名師指津2016高三英語(yǔ)(人教版)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：必修1-Unit4

話(huà)題4：自然災(zāi)害名師指津基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)1.____________n.

地震2._______n.

管；導(dǎo)管3._______n.

事件；大事4._______n.

運(yùn)河；水道5._______n.

磚；磚塊brickearthquakepipeeventcanal6.__________n.

掩蔽處；避身處7.__________n.

要點(diǎn)；大綱；輪廓8.__________n.

災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍9.__________vt.

埋葬；掩埋；隱藏10._________vi.(burst,burst)爆發(fā)burstshelteroutlinedisasterbury11.__________adj.

極度的12.__________adv.

真誠(chéng)地;真摯地13.__________n.

廢墟vt.毀滅14.__________vt.

表示;表達(dá)n.快車(chē)15.__________n.

裁判員;vt.斷定judgeextremesincerelyruinexpress(A)單詞派生二、單詞拓展1.________n.礦，礦山

________n.

礦工2.__________v.

判斷

__________n.

判斷；辨別力judgmentmineminerjudge3.________vt.

損害;傷害

________n.

損害;傷害

________adj.受傷的4._____________v.

祝賀;恭喜

_____________n.

祝賀;(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞congratulationinjureinjuryinjuredcongratulate5.___________adj.

電的;導(dǎo)電的

___________n.

電;電流;電學(xué)

___________adj.與電有關(guān)的6.___________v.(使)驚嚇

___________adj.

受驚的;受恐嚇的

___________adj.

令人恐懼的frighteningelectricelectricityelectricalfrightenfrightened1.Twoplayersareoutoftheteambecauseof_______.(injure)介詞后要接名詞。2.Mypersonal___________isthatheistoblame.(judge)形容詞后接名詞構(gòu)成名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)。judgementinjury3.Ithinkitisdangerousfor______(mine)toworkinsuchterribleconditions.miners意為“礦工”。4.His__________(frighten)eyesmadetheboyfeel___________.5.Bobleftmehis________(electric)fanbeforehewenttoLondon.形容詞修飾后面的名詞。frighteningfrightenedelectric感到恐懼的令人恐懼的1.____________立刻;馬上2.__________________許多;大量的3.____________結(jié)束;終結(jié)4.____________嚴(yán)重受損;成為廢墟三、短語(yǔ)翻譯inruinsrightawaya(great)numberofatanend5.__________掘出;發(fā)現(xiàn)6.__________仿佛;好像7.__________代替8.__________像往常一樣asusualdigoutasifinsteadof9._____________被困住,被套住10.____________橫切11.____________三分之二12.______________災(zāi)害侵襲的地區(qū)disaster-hitareasbetrappedcutacross

twothirds

四、語(yǔ)篇填空

At3:42a.m.everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometres1_______(direct)belowthecity,the2________(great)earthquakeofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,3______ismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.directly

greatestwhichSteamburstfromholes4___theground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecity5____(lie)inruins.Thesufferingofthepeople6______(be)extreme.Two-thirdsofthemdied7___wereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmany8________(child)wereleftwithoutparents.

inlay

was

or

children9_____numberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshan.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard10_______(get).Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.

Thetoget1.directly修飾介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞，意為“正好”在這座城市下面。2.greatest

前有the，后有ofthe20thcentury表示范圍，可以確定用最高級(jí)。3.which

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞是Beijing。4.in

說(shuō)地上有洞，其實(shí)是地里有洞，故用in；類(lèi)似的墻上有洞，也用in。5.lay

由上下文中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，lie的過(guò)去時(shí)是lay。lieinruins成為廢墟。6.was主語(yǔ)是Thesuffering(痛苦)，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填was。7.or

指死了“或者”受傷。8.children

受many修飾要用復(fù)數(shù)。9.The

從后面的數(shù)字看是指“數(shù)量”，表示“……的數(shù)量”用thenumberof。10.toget

在作表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞后只能用不定式作狀語(yǔ)。五、語(yǔ)段改錯(cuò)Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakesthearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelpingtherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandspeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosethatweretrappedandtoburythedead.ofhelpwhoTothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minersarerescuedfromthecoalmineshere.Workersbuiltshelterstosurvivorswhosehomehadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybythetrain,truckandplane.Slow,thecitybegantobreathagain.breathehomesthereSlowlyforwere1.helping

