手動(dòng)工具的安全使用-en

ConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS1手動(dòng)工具的安全使用

Tools–HandandPowerConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS2危險(xiǎn)

Hazards使用電動(dòng)工具的工作者可能接觸這些危險(xiǎn)：Workersusinghandandpowertoolsmaybeexposedtothesehazards:下落、打磨、或飛濺的物體objectsthatfall,fly,areabrasive,orsplash有害的灰塵，氣味、霧氣、蒸汽和其他有害氣體harmfuldusts,fumes,mists,vapors,andgases損壞的電線，危險(xiǎn)連接和不正確接地

frayedordamagedelectricalcords,hazardousconnectionsandimpropergroundingConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS3工具的基本安全規(guī)程

BasicToolSafetyRules定期維護(hù)Maintainregularly使用正確的工具Userighttoolforthejob在使用之前檢查Inspectbeforeuse根據(jù)制造商的說明書操作Operateaccordingtomanufacturers’instructions使用正確的個(gè)人防護(hù)用品(PPE)Usetherightpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)使用防護(hù)UseguardsConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS4手工工具危險(xiǎn)

HandToolHazards危險(xiǎn)通常是由誤用和不正確的維護(hù)造成的Hazardsareusuallycausedbymisuseandimpropermaintenance

不要使用

Donotuse:扳手，當(dāng)狹口變形時(shí)wrencheswhenjawsaresprung沖擊工具(鑿子和楔子)，當(dāng)上頭變蘑菇形時(shí)impacttools(chiselsandwedges)whenheadshavemushroomed不牢固，破裂或裂開手柄的工具

toolswithloose,crackedorsplinteredhandles把螺絲刀作為鑿子

ascrewdriverasachisel用膠帶包裹手柄的工具-可能有隱藏的破裂

toolswithtapedhandles–theymaybehidingcracks裂縫CrackConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS5手工工具-保護(hù)

HandTools-Protection使用個(gè)人防護(hù)用品，例如安全眼鏡和手套UsePPE,suchassafetygogglesandgloves保持地板表面沒有雜物導(dǎo)致絆倒或者滑倒的危險(xiǎn)

Keepfloorsurfacewhereworkingfreefromdebrisandtrippingorslippinghazards保持切割工具鋒利

KeepcuttingtoolssharpConstructionSafetyTraining6電動(dòng)工具

PowerTools必須有防護(hù)和保險(xiǎn)開關(guān)Mustbefittedwithguardsandsafetyswitches不正確使用是非常危害的

Extremelyhazardouswhenusedimproperly不同的類型，由他們的動(dòng)力源決定：

Differenttypes,determinedbytheirpowersource:電Electric氣動(dòng)Pneumatic液體燃料Liquidfuel水壓Hydraulic火藥驅(qū)動(dòng)Powder-actuatedConstructionSafetyTraining7開關(guān)

Switches手持式電動(dòng)工具必須具備以下之一：Hand-heldpowertoolsmustbeequippedwithoneofthefollowing:非自保持的開關(guān)-通過釋放來切斷電源

Constantpressureswitchshutsoffpoweruponrelease例如：圓形鋸，鏈條鋸，研磨機(jī)，手扶的電鉆

Examples:circularsaw,chainsaw,grinder,hand-heldpowerdrill手動(dòng)自鎖開關(guān)

On-OffSwitch例如：鏤銑機(jī)，電刨，層壓制品修邊機(jī)，剪床，夾具鋸，步?jīng)_輪廓機(jī)，鋼絲鋸

Examples:routers,planers,laminatetrimmers,shears,jigsaws,nibblers,scrollsawsConstructionSafetyTraining8電動(dòng)工具-防護(hù)措施

PowerTools-Precautions當(dāng)不使用，維修和清洗之前和更換輔件時(shí)給工具斷電，

Disconnecttoolswhennotinuse,beforeservicingandcleaning,andwhenchangingaccessories保持未介入工作的人員遠(yuǎn)離工作

