初三英語(yǔ)短文填空

初三英語(yǔ)短文填空（五）短文填空題的命題特點(diǎn)短文填空是陜西省、重慶市、武漢市、黃岡市、福州市等省、市近兩年才創(chuàng)設(shè)的一種新題型。這種題型通常有四種形式：1、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個(gè)單詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填上所缺的單詞。2、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個(gè)單詞，但給出這些單詞的第一個(gè)字母，讓考生根據(jù)短文的上下文的意思和所給的提示字母，天上所缺的單詞。3、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個(gè)單詞，同時(shí)在一個(gè)方框內(nèi)給出一些單詞，讓考生根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，把這些單詞填入空白處，使文章正確、通順。4、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)，同時(shí)給出這些單詞或短語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)意思，讓考生根據(jù)短文的上下文和所給漢語(yǔ)的提示，填上適當(dāng)?shù)貑卧~或短語(yǔ)。陜西省的短文填空題采用的基本上是第四種形式。這種題型考查的是考生的整體閱讀能力、基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法的運(yùn)用能力和書面表述能力，特別是單詞和短語(yǔ)的拼寫能力。它是介于閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)之間的一種題型。陜西省中考英語(yǔ)題中的短文填空題又有什麼具體特點(diǎn)呢？1、從文體上看，議論文和敘事文為主。2002年陜西省的短文填空題所給的短文是一篇論說(shuō)文，論說(shuō)的主題是：只有母親的愛是真正的愛。2003年的中考說(shuō)明樣題所給的短文是一篇敘事文。講述的是圣誕節(jié)的情況。2003年的中考題中的短文填空題也是一篇敘事文。講述的是主題是因特網(wǎng)的歷史。2、從填空的內(nèi)容上看，以詞組和短語(yǔ)為主。2002年短文填空題共有10個(gè)空，其中6個(gè)空填的是詞組和短語(yǔ)。2003年中考說(shuō)明中短文填空題共有10個(gè)空，其中7個(gè)空填的是詞組和短語(yǔ)。2003年中考題中的短文填空題共有10個(gè)空，其中5個(gè)空填的是詞組和短語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō)短文填空題要填的詞組和短語(yǔ)總體上保持在5-7個(gè)。3、從考查的范圍上看，以英語(yǔ)的一些特殊用法為主。2002年的短文填空題考到了enough作副詞，放在被修飾詞之后的用法，考到了“with+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)的用法。2003年終考說(shuō)明中的短文填空題又一次出現(xiàn)了“with+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)用法。2003年中考題的短文填空題考查了somethingwrong這樣的形容詞后置的特殊用法。4、從所留的空白上看，以給出漢語(yǔ)提示為主。2003年中考說(shuō)明的短文填空題共留出10個(gè)空白，其中8處給出了漢語(yǔ)提示，2處沒(méi)有任何提示。2003年中考的短文填空題同樣是10個(gè)空白，全部給出了漢語(yǔ)提示。二、短文填空題的解題技巧做好短文填空題要求考生具備堅(jiān)實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)，理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配，熟記英語(yǔ)單詞的拼寫。做短文填空可以從以下幾個(gè)方面著手：1、從語(yǔ)法方面考慮短文填空題所涉及的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容通常包括：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)、主謂一致、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、介詞和連詞的選用等。例如2003年中考的短文填空題的第一個(gè)空：“Mostofus_1（忙于［talkingaboutandusingtheInterneteveryday...."在這里，用英語(yǔ)表示“忙于"不僅要用busy,busy之前還要加be,而be還要和主語(yǔ)mostofus保持一致，變成are。2、從習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮如上所說(shuō)，陜西省的短文填空以詞組和短語(yǔ)為主，而詞組和短語(yǔ)必然會(huì)涉及到很多習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配。例如2003年中考說(shuō)明短文填空的第8個(gè)空：“_8（在圣誕夜）childrenareveryhappy.”用英語(yǔ)表示“在圣誕夜"必須用OnChristmasEve。因?yàn)樵凇澳骋惶斓耐砩?習(xí)慣上用介詞on。3、從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)方面考慮有的空白必須根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)才能判斷應(yīng)該填什麼樣的單詞或短語(yǔ)。例如2003年考試說(shuō)明短文填空的第9個(gè)空:Theyputtheirstockingattheendoftheirbeds9theirparentscanputpresentsinthem.從上下文文我們可以看出，他們把他們的長(zhǎng)筒襪放在床頭上是為了讓他們的父母親能夠把禮物放在里面。以此判斷，后面的句子應(yīng)是一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。因此，應(yīng)填sothat。三、短文填空題的實(shí)例分析（2003，陜西?。￢.短文填空：（共10空，計(jì)10分。單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤不給分，短語(yǔ)中單詞大小寫、拼寫錯(cuò)誤扣0.5分）根據(jù)上下文和括號(hào)里的漢語(yǔ)提示，在下面短文的空白處寫出正確的單詞或詞組。使短文意思完整，語(yǔ)句連貫。MostofusK忙于）talkingaboutandusingtheInterneteveryday,buthowmanyofusknowthe2-（歷史）oftheInternet?Manypeopleare3_（驚訝）whentheyfindthattheInternetwassetupinthe1960s.4（那時(shí)），computerswerelargeand5（貴的）.Computernetworksdidn'twork6（好）.Iftherewas7（出故障）withonecomputerinthenetwork,thewholenetworkstopped,soanetworksystemhadtobesetup.Itshouldbegoodenoughtobeusedbymany8_（不同的）kindsofcomputers.If9（任何部分）ofthenetworkwasnotworking,informationcouldbesentthroughanotherpart.10（用這種方法）,computernetworksystemwouldkeeponworkingallthetime..arebusy。漢語(yǔ)提示應(yīng)填“忙于”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，所填的詞或短語(yǔ)在句中作謂語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)為bebusy。句子的主語(yǔ)是mostofus,謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Bebusy應(yīng)變?yōu)閍rebusy。history。漢語(yǔ)提示為“歷史”，在定冠詞之后應(yīng)為名詞。surprised。漢語(yǔ)提示為“驚訝”，在句中作表語(yǔ)，句子的主語(yǔ)是人，人感到驚訝，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞surprised。Atthattime。漢語(yǔ)提示為“那時(shí)”，其真正意思是“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”，又因?yàn)檫@個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句首，第一個(gè)字母應(yīng)大寫，相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)應(yīng)是Atthattime。expensive/dear。漢語(yǔ)提示為“貴的”。因?yàn)樵诰渲凶鞅碚Z(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞expensive/dear。well。漢語(yǔ)提示為“好”，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，因此用well表示。somethingwrong。漢語(yǔ)提示為“出故障"，英語(yǔ)表示“某個(gè)東西出了故障”常常用Therewassomethingwrongwithsth.這個(gè)句型。differento漢語(yǔ)提示為“不同的”，其形容詞形式是differentoanypart。漢語(yǔ)提示為“任何部分”，相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)應(yīng)是anypart。Inthisway。漢語(yǔ)提示為“用這種方法”，又因?yàn)檫@個(gè)短語(yǔ)在句首，第一個(gè)字母大寫。所以其英語(yǔ)表達(dá)應(yīng)是Inthisway。能級(jí)演練1MostofAmericanbusinessesareopenfivedaysaweek.Americanschoolchildrenattendschoolfivedaysaweekaswell.Americanfamiliesusuallyhavea1（兩天）weekend.TheweekendisSaturdayandSunday.Overtheweekendpeoplespendtheirtime2（以許多不同的方式）.Manyfamiliesenjoyweekends3（一起）.Theymaygoshopping,goforadriveorvisitfriends.Theymayalsoinvitefriendsoverand4（聚會(huì)）athome.ManyAmericanfamiliesparticipate（參加口）insportsduringtheweekend.5（跑步）,biking,playingvolleyballandswimming6（流行）insummer.Skiingandskatingarethe7（最喜愛的）wintersports.WeekendsarealsoatimeforAmericanfamiliestoworkonsomethingintheiryardsorin8（他們的）houses.Manyfamiliesplantflowersandhavevegetablegardens.Somefamiliesusetheweekends9（粉刷）orrepairtheirhouses.10（對(duì)大部分美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)）,weekendsareverybusy.1.two-day2.inmanydifferentways3.together4.haveaparty5.Running6.arepopular7.favourite8.their9.topaint10.FormostAmericans2Perhapsmorethananyotherpeople,Americanshavecometodependontheircars.Thefamilycar1（一直是）acommonthing2（從以來(lái)）theearlytwentiethcentury,andithaschangedAmericanlife.Manypeoplehavemoved3（外面）ofthelargecitiestothesuburbs.SomeAmericansspend4（每天兩小時(shí)）ormoreintheircars5（去上班）andhomeagain.Carshavebecomethe6（工具）oftransportationformostAmericansgoingshopping,andevengoingonvacations.Americans7（過(guò)去常常）likebigcars,andgasolineusedtobeveryinexpensive.Recently,8（然而），thecostofgasolinehasincreased,smallercarshavebecome（更常見）.Alsoforeigncarshavebecomeverycommon.Americanshavebought（大量的）JapaneseandGermancars.Theyhaveboughtcarsfromseveralothercountriesaswell.1.hasbeen2.since3.outside4.twohoursaday5.goingtowork6.means7.usedto8.however9.morecommon10.largenumbersof3InAmericanhighschool1（大多數(shù)）studentstakeEnglish,science,mathandhistory.2（在英語(yǔ)課堂上），thestudentsstudygrammarandreadfamousliterature.Inscienceclass,theystudybiology,chemistryorphysics.Historyis3（更有趣）tosomestudentsbecausetheylearnaboutimportanteventsandplaces4（在美國(guó)）.Studentstake5（其它）courses,too.Theseareelectives.Somestudy6（音樂(lè)）becausetheyfeelitismoreenjoyable.Somestudy7（計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)）becausethey8_（認(rèn)為）itismorepractical.9（在各自課堂上），teachersgivestudentsexams.Someexamsaremoredifficultthanothers,butagoodstudentcanalwaysdo10（好）.1.most2.InEheUnitedSputerscience8.think9.Ineachclass10.well4OnekindofvacationthatmanyAmericansenjoyiscamping.Eachsummer1（數(shù)百萬(wàn)的）Americansdrivetothecountrysidewheretheyfindplaces2（野營(yíng)）.Thenationalparks,manyofwhichare3（在山里），arefavouritecampingplaces.Campersenjoythe4（新鮮空氣），thelakesandtheforestswhichtheyfindintheseparks.Campershike,swimandfish.Theycanalsofind5（許多種）animalsandplantsintheparks.Mostlycampershavetrailerswhichtheydriveorpullbehindtheircarstotheircampsites.Trailersarelikehouses6（在輪子上）.Theyhavemanyconvenienceswhichpeoplehaveintheirhomes,7（例如）electricityandhotwater.But8（大多數(shù)）campersdon'thavetrailers.Theycampintentswhichthey_9（搭起）intheircampsites.Campersintentsdon'thavetheconveniencesthatcampersintrailershave.Tentcampersenjoy10（—種簡(jiǎn)單的生活）.1.hemountains4.freshair5.manykindsof6.onwheels7.suchas8.most9.setup10.averysimplelife5FarmLifeintheUnitedStatesAllbigcitiesarequitesimilar.LivinginamodernAsiancityisnotvery1（不同於）livinginanAmericancity.Thesamecannotbesaidaboutliving2（在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上）,however.Inmanypartsoftheworld,farmersandtheirfamilieslive_3_（在村莊和城鎮(zhèn)里）.IntheUnitedStates,however,eachfarmfamilylivesonitsownfields,oftenbeyondthesightofanyneighbors.4（不用）travelingfromavillagetothefieldseverymorning,Americanfarmersstay5（在他們的土地上）throughouttheweek.Theytraveltothenearesttown6（在星期六）forshoppingoronSundaysforchurch.Thechildrenrideonbusestolargeschoolswhichserve7（所有的農(nóng)場(chǎng)家庭）livinginthearea.Insomeareas,therearesmallschoolsservingafewfarmfamilies,andthechildrenwalktoschool.8（當(dāng)然）lifekeepschangingforeveryone,includingfarmers.Todaytherearecars,goodroads,radios,andtelevisionsets.Andofcoursetherearemodernmachinesforfarming.Allofthesehavechangedfarmlife.Formanyyears,however,farminginAmericawasoftenalonelywayofliving.Farmers9（不得不）dealwiththeirownproblems,insteadofgettinghelpfromothers.They10（學(xué)會(huì)）totrynewmethods,andtotrusttheirownideasinsteadoffollowingolderways.1.differentfrom2.onfarms3.invillagesortowns4.Insteadof5.ontheirland6.onSaturdays7.allofthefarmfamilies8.Ofcourse9.hadto10.learned6HewasborninAtlanta,Georgia,onJanuary15,1929.Hewasblack.Helived1（僅僅）thirty-nineyears,buthebecameworld-famousinthatshorttime.He2（長(zhǎng)大）inthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.HestudiedatMorehouseCollegewherehemetmanyoutstandingmenwhoseideashefoundimportantandexciting.TherehereadthewritingsofThoreau,whichgavehimmanyideas3（關(guān)于自由）.AfterhegraduatedfromMorehouse,he4（接著）tostudyattheUniversityofPennsylvania,HarvardUniversity,andBostonUniversity.AtBostonUniversity,hemethiswife,Coretta.5（1954）,afterhegothisPh.D.degree,hebecametheministerofasmallchurch6（南方的）.Therehebecametheleaderoftheblackpeople,whowerepoorandwithoutpower.Hegavespeechesandledmarches.Forhisideasandactions,hewenttojail7（一段時(shí)間）.8（許多年以后）,inWashington,D.C.,hespoketoacrowdof250,000people.Hetoldthem,“Ihaveadream.”Thatspeechisstill9（著名）.In1964hewontheNobelPeacePrize.Hisworkwasnot10（結(jié)束）whenhediedonApril4,1968.Whowashe?HewasMartinLutherKing.1.only2.grewup3.aboutfreedom4.wenton5.Ihesouth7.forashorttime8.Manyyearslater9.famous10.finished7DearMr.Costa,I'msorryithastakenmesolongtowrite.I'vebeenverybusywithworkandschool,butI've1（想起）youoften.How'veyoubeenlately?DidyouhaveagoodChristmasandNewYear's?Macsaysyou'vebeenworkinghardattherestaurantandthatbusinessisverygood.What2_（別的）haveyoubeendoing?Ihadashortbutgoodvacation.MacandIwenttoChicagofor_3（幾天）beforeChristmas,butI4（不得不）comebackandworkbetweenChristmasandNewYear's（includingChristmasDayandNewYear'sEve）!5（每次）somethinglikethat6（發(fā)生）Iwonder訐Ireallywanttoworkinthehotelbusiness.TheotherdayIwasthinkingaboutthefunweusedtohave7（在我們英語(yǔ)課堂上）.Ihaven'tseenmanyofourclassmatessincethecoursewasover.8（事實(shí)上）,theonlyoneIseeveryoftenisTomiko.I'dreallyliketogetintouchwithFranco.Doeshe9（曾經(jīng)）writetoyou?Ifso,couldyoupleasesendmehisaddress?Well,MacandIaregoingskatingandhe10（在等我），soIguessI'dbettersaygoodbyenow.Writeassoonasyoucan.Love,

Maria1.thoughtabout2.else3.afewdays4.hadto5.Everytime6.happens7.inourEnglishclass8.Infact9.ever10.iswaitingforme8TheweatherinBritainchangesveryquickly.Onedaymaybefineand1（第二天）maybewet.Themorningmaybewarmandtheeveningmaybecool.Youmay2（上床睡覺(jué)）withthestarsshinningbrightly,and3（醒來(lái)）withrainfallingheavily.Thisiswhatwemeanwhenwesaythattheweatherisvery“changeable”.Insomepartsoftheworldyoucanbequite4（確信）whattheweatherisgoingtobelike.Youcanmakeyourplansforthenextdayorevenforthenextweek,knowingexactlywhatsortofweathertoexpect.Itis5（困難得多）todothisinBritain.Itmaybefinetodayandyoumayarrange（安排）togotothecountrysidetomorrow.Butwhentomorrow6（至U來(lái)）youmayfindthatyouhavetogiveitupbecauseitistoowet.Makingplansforactivities（活動(dòng)）outofdoorsinBritainisthereforeratherdifficult.People7（談?wù)摚﹖heweathermoreinBritainthaninmostpartsoftheworld.WhentwoEnglishmenareintroducedto8（互相），訐theycan'tthinkanythingelsetotalkabout,theytalkaboutweather.Theweatherisconsideredasafetopicofconversation（談話）.Ifyoudonotknoweachother9（足夠好）totalkaboutpersonalmatters,youcanatleastsoundfriendlybytalkingabouttheweather.Whenpeoplemeetinthestreetandtheyhave10（沒(méi)有時(shí)間）tostopandtalk,theywilloftensaysomethingabouttheweatherastheypass,es7.talkabout8.eachother9.wellenough10.notime9Somepeoplesaytheyhaveananswertotheproblemsofcarcrowdingandpollution（污染）.Inmanycities,1（數(shù)百人）peopleridebikestowork2（每天）.InNewYorkCity,somebikeridershaveevenfoundedagroup（團(tuán)體）:BikeforaBetterCity.Theysay訐morepeoplerodebikestowork,therewouldbefewercarsand3（較少的）dirtyair.4（許多年來(lái)）thisgrouphastriedtogethelpforbikeriders.Theywanttohavespecial（專用的）roadsforbikesonly,becausewhenbikeriders5（必須）usethesameroadsbesidecars,theremaybeaccidents.BikeforaBetterCityfeelsiftherewerebikeroads,morepeoplewouldusebikes.Butnobikeroadshavebeenreadyyet.Not6（每個(gè)人）thinksitis乙（好主意）.Driversdon'tlikeit,andsomeshopowners（店主）don't,8（也）.Andmostpeoplelivetoofarfromthecitytotravelbybike.Still,somethinghasbeendoneaboutit.OnSaturdaysandSundays,thelargestopenparkinNewYorkis9（關(guān)閉）tocars,andtheroadsmaybeusedbybikesonly,butthegroup10（仍然）saysthisisnotenoughandgoesonfightingtogetbikeroads.1.hundredsof2.everyday3.less4.Forseveralyears5.must6.everyone7.agoodidea8.either9.closed10.still10TryThisExperimentYourselfItseemstobestrangethatthereisablindspotintheeye.Hereisan（有趣的）experimentthatcanmakesomethingdisappear（消失）whenoneeyeis2（掙開）.MakeacardaboutthesizeofapostcardandwritetwoEnglish3（字母）“L”and“R”onit.“L”is4（在左邊）and“R”ontheright.5（首先），holdthecardabout80cmawayandyoucansee6（兩者）theletters.Thencloseyourrighteyeand7（看）theletter“R”onlywithyourlefteye.Andnow,asyoumovethecardslowlytowardsyou,you'llfindtheletter“L”disappearing.Butifyoumovethecard8（近一些）toyourface,theletterwillbeseenagain.Nowdothesameexperimentwithyourlefteyeclosed,you'llfindtheletter“R”disappearing.Whydothelettersdisappear?Itisbecausethereisablindspot9_（在眼里）.Whentheimage（影像）oftheletter10（落）ontheblindspot,itwon'tbeseen.That'eresting2.open3.letters4.ontheleft5.Fheeye10.falls11Itissummervacationandschoolsareclosed.Duringthesummersomechildrenstay1（在家），watchTV,andplaywithfriends.Sometakepartinasportsprogram,andsomegotoacamp.Acampisasummervacationplaceforchildren.Camperstakepartinsportsactivitieslikeswimmingand2（戈U船）.Theyalsotakepartinotheractivitieslikeplayinggamesandpaintingpictures.3（在晚上）theysitaroundacampfire,cookhotdogs,singsongsortellstories.Somecampscombinespecialprogramswiththeusualcampactivities.Therearecampstoteachtennis,football,orothersports.Therearealsocampstoteachscienceormusic.Nowthereare4（甚至）computercamps.Atacomputercampchildrenlearnhowtousecomputers.Computersareveryimportanttoday,sochildrenmustlearn5（怎樣使用他們）.Manyschoolshavecomputersforthepupilstouse,but6（并非所有的學(xué)生）knowhowtousethem.Someschoolsdonothaveaprogramtoteachthepupilshowtousecomputers.7（因止匕）,computercampscombinecomputerlearningwithsummerfun.Computercampsusuallyhavethreecomputerclassesaday.Afterafewdaysofclasses,eachcamperdesignsacomputerprogram.8（有些）campersdesignprogramstohelpparentsathome.Othersdesignprogramsforpupils9（學(xué)校的）.Somecampersdesigncomputergames.Thecampersmustalsochoosetwocampactivitiesaday.Theycanchooseanactivitylikeswimming,boatingorpainting.10（在他們空閑時(shí)間里），thecamperscanchooseanyactivity.They