→help

作目的狀語(yǔ)用不定式(todo)。2.在people前加of

表示具體幾千人不用of，thousand也不用復(fù)數(shù)，如threethousandpeople；表示數(shù)以千計(jì)的人，thousands后要加of。3.that→who

當(dāng)先行詞是指人的those時(shí)，只能用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。4.are→were

由上下文謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可知，用過(guò)去時(shí)。5.here→there

指這座城市北面的煤礦“那里”。6.to→for

表示“為某人”造庇護(hù)所/房子，用forsb.。7.home→homes

由前面的shelters和survivors可知，用復(fù)數(shù)。8.去掉by后的the

用by表示“乘”車(chē)/船/飛機(jī)等，習(xí)慣上說(shuō)bybus/train/boat/plane，不用冠詞。9.Slow→Slowly

位于句首，修飾全句，用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。10.breath→breathe

表示開(kāi)始做某事是begintodosth.，故名詞breath要改為動(dòng)詞breathe。重點(diǎn)詞匯講練原句

Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.城市里,一些大樓的水管破裂了。(B1P26)1.burstv.爆裂;突發(fā)例句

Theballoonsuddenlyburst.氣球突然爆炸了。burstin闖進(jìn)來(lái)；突然插嘴burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughing放聲大笑burstintotears=burstoutcrying放聲大哭搭配⑵Whenwewerechattingintheroom,heburst___.運(yùn)用

填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。⑴Theaudienceburst____cheers.⑶Asshewastalking,theoldmanburst____cryingwithexcitement.outintoin2.injure

vt.

傷害，使受傷，損害例句

Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.三分之二的人在這次地震中死去或受傷。理解說(shuō)出下列各句的漢語(yǔ)意思。⑴

Heinjuredhiskneeyesterday.⑵

IhopeIdidn’tinjureherfeelings.⑶

Dishonestinjuresabusiness.欺騙有害生意。他昨天傷了膝蓋。我希望我沒(méi)有傷害她的感情。3.destroyvt.

破壞；毀壞；消滅(damagesth.sobadlythatitcannotberepairedoritnolongerexists，works，etc.)例句

Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.

無(wú)論人們朝哪里看，哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。⑴destroy強(qiáng)烈摧毀，無(wú)法或難以修復(fù)；毀掉(名譽(yù)、希望、計(jì)劃等)。如：Thehousesweredestroyedbyafire.房屋被火災(zāi)所毀。⑵ruin(逐漸)徹底毀滅；弄壞(美好經(jīng)歷或有用物)。如：Oxfordhasbeenruinedbythemotorindustry.牛津城已經(jīng)被汽車(chē)工業(yè)毀掉了。辨析

destroy，ruin&damage⑶damage可修復(fù)的部分損壞或損害，指其價(jià)值或功能等降低。Theymanagedtorepairthehousesthathadbeendamaged.他們?cè)O(shè)法修復(fù)了受到破壞的房屋。運(yùn)用用上述詞填空，并譯成漢語(yǔ)。⑴Whathesaid__________ourlasthope.⑵Shepouredwaterallovermypainting,and_______it.⑶Herheartwasslightly__________asaresultofherlongillness.由于生病，她的心臟輕微受損。(功能降低)destroyed他說(shuō)的話(huà)摧毀了我們最后的希望。ruined她把水全倒在了我的畫(huà)上，把畫(huà)毀了。(有用物被糟蹋)damaged4.shock

v.(使)震驚；震動(dòng)n.

休克；打擊；震驚例句

Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.井里滿(mǎn)是沙子而不是水了，人們驚呆了。用法作n.表示“令人震驚的事”時(shí)，前用a。派生

________adj.(人)感到震驚的

________adj.(事)令人震驚的shockingshocked翻譯聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，我十分震驚。（一句多譯）a.I___________tohearthenews.b.I______________thenews.c.___________metohearthenews.d.Thenews_______ashock.gavemewasshockedwasshockedatItshocked5.rescue

n.&vt.