Keeppeoplenotinvolvedwiththeworkawayfromthework用夾具或臺鉗固定，用兩只手操作工具

Secureworkwithclampsoravise,freeingbothhandstooperatethetool當(dāng)拿一把通電的工具時(shí)，不要握著開關(guān)按鈕Don’tholdtheswitchbuttonwhilecarryingaplugged-intool保持工具鋒利和干凈Keeptoolssharpandclean注意自我的穿著-寬松的衣服和首飾可能被運(yùn)動(dòng)中的機(jī)件碰到

Considerwhatyouwear–looseclothingandjewelrycangetcaughtinmovingparts不用損壞的電動(dòng)工具并加以標(biāo)示：“禁止使用”

Removedamagedelectrictools&tagthem:“DoNotUse”ConstructionSafetyTraining9電動(dòng)工具-防護(hù)措施

PowerTools–Precautions電線ElectricCords拿手提工具時(shí)不要只拿電線Don’tcarryportabletoolsbythecord不要用電線提起或放下工具Don’tuseelectriccordstohoistorlowertools拔插頭時(shí)不要猛拉電線Don’tyankcordorhosetodisconnectit保持電線遠(yuǎn)離熱、油和鋒利的邊緣Keepcordsandhosesawayfromheat,oil,andsharpedgesConstructionSafetyTraining10要保護(hù)工作者不被電擊，這些工具必須：

Toprotectaworkerfromshock,thesetoolsmust:三芯線的接地插頭插入一個(gè)接地的插座havea3-wirecordpluggedintoagroundedreceptacle雙層絕緣的bedoubleinsulated,or電動(dòng)工具

ElectricPowerTools雙層絕緣標(biāo)志Doubleinsulatedmarkings有接地腳的插頭PlugwithagroundingpinConstructionSafetyTraining11電動(dòng)工具-正確的使用

ElectricTools–GoodPractices操作在設(shè)計(jì)極限內(nèi)Operatewithindesignlimits使用手套和防護(hù)鞋

Useglovesandsafetyshoes存放在干燥場所Storeinadryplace除非被許可不要在潮濕的地方使用Don’tuseinwetlocationsunlessapprovedforthat保持操作區(qū)域明亮

Keepworkareaswelllit保證線路沒有絆倒危險(xiǎn)Ensurecordsdon’tpresentatrippinghazardConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS12砂輪機(jī)等工具

AbrasiveWheelsandTools可能會飛出碎片

Maythrowoffflyingfragments裝備防護(hù)：

Equipwithguardsthat:軸末端、螺母和邊緣突出部分加蓋Coverthespindleend,nut,&flangeprojections適當(dāng)?shù)木S護(hù)校準(zhǔn)砂輪Maintainproperalignmentwiththewheel不要超出緊固件的強(qiáng)度

Don’texceedthestrengthofthefastenings防護(hù)，以盡量減少砂輪的暴露GuardsothataminimalamountofthewheelisexposedConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS13檢查砂輪

InspectingAbrasiveWheels

在安裝之前Beforemounting:檢查有無損傷

inspectcloselyfordamage做聲音試驗(yàn),確保沒有破裂和缺陷performsound-orring-testtoensurefreefromcracks/defects測試

Totest:用輕的非金屬工具輕打砂輪tapwheelgentlywithalight,non-metallicinstrument如果砂輪有破聲或沒聲，不要使用它，因?yàn)樗赡芤哑屏?，容易在使用中破損飛出ifwheelsoundscrackedordead,donotuseitbecauseitcouldflyapartConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS14使用砂輪

AbrasiveWheelUse防止破裂：

Topreventcracking:砂輪和軸能自由地安裝fitthewheelonthespindlefreely鎖緊軸和螺母使砂輪安裝到位，邊緣沒有變形tightenthespindlenutenoughtoholdthewheelinplacewithoutdistortingtheflange在研磨或切割前,讓工具達(dá)到正常速度

Letthetoolcomeuptospeedpriortogrindingorcutting達(dá)到全速時(shí)不要在砂輪前面站立Don’tstandinfrontofthewheelasitcomesuptofullspeed使用眼睛和面部保護(hù)Useeyeand/orfaceprotection保證軸的速度不超過輪子標(biāo)記的最大速度Ensurethespindlespeeddoesn’texceedthemaximumspeedmarkedonthewheelConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS15砂輪工作支架

