastesandisusuallyverydelicious?A.Englishfood.B.Americanfood.C.Chinesefood.D.Frenchfood.()24．ArefishandchipsandChinesetake-awayfoodverypopularintheUSA?A.Yes,theyare.B.No,theyaren'tC.Yes,theywere.D.No,theyweren't.()25．Whodoyouthinklikeshamburgersbest?A.TheoldB.Children.C.MostoftheD.課后練習(xí)閱讀短文,回答問(wèn)題Tomlikesfishverymuch.Heoftenbuyssomefishintheshopandtakesithome.Butwhenhiswifeseesthefish,shesaystoherself,"Good!Icanaskmyfriendstohavelunch,andwecaneatthefish.Theylikefishverymuch,too."SowhenTomcomeshomeintheevening,thefishisnotthereandhiswifealwayssays,"Oh,yourcateatsit"AndshegivesTomsomebreadforhissupper.Tomisveryangry.Hetakesthecatandhiswifetotheshopnearhishouseandweighsthecat.Thenheturnstohiswifeandsays,"Myfishweighsonekilo.Thiscatweighsone,too.Myfishishere,yousee,butthenwhereismycat?"WheredoesTomoftenbuyfish?A.intheshopB.athomeC.inaschoolD.fromhiswifeeatthefish.A.TomB.TomandhiswifeC.ThecatD.Tom'swifeandherfriendsWhatdoesTomhaveforsupper?A.SomebreadB.ThefishC.SomericeandthefishD.SomefruitandchickenWhatdoestheunderlinedword”weighs”meaninChinese?A.批評(píng)B.稱重C.宰殺D.驅(qū)逐Whichofthefollowingisright?Tomdoesn'tlikefish.Tom'swifeeatsthefishwithTomathome.Tomdoesn'thavelunchathome.Tomcan'tfindthecat.BHarryiseightyearsold.Hegoestoschoolnearhishome.Healwaysgoesthereandcomeshomeonfoot.Onedayhecamehomefromschoollate.Hismothersawhimandaskedhim,"Whywereyoulate,Harry?""Myteacherwasveryangryandaskedyoutogotoherofficetomorrow.""Toheroffice?Why?"hismotherasked."Becausesheaskedaquestionintheclass."saidHarry."Nobodycouldanswerit,butIcould.""Youaresoclever,myson."hismothersaidwithasmile."Whatisherquestion?"Herquestionis"Whoputthetomatoonmychairandmademytrousersdirty?"saidHarry.cananswertheteacher'squestioninclass.A.NobodyB.HarryC.ManystudentsD.SomestudentsTheteacheraskedHarry'smothertogotoschoolbecause.A.HarryiseightB.HarrygoestoschoolonfootHarry'shomeisnearD.HarrymadeherangryTheteacher'strousersweredirtybecause.A.shesatonthedeskB.itwasraininghardC.shesatonthetomatoD.shehadthemforalongtimeCWhenyouarereadingsomethinginEnglish,youmayoftencomeacrossanewword.What'sthebestwaytoknowit?YouneedanEnglish-Chinesedictionary（字典）.Itwilltellyoualotabouttheword,forexample（例如）,howtoreadthisword,whatitmeansinChineseandhowtousethisword.ButtherearesomanyEnglishwordsinthedictionaryandhowcanyouknowwherethewordis?Thereisawaytolookforit.hourInthedictionaryyoucanfirstseethewordsbeginningwiththeletterA,thenB,C,D,Emeans,iftherearetwowords,“desk”and“hour”,“desk”willbebefore“Sunday”“,tomatob”efore“tomorrowe”tc.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionarywillbeyourgoodfriend.IhopeyouwilloftenuseitinyourEnglishlearning.hourWhenyoudon'tknowanewword,thebestwayaccordingtothepassage（短文）isA.toaskyourteacherB.toguessC.toaskyourfriendsD.touseadictionaryWhatdoes“comeacross”意思me）ain（Chineseinthepassage?TOC\o"1-5"\h\zItmeans.A.遇到B?撞倒C.越過(guò)D.過(guò)來(lái)Herearefourwords,“face”,“autumn”,“film”and“April”.Theirrightorder（次序）intheEnglish-Chinesedictionaryis.A.April,autumn,face,filmB.film,face,April,autumnC.face,film,April,autumnD.April,face,film,autumnThispassageisabout.howtouset