高級(jí)英語第一冊(cè)-Unit10

*of

13TheTrialthatRockedtheWorldFigureofSpeech

Hyperbole

Thetrailthatrockedtheworld（Title）

夸張01移就

Transferred

epithetTransferredepithetisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet(anadjectiveordescriptivephrase)istransferredfromnounitshouldrightlymodifytoanothertowhichitdoesnotreallybelong.將本應(yīng)該用來修飾某一類名詞的修飾語用來修飾另一類名詞

Transferred

epithet“Don’tworry,son,we’llshowthemafewtricks.”Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderaswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen.(Para.2)02就在我們靜候著法庭開審的時(shí)候，達(dá)羅關(guān)切地?fù)ё∥业募绨虻吐暟参康溃骸皠e擔(dān)心，孩子，我們會(huì)給他們點(diǎn)厲害瞧瞧?！狈g移就Classification

Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderaswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen.reassuring屬于描寫人的表述詞語，移來描寫人體的一部分，說明某種行為動(dòng)作，使之帶上人的情感。

Darrowwalkedslowlyroundthebakingcourt(Para.14)

達(dá)羅繞著那氣氛緊張、異常悶熱的法庭踱著步。

baking本來是指烤面包，所以作者在此移來說明另一具體事物court，描述法庭在審理這場震驚世界的審判時(shí)緊張而悶熱的氣氛。

adj.+sb.

——adj.+sth.adj.+something-adj.+anotherthing

adj.+sth.——adj.+sb.

He

is

not

an

easy

writer.

他是一個(gè)作品很難讀懂的作家。easy本來用于說明事物,即修飾作品而不是作家,作者在此移用來修飾人writer,aneasywriter等于awriterwhoseworksareeasytoread作品易懂的作家。2023/1/15Oxymoron03Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoiningoftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruoustermsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaosandproudhumility.

兩個(gè)互相矛盾，互不調(diào)和的詞放在同一個(gè)短語中，產(chǎn)生特殊的深刻含義的一種修辭手段。DudleyFieldMaloncalledmyconvictiona“victoriousdefeat”(Para.45)定義矛盾修飾體Oxymoron

adj.+udhumility驕傲的謙卑presentparticiple→adj.speakingsilence千言萬語的沉默pastparticiple→adj.long-liveddeath永生的死亡

adj.+adj.bitter-sweetmemories苦甜參半的回憶poorrichguys貧窮的富人coldpleasantmanner冷淡熱情的態(tài)度badgoodnews壞的好消息

adv.+adj.awiselystupididea自作聰明的傻主意amercifullyfatalblow仁慈的致命打擊Falselytruewords.虛偽誠實(shí)的話

adj.+udhumility驕傲的謙卑presentparticiple→adj.speakingsilence千言萬語的沉默pastparticiple→adj.long-liveddeath永生的死亡Antithesis

TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistbelievesthathemusthavecomefrombelow.(Para.20)基督徒相信人來自天上，進(jìn)化論者則認(rèn)為人一定是來自地下。04對(duì)照Pun

Oneshopannounced:DARWINISRIGHT—INSIDE.(Para.26)有家商店的招牌上寫道：達(dá)爾文：沒錯(cuò)——就在里面。05

句中Darwin既為此店老板的名字，又是科學(xué)家達(dá)爾文的名字。right既有“一直、正好”，也有“正確的”含義，故此句的字面意思是:“達(dá)爾文服裝店”，但此句也可理解為“達(dá)爾文學(xué)說是正確的”。雙關(guān)語ExampleJudge:Order!Order!Orderinthecourt!

Prisoner：I’lltakeahamsandwich（火腿三明治）onryewithbeer.

這是一則幽默笑話，作者利用order一詞的雙關(guān)，它既有秩序、肅靜之意，又可作“點(diǎn)菜”之解來制造幽默，法官在法庭上說order，是要犯人安靜，而犯人利用order也可作動(dòng)詞“點(diǎn)菜”的意思，故意搗亂，令人捧腹大笑，幽默感油然而生。

富蘭克林（BenjaminFranklin）有這樣一句名言:

Wemustallhangtogether，orweshallhangseparately.

這里hang一詞具有“團(tuán)結(jié)”和“吊死”的意思。富蘭克林用這樣精練的一句話告誡人們團(tuán)結(jié)的重要性——如果不團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，就可能會(huì)被一個(gè)個(gè)吊死。

Irony06Afterawhile,itisthesettingofmanagainstmanandcreedagainstcreeduntilwearemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthe16thcenturywhenbigotslightedfaggotstoburnthemenwhodaredtobringanyintelligenceandenlightenmentandculturetothehumanmind.(Para.14)Ironyisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisby。sayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.即通常所謂的說反話，正意反說，反意正說，常用于諷刺或嘲弄的場合要不了多久，社會(huì)上便會(huì)是一種人與人為仇，教派與教派為敵的局面，直到我們的社會(huì)大踏步地退回到十六世紀(jì)那光輝的年代，那時(shí)如果有誰膽敢給人類帶來智慧、知識(shí)和文化，就會(huì)被那些愚昧的偏執(zhí)狂們點(diǎn)燃柴堆活活燒死?！?/p>

definition反語反語Ridicule07Resolutelyhestrodetothestand,carryingapalmfanlikeaswordtorepelhisenemies.（Para.31)Bryanmoppedhisbalddomeinsilence.(Para35)Bryan,ageingandpaunchy,wasassistedbyhisson…(Para11)

譏諷譏諷unkinddescriptionsthatareintendedtomakesomeoneorsomethingseemstupid.definition

Sarcasm08對(duì)照1.Heisherebecauseignoranceandbigotryarerampant,anditisamightystrongcombination.(Para13)2.“Hesaidmanhadreasoningpower.”“Thereissomedoubtaboutthat,”Darrowsnorted.SynecdocheThecasehaderuptedroundmyhead.(Para.3)09提喻atypeofmetaphorinwhichthepartstandsforthewhole,thewholeforapart,thegenusforthespecies,thespeciesforthegenus,thematerialforthethingmade,orinshort,anyportion,section,ormainqualityforthewholeorthethingitself(orviceversa).Metonymy

1....tomorrowthemagazines,thebooks,thenewspapers...(Para14)2.TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove....(Para20)3.TheOldcount’sfloormightcollapseundertheweight(Para29)10

atypeofmetaphorinwhichthepartstandsforthewhole,thewholeforapart,thegenusforthespecies,thespeciesforthegenus,thematerialforthethingmade,orinshort,anyportion,section,ormainqualityforthewholeorthethingitself(orviceversa).定義轉(zhuǎn)喻Simile

1....sweptthearenalikeaprairiefire(para22)2....apalmfanslikeasword...（para31)3.Theoratoricalstormsweptlikeafreshwindthroughtheschool(para48)11明喻Metaphor

1.MycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsintheU.S.history.（para9)2.Hethunderedinhissonorousorgantones.(para21）3.Thechampionhadnotscorchedtheinfidelswiththebreathofhisoratoryasheshouldhave.（para22)12暗喻Para11.Inatrial…Darrowwasaagnostic,MaloneaCatholicandHaysaJew

:

Fromthemake-upofthelegalcounselforthedefense,wecouldseethatprobablytheywerepeoplemorebroad-mindedandmoreobjectiveintheirlook.You’vegotsomebodynotbelievinginGod,you’vegotsomebodywhowasaCatholicandyou’vegotsomebodywhowasaJew.

Para3.Thefundamentalistsadheredto（堅(jiān)持，忠于）

aliteral（adj.逐字的）

interpretationoftheOldTestament（舊約全書）

.Themodernists,ontheotherhand,acceptedthetheoryadvancedbyCharlesDarwin(查爾斯﹒達(dá)爾文)—thatallanimallife,includingmonkeysandmen,hadevolved（v.發(fā)展，進(jìn)化）

fromacommonancestor.adhereto—believein,followdevotedly堅(jiān)持，擁護(hù)，追隨

原教旨主義者頑固地按字面意義去理解《舊約全書》，而現(xiàn)代主義者則接受查爾斯﹒達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論思想——一切動(dòng)物，包括人和猿，都是由同一祖先進(jìn)化而來的。

(Para3)Foranumberofyearsaclashhadbeenbuildingup（醞釀）

betweenthefundamentalistsandthemodernists.

數(shù)年來，原教旨主義者和現(xiàn)代主義者之間的沖突一直在醞釀之中。Para:Theconflictbetweenthefundamentalists