援救；營(yíng)救(save…fromharmordanger；setfree)例句

Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。搭配rescue…from…從……中搶救或營(yíng)救……go/cometoone’srescue援救或幫助某人

rescuework/workers搶救工作/救援人員⑴rescue多指在直接的危險(xiǎn)或禍患中給予迅速和有效的救援，較save更能表達(dá)拯救的緊迫性，一般指救人；它還有從監(jiān)禁中救出的意思。⑵

save指通過(guò)救援不但使受害者(人或物)能脫離危險(xiǎn)或禍患，而且使其能保存下來(lái)，有時(shí)可與rescue通用。從某種狀態(tài)中把某人拯救出來(lái)多用save。辨析

rescue&save

運(yùn)用用rescue或save填空,并說(shuō)明理由。⑴只有社會(huì)主義才能救中國(guó)。Onlysocialismcan_____China.⑵救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。Thelifeboatwassentoutto________thesailorsfromthesinkingship.saverescue指從狀態(tài)中拯救出，多用save。從危險(xiǎn)中拯救，拯救的緊迫性，用rescue更好。⑶消防隊(duì)員行動(dòng)及時(shí)，該建筑物才免遭焚毀。Thequickactionofthefiremen_______thebuildingfrombeingburneddown.saved救的對(duì)象是物，多用save。6.trap

vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境運(yùn)用他們被困在發(fā)生火災(zāi)的旅館里。They_____________theburninghotel.weretrappedin7.lie/beinruins

成為廢墟例句

Thewholebuildinglayinruinsafteraterribleearthquake.整棟大樓在一次可怕的地震后變成廢墟。翻譯暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)后，他的房子已成廢墟。聯(lián)想fallintoruin完全毀掉；坍塌；破敗不堪Afterthestorm,hishouselayinruins.原句

Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.因?yàn)榈卣鹗窃谌藗兯X(jué)的時(shí)候發(fā)生的,所以造成了這么多的人死亡。(B1P27)8.agreatnumberof

許多,大量

例句

Ihavealargenumberofletterstoanswer.我有許多信要回。比較a(great，large)numberof(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)許多;thenumberof(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)……的數(shù)目。前者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；后者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberofthepeopleinvitedtotheparty_____(be)50lastnight,butanumberofthem_____(be)absentfordifferentreasons.1運(yùn)用

用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。waswere寫(xiě)作句型仿寫(xiě)原句

Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!世界似乎到了末日!(B1P26)1.Itseemsasif…

看上去好像……;似乎……例句

Itseemedasif

theskywouldfalldown.似乎天要塌下來(lái)了。仿寫(xiě)看上去好像除了我之外別人都知道。______________________________exceptme.說(shuō)明

其中asif可用asthough替代

Itseemsasifeverybodyknowsit原句

Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人們無(wú)論朝哪里看,那里的一切都幾乎被毀了。(B1P26)2.Everywhere…無(wú)論哪里……(=wherever)例句

Everywhere

shegoes,shewillreceivewarmwelcome.無(wú)論她走到哪,她都會(huì)受到熱烈歡迎。仿寫(xiě)

無(wú)論他走到哪兒,我都會(huì)找到他。__________________,Iwillfindhim.Everywherehegoes例句

All

studentscannotgotokeyuniversityaftertheygraduatefrommiddleschool.不是所有的學(xué)生中學(xué)畢業(yè)后都能上重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。3.all...not=notall...并非都……原句

Allhopewasnot

lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。(B1P26)仿寫(xiě)并不是每個(gè)人都像你那么自私。

說(shuō)明

all,both,each,always,every及every的合成詞與not連用時(shí)表部分否定。_____________isasselfishasyou.Noteveryone原句

Thechickensandeventhepigswere

toonervoustoeat.雞甚至豬也太緊張了以至于不吃東西了。4.too+adj./adv.+(forsb.)todosth.

太……以至于不……例句

Themanis

too

honestto

playatricklikethat.這個(gè)人很誠(chéng)實(shí),不會(huì)搞那樣的惡作劇的。說(shuō)明在以下三種情況下，此結(jié)構(gòu)是肯定意義：⑴當(dāng)形容詞是表心情的