2021年江蘇南京鼓樓區(qū)金陵中學高考英語零模試卷附答案詳解

2021年江蘇省南京市鼓樓區(qū)金陵中學高考英語零模試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）ABreconBeaconsYAChasanamazingopportunityforbudding（嶄露頭角的）archaeologists（考古學家）ofallages,inSunderlandinTyneandWear.ThankstofundingfromtheHeritageLotteryFund,professionalarchaeologistsfromWardellArmstrongwillbeinvestigatinganarchaeologicalmysteryandtheyneedyourhelp.Romans？"Thesiteisabitofamystery"，FrankGieccofromWardellArmstrongsaid."Thereisaverynicecropmarkrecordedonthesitethathasgotlotsofpeopleveryexcited.Geophysicists（地質物理學家）failedtofindanythingrelatedtothecropmark.ThereisanecdotalevidenceofRomanmaterialbeingfound,butnothingisofficiallyrecorded.Wehopetofinallyanswerthequestionofwhatisinthisfield,duringthetwoweeksonsite.IsthereevidenceofanyRomanoccupationonthesite？Canyouhelpusfindout？"GetinvolvedThisisanopportunityforbothadultsandchildrentotakepartinfieldwalkingandtrialtrenching（smallhand-dugtestpitsforchildren）.Noexperienceisnecessary,trainingwillbeprovidedbytheprofessionalarchaeologistsfromWardellArmstrong,andallequipmentwillbeprovided.Volunteerscanattendforasfeworasmanydaysastheywish,buttheydoneedtobookaplace.Formoreinformation,andtobookyourplace,pleasecontactNormanKirtlanatsunderlandforgottenstones@.Whoistheactivityprobablyintendedfor？A.Families.B.Experts. C.Officials.D.Romans.Ifyoutakepartintheactivity,you.willbechargedforusingequipmentwillbecoachedbyexpertsinthefieldshouldhaveworkedwitharchaeologistsbeforeshouldsparetwoweekstostayatthesiteWhat'sthemainpurposeoftheactivity？第1頁，共22頁Toseekfundingforarchaeologicalresearch.Toappealforhelpinprovingfindingsbasedonanecdotalevidence.Tofindvolunteerstohelpsolveanarchaeologicalmystery.ToorganizevolunteerstohelpsortourdataontheRomanoccupation.BOfficerMichaelRivers,apolicemanwhowassnappedandtheimagesharedonFacebook,ashesatsharinghislunchwithahomelesswomanatthesideoftheroadinNorthCarolina,intheUSA,ispraised.AccordingtoChrisBarnes,hiswifeCassietookthephotowhileshewasonherlunchbreak.Shesawthepairsharingapizzaandsoftdrinkwhiletheywerehavingafriendlychat.Mr.Barnesuploadedtheimagewiththenotes"Cassiewasoutonherlunchbreakandobservedtheofficerenjoyinglunchwithahomelessperson."OfficerRiversrecalledseeingthewomanearlierthatday.HetoldYahoonews"IwasleavingtheparkinglotofWalmartandshewasstandingbythestopsign.Hershirtread,'Homelessthefastestwayofbecominganobody.'Ihatedthatshefeltthatway."Headded"Ialwaystrytotalktothehomelessjusttoseehowtheygotintotheirsituation.Youknow,becauseitcanhappentoanyoneofus,atanygivenmoment."Afterhedroveaway,hecircledbacktoaskifthewomanwashungryandifshewantedfood.Theofficersaidshewashonoredbyhisoffer.HeboughtthembothpizzaandMountainDewandwhenthepairsatdowntoeat,helearnedofherfamilystrugglesandtoldher："Hey,youstillgotstufftolivefor,youstillgotyourlifeaheadofyou.It'snevertoolate."OfficerRivers,whodoesrecruitingfortheGoldsboroPD,hopestosendamessageofsympathyforothers.Headded："Whentheyoungerornewerguyscomein,Iletthemknow,'Heytreatingthecommunitylikehumanbeingsisthemostimportantthingintheworld.'""So,ifweaspoliceofficersshowthatloveandsympathytoeverybody,nomattertheirage,financialbackgroundorrace,theworldwouldbeabetterplace."WhydidChrisBarnessharethephotoonFacebook?Becauseitwastakenbyhiswife.