2020年領(lǐng)軍高考英語必考點全梳理專題02冠詞精講深剖原卷版

專題02冠詞一一精講深剖單句語法填空（2019全國I卷）Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.（2019全國II卷）Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasjoke.（2019全國浙江卷）Everybodywearssamestyleofclothes.（2018全國II卷）Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.（2018全國III卷）Unexpectedly,I'mfacetofacewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.（2017全國I#）Asresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.（2017全國II卷）Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover top.（2017全國III卷）Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.單句改錯（2019全國I卷）Suddenlyfootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.（2018全國III#）Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.（2018全國I卷）Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents. _（2018 全國 II卷）Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimes??…（2018 全國 III卷）Ihaddonemyselfhomework,butIwasshy. Theylivefar fromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.（2017 全國 III卷）Aroundmeinpicturearethethingswhichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題，而且基本都設(shè)兩空。一般情況下，試題的情景較為曲折，句式以復(fù)合句為主。另外，在短文改錯和語法填空中也常常涉及冠詞的考查?？疾橐c主要包括：.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級前冠詞的使用情況。.考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。.考查零冠詞的運用。另外，還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。復(fù)習(xí)冠詞須把握好以下三個原則：(1)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指；(2)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時，其前不加冠詞；(3)無論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指時，其前都要加定冠詞the。一、定冠詞1.表示特指。特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。Givemethebook.DidyouhearthetalkgivenbyMrLi?Howdoyoulikethefilm.Haveyougottheletter?指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。Whereistheteacher?Openthedoor.復(fù)述上文提過的人或事物。Ihaveabeautifulwallet,butthewalletwasstolenyesterday.世界上獨一無二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)Thesunrisesintheeast.Theearthgoesroundthesun.theglobe,theuniverse.theatmosphere大氣層

用在方位名詞前inthesouth,inthewest,inthenorth用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前ThefirstthingIwanttosayistolistencarefullyinclass.Heisthetallestoneinourclass.表示兩者間“較……的一個"時用定冠詞Theolderofthetwonoblementookalight.Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或事物。Thehorseisausefulanimal.定冠詞用在形容詞前.，表示一類人或東西。Therich,thepoor,thewounded,thedeaf冠詞可用在黨派、階級、民族名詞前TheChinesepeople中華民族Theworkingclass工人階級TheCommunistParty用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前表示一家人，或這一姓的夫婦二人。TheLiusliveupstairs.TheJohnsarewatchingTV在樂器前加thethepianotheviolin在習(xí)慣性短語中inthemorningintheafternoon在人或物后有限定性的后置定語ThemanstandingbythegateisLiFeng.代替所有格代詞，表示人體的一部分Hereceivedablowonthehead他頭上挨了一擊。John,sbrothertookhimbythehand.約翰的哥哥牽著他的手。在世紀，年代名詞前用冠詞。Inthe1980s或inthe1980's20世紀80年代inthenineteenthcentury二十世紀【考題印證】單句語法填空.（2016-全國卷I）Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects..（2015-全國卷H）Theadobedwellings（土坯房）builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyevenmostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.【變式探究】（2016?浙江，2）prizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionistwo-weekholidayinParis.【變式探究】（2015?新課標(biāo)H,42）Theadobedwellings（土坯房）builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyevenmostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.單句改錯（2016-全國卷H）Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.（2016-四川卷）IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.【變式探究】（2016-新課標(biāo)H）Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.【變式探究】（2016-新課標(biāo)ni）Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.【變式探究】（2016-四川）IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.【變式探究】（2015。新課標(biāo)H）Tonysawatoyinashopwindow...Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop.【變式探究】（2015。陜西）Iwantedtodosomethingspecialforhimathisretirementparty...Ataparty,mycoach,withabiscuitinhismouth,askedsurprisinglywhomadethemandjoked,“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjusttogetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”二、不定冠詞泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個。