AbrasiveWheelWorkRests工作支架離砂輪表面不要超過3mm

Keepworkrestsnotmorethan1/8thinchfromwheelsurface這樣可以防止工件卡在砂輪和支架之間造成輪子破裂

Thispreventsjammingtheworkbetweenthewheelandtherest,whichmaycausethewheeltobreak轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，不要調(diào)整砂輪

Don’tadjustwheelwhileit’srotatingConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS16防護(hù)

Guarding防護(hù)電動(dòng)工具暴露的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件

Guardexposedmovingpartsofpowertools防護(hù)皮帶、齒輪、軸、滑輪、鏈輪、飛輪、鏈條，或其他運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)件Guardbelts,gears,shafts,pulleys,sprockets,spindles,flywheels,chains,orothermovingparts當(dāng)工具在使用中時(shí)，不要去除防護(hù)

NeverremoveaguardwhenatoolisinuseConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS17操作點(diǎn)：實(shí)際使用中，材料上加工的點(diǎn)-必須防護(hù)它Thepointofoperationiswheretheworkisactuallyperformedonthematerials–itmustbeguarded防護(hù)-操作點(diǎn)

Guarding-PointofOperation這顯示一把電鋸在適當(dāng)?shù)牟课谎b備了操作防護(hù)ThisshowsaradialarmsawequippedwithproperpointofoperationguardsConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS18防護(hù)保護(hù)

GuardingProtection機(jī)器防護(hù)必須以期達(dá)到保護(hù)操作者的目的：Machineguardsmustprotecttheoperatorandothersfrom:操作點(diǎn)Pointofoperation運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的咬點(diǎn)In-runningnippoints轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部件Rotatingparts飛行的碎片和火花Flyingchipsandsparks咬點(diǎn)NipPointConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS19防護(hù)，防止操作員接觸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的刀片Guardtopreventtheoperatorfromcomingincontactthetherotatingblade輻形鋸防護(hù)

RadialSawGuarding輻形電鋸裝備有上部和底部的刀片防護(hù)RadialarmsawequippedwithanupperandlowerbladeguardConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS20防護(hù)這種鋸子的基座平板或襯板上下部

Guardthesesawsaboveandbelowthebaseplateorshoe.防護(hù)必須達(dá)到鋸牙的深度Thelowerguardmustcoverthesawtothedepthoftheteeth.防護(hù)便攜式的圓鋸

GuardingPortableCircularSawsConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS21用一個(gè)罩子防護(hù)Useahoodforguarding加罩防護(hù)Hoodguard臺鋸防護(hù)

TableSawGuardingConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS22氣動(dòng)工具

PneumaticTools由壓縮空氣提供動(dòng)力

Poweredbycompressedair包括自動(dòng)射釘機(jī)、訂書機(jī)、修整器、鉆孔機(jī)和砂磨機(jī)Includesnailers,staplers,chippers,drills&sanders主要危險(xiǎn)-使用工具時(shí)被工具附件或緊固件擊中Mainhazard-gettinghitbyatoolattachmentorbyafastenertheworkerisusingwiththetool對空氣軟管采取與電線同樣的預(yù)防措施

Takethesameprecautionswithanairhosethatyoutakewithelectriccords射釘槍-剖視圖NailGun-Cut-AwayViewConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS23氣動(dòng)工具-栓扣物

PneumaticTools-Fastening確保工具安全地緊固到空氣軟管上防止斷開

Ensuretoolisfastenedsecurelytotheairhosetopreventadisconnection使用一個(gè)短的鐵絲或鎖具將空氣管附在工具上Useashortwireorpositivelockingdeviceattachingtheairhosetothetool用鐵絲固定軟管WireusedtosecurehoseConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS24氣動(dòng)工具連接

PneumaticToolConnections不能接受Unacceptable可接受Acceptable軟管夾HoseclampConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS25氣動(dòng)工具安全

PneumaticToolSafety在槍口上安置保險(xiǎn)裝置，防止工具射出釘子，除非槍口與加工面接觸。

Placeasafetydeviceonthemuzzletopreventthetoolfromejectingfasteners,unlessthemuzzleisincontactwithworksurface安裝安全夾子或定位器保護(hù)附件被射出，例如氣動(dòng)鑿子Installasafetycliporretainertopreventattachments,suchaschiselsonachippinghammer,frombeingejected槍口接觸加工面MuzzleincontactwithworksurfaceConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS26壓縮空氣清掃

CompressedAirCleaning盡量不要用壓縮空氣來清掃

Don’tusecompressedairforcleaning例外-小于3公斤的壓力，有效的碎片防護(hù)和個(gè)人防護(hù)用品的地方Exception-wherereducedtolessthan30p.s.i.witheffectivechipguardingandPPEConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS27液體燃料工具

LiquidFuelTools通常是汽、柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

Usuallygaspowered主要危險(xiǎn)-燃油蒸氣

Mainhazard–fuelvapors僅使用批準(zhǔn)的易燃液體容器Useonlyapprovedflammableliquidcontainers給燃油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工具加油之前，關(guān)閉引擎并且讓它冷卻Beforerefillingafuel-poweredtooltank,shutdowntheengineandallowittocoolConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS28火藥驅(qū)動(dòng)的工具

Powder-ActuatedTools使用者必須經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)并經(jīng)許可操作Usermustbetrainedandlicensedtooperate每天使用之前測試工具，保證保險(xiǎn)裝置工作正常Testtooleachdaybeforeloadingtoensurethesafetydevicesareworkingproperly佩帶適當(dāng)?shù)亩?、眼睛和面部防護(hù)用品Wearsuitableear,eye,andfaceprotection選擇適宜工作的火藥水平，不用過份的強(qiáng)SelectapowderlevelthatwilldotheworkwithoutexcessiveforceConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS29致命事實(shí)

FatalFact當(dāng)被火藥驅(qū)動(dòng)的射釘工具射出的釘子打中頭部時(shí)，可能造成人員死亡

Employeekilledwhenstruckinheadbyanailfiredfromapowderactuatedtool.工具操作者正在錨固膠合板的形狀，為澆注混凝土墻做準(zhǔn)備TooloperatorwasattemptingtoanchoraplywoodforminpreparationforpouringaconcretewallConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS30容易被擊穿的材料

EasilyPenetratedMaterial避免在容易被擊穿的材料上使用，除非材料的后面有防止釘子或錨固件通過的物質(zhì)Avoiddrivingintomaterialseasilypenetratedunlessmaterialsarebackedbyasubstancethatwillpreventthepinorfastenerfrompassingthrough也不要將緊固件敲進(jìn)非常堅(jiān)硬或易碎的材料，那樣可能發(fā)生碎片飛濺，或者緊固件彈飛Also,don’tdrivefastenersintoveryhardorbrittlematerialthatmightchiporsplatter,ormakethefastenersricochetConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS31火藥驅(qū)動(dòng)工具的安全技巧

Powder-ActuatedToolSafetyTips不要在易燃易爆的空氣中使用Don’tuseinexplosiveorflammableatmosphere使用之前檢查工具保證：Inspecttoolbeforeusetoensure:它是干凈的，itisclean,活動(dòng)部件運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)自由thatmovingpartsoperatefreely槍管沒有阻塞并且有合適的防護(hù)和附件thebarrelisfreefromobstructionsandhasthepropershield,guard,andattachments除非立刻使用，不要給工具裝子彈Don’tloadthetoolunlessusingimmediately不要留下一個(gè)裝了子彈的工具無人看管Don’tleavealoadedtoolunattended手避開槍管末端Keephandsclearofthebarrelend不要把工具指向任何人Neverpointthetoolatanyone不裝子彈存放一個(gè)上鎖的箱子里StoreunloadedinalockedboxConstructionSafetyTraining--AFS32千斤頂Jacks放置千斤頂，保證：

Tosetupajack,ensure:基礎(chǔ)堅(jiān)硬水平Thebaseisonafirm,levelsurface放置在中心It’scentered千斤頂頭部頂在水平面上Thejackheadisplacedagainstalevelsurface均勻地用力升起Youa