Ateachershouldn'ttalklikethat.教師不應(yīng)當(dāng)那樣講話。用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一”“再一”。用于形容詞最高級前意為“很，非常”。We'llhavetodoitasecondtime.我們得再做一次。Heisamostwiseman.他是一個十分明智的人。用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。Hewasasuccessinbusiness.他是事業(yè)成功人士。在專有名詞前表示“某一個”“類似的一個”。AMr.Smithwantstoseeyou.一位史密斯先生想見你。用于of短語中表示“同一”(一thesame)。TomandKateareofanage.湯姆與凱特同歲?！究碱}印證】語法填空【變式探究】（2016-全國卷H節(jié)選）Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhile,exercisingordoingsomethingyouenjoy.（2016-新課標(biāo)H,48）Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhile,exercising,

ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.【變式探究】（2015?四川，5）Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic；heisverylikelytobeBeethoven.【變式探究】（2016?浙江，2）Theprizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionistwo-weekholidayinParis.單句改錯【變式探究】（2016.新課標(biāo)I）Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.三、零冠詞用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等之前。Knowledgebeginswithpractice.知識從實踐開始。Teachersshouldberespected.教師應(yīng)該受到尊重。東、西方都有的節(jié)日名稱前不用冠詞NewYear'sDay,Christmas,NationalDay,ArmyDay中國的節(jié)日一般用定冠詞theSpringFestival,theMid-AutumnFestival月份、日期前一般不用冠詞inOctober,onMarch8三餐名詞前不用冠詞但三餐名詞有定語修飾時需加不定冠詞havebreakfast/lunch/dinner,haveabigbreakfast,haveawonderfullunch表示體育運動的名詞前不用冠詞，但樂器名詞前需加定冠詞playfootball/cards/chess；playtheviolin/thepiano用于作表語、補足語、同位語的唯一職位名詞前Johniscaptainoftheteam.約翰是這個隊的隊長。Theyelectedhimpresidentofthesociety.他們選他為協(xié)會會長。用于表示“變成”的turn后、作表語的單數(shù)名詞前Hewasateacherbeforeheturnedwriter.他成為作家之前是教師。用于某些獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中Theteachercamein,bookinhand（=withabookinhishand）.老師走了進來，手里拿著書。

【考題印證】單句改錯【變式探究】（2016。新課標(biāo)ni）Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.【變式探究】（2013-全國1,31）Indiaattainedanindependencein1947,afteralongstruggle.四、冠詞在固定搭配中的用法用在表示計量的名詞前;但是如果表示單位的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，之前不用冠詞bythehour,bytheday,bythedozen,bytheyard;byweight,byheight在句型“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體某部位”中的the不可用人稱代詞替代takesb.bythearm抓住某人的手臂heface打某人的臉止匕夕卜，在beredintheface（臉紅）,belameintherightleg（右腿瘸）等結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前要用the。用于某些習(xí)慣用法havealook,playatrickon,inahurry,ataloss（茫然，不知所措）有些習(xí)語中有無冠詞意義完全不同finchargeof負責(zé)，掌管《 [inthechargeof由 負責(zé)掌官foutofquestion毫無疑問《 一...[outofthequestion不可能havewordswithsb.與某人吵架《 [haveawordwithsb.與某人談?wù)劇究碱}印證】單句語法填空【變式探究】（2014。浙江，2）Thepaperisduenextmonth，andIamworkingsevendaysaweek，oftenlongintonight.（2016-河南鄭州高三質(zhì)量預(yù)測）That'sjustwhathappenedonedayin1940.FourboysweretakingwalkinthewoodsnearMontignac.（2016-河北衡水中學(xué)高三期末）ThetwofeaturesoflifeinEnglandthatpossiblygivevisitorstheworstimpressionsaretheEnglishweatherandEnglishcooking.theformerisanaturalphenomenonandnobodycandoanythingaboutit.（2016-浙江卷）Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.單句改錯（2015-全國1）NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.（2014-全國1）Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.“兩招”解語法填空題一.根據(jù)泛指或特指選擇冠詞如果空格后的名詞或“形容詞十名詞”前沒有形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或指示代詞等限定詞時很可能填冠詞。.如果空格及后面的名詞可翻譯成“一個（本、種等）"，一般填a/an。如果可翻譯成“這/那個，這/那些"一般填the；.如果名詞后有of短語、不定式、分詞或從句等作定語時很可能填the?！舅悸伏c撥】Shestayedupuntileleventhirtyoneeveningonpurposejusttosee moonlight.InChineseculture,eachyearisrelatedto Chineseanimalaccordingtothe12-yearcycle.Henotonlyisthebeststudentinourclass,butalsohasexcellentsenseofhumourandagenuineinterestinotherpeople.Likemanyotheruniversitiesatthattime,Harvardattheearlystageoftenraninto financialcrisis.Dinosaursdiedoutbecauseofunexpectedincident.The"Spiderstory"isoftentold.RobertBruce,leaderoftheScotsin13thcentury,washidinginacavefromtheEnglish.二.根據(jù)固定句式或固定搭配選擇冠詞英語中有很多帶有冠詞的固定句式或短語，記住這些句式和短語也有利于解決此類問題?！舅悸伏c撥】Asmatteroffact,therearetwotrophies（獎杯）inhistory.Formostindividuals,asresultofeatingfoodsrichinfatsandsugarseveralyears,theychoosetogoonadietbutdonotsucceedattheend.HesmiledbackasiftogivemeareceiptandIwouldpreservehissmilefor longtime.ItisalsoaculturalbetweenXishuangbannaandSoutheastAsiancountriesthatsharesamefestivalcultureofwater-splashing.Iusuallygotomyworkplacecoffeeshoptoplaceorder,butthisWednesday,itwasslightlydifferent.At sametime,greatprogressmadeinscienceandtechnologywasreallyamazing.短文改錯解題“4視角”.注意單詞首字母的音素看到讀音以輔音素開頭的名詞要想到應(yīng)用不定冠詞a；看到讀音以元音素開頭的名詞要想到應(yīng)用不定冠詞an?！舅悸伏c撥】Lastbutnotleast,weshouldtakeaactivepartinsportsandbuildupourbody.Besides,thiswillbemyfirstexperiencetoparticipateinsuchaactivity..明確特指與泛指如果名詞表示特指，則應(yīng)用定冠詞the,泛指用a/ano【思路點撥】nenteringtheflat,youwillfindyourselfinthesittingroom.Tobehonest,asittingroomismyfavouritepart.hangWeiwaswatchingTVwhilehisfatherwaspreparingdinnerinthekitchenonaneveningofJanuary9th.tisthegreathonourformetotakepartinthevolunteerwork,andIlearnthesignificanceofhelpingothers. .掌握可數(shù)與不可數(shù)看到單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要想到是否少用了冠詞；看到不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指要想到是否多用了冠詞?！舅悸伏c撥】tstartedwhenteachersetupavolleyballclubinourschool,hopingthatmorestudentswouldtakepartinthesportandkeepfit.7.Lastsummervacation,Iworkedinrestaurant.Theblogsservesasopenplatformwhereyoucandolotsofthings.四.記熟固定搭配牢記含冠詞的固定搭配，確定冠詞的增與刪?！舅悸伏c撥】Thoughtherearealotofchanges,thegreatnumberofmenstillguardtheirrights.MrYangfoundmeandapologizedtomeforhissharpwordsnextday.Withhishelp,wehavemadeagreatprogress.Whenthelandladydiscoveredwhathadhappened,shedecidedtodohimfavor.語法填空.（2019年汕頭市高考第二次模擬試題）Theydiscoveredthatsingingingroupswasessentialpartinhelpingpeoplerecoverfrommentalillness..（哈師大附中東北師大附中遼寧省實驗中學(xué)2019年高三第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試）ThebookiswindowintothepersonallifeofthefirstAfrican-AmericanFirstLadyandthefirstblackUSPresident..（哈師大附中、東北師大附中、遼寧省實驗中學(xué)2019年高三第二次聯(lián)合模擬考試）Everyonesatoncushionsonthegroundandhadgoodviewofthecenterofthestage..（吉林省名校2019屆高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試）WhiskyisprobablymostfamousproductofScotland..（河南省開封市2019屆高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬考試）Non-Hermitianwaveengineeringisrecentandfast-movingfieldthatexaminesbothfundamentalandapplication-orientedphenomena.（吉林省遼源市普通高中2019屆高三第二次模擬考試）Confuciuswasextraordinaryeducatorandphilosopher,andfoundedConfucianism..（遼寧省葫蘆島市2019屆高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬考試）“Polymorphic”meansabilitytotakedifferentforms..（山東省淄博市高三第一次模擬考試）ThepalacewallswerebrightenedwithredChineselanterns—designedtorecreatethefeelingoftheroyalcourtofold—andlightshowlitupthecomplexwhiletheChinaNationalTraditionalOrchestraandthePekingOperaperformed..（山東省泰安市2019屆高三第一次模擬考試）Chinaisfamousforitsbewilderingandoftentimesconfusinghighwayinterchanges（立體交叉道）,buttheQianchuninterchangeinmountainousprovinceofGuizhouistheonlyonethatactuallylookslikeagiantrollercoasterforcarsandtrucks..（山東省濟南市2019屆高三第一次模擬考試）“Althoughthepatternsandcolorsmaybedifferent,paper-cutssharethesamefunctionofmaintainingemotionaltiesamongpeople”saysYangHuizi,artteacheratBeijingUnion..（廣東省2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試模擬）studyalsofoundthatastemperaturesandsunlighthoursdecrease,alcoholconsumptiongoesup..（湖南省湘潭市2019屆高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試）studyalsofoundthatastemperaturesandsunlighthoursdecrease,alcoholconsumptiongoesup..（山東省日照市2019屆高三第一次模擬考試）ToshowhowstrongtheancientChinesearchitecturereallyis，modelofoneoftheForbiddenCity,spalaceswasputtothetest..（陜西省咸陽市2019屆高三高考模擬檢測）Inthelatestsurveyonprofessionalattitudestowardsloveandmarriage,morethanhalfoftheinvestigatedinYangzhou,second-levelcityontheEastcoast,weresatisfiedwiththeirmarriageafter35.單句改錯.（2019青島市高考模擬檢測）Astheywereleavingheofferedthegirltheridehome..（山東省安丘市、諸城市、五蓮縣、蘭山區(qū)2019屆高三4月模擬訓(xùn)練）Besides,takingabikeisenvironmentallyfriendlymeansoftransport..（東北三省三校2019屆高三第一次模擬英語試題）Insecondplace,humancloningmayleadinsomesocialdisorder,anditisquitedangerous..（哈師大附中、東北師大附中、遼寧省實驗中學(xué)2019年高三第二次聯(lián)合模擬考試）Wesincerelyhopethatwecanparticipateinacompetitionasteampartners..（吉林省名校2019屆高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試）Ihaveforgottenthatcompositionnow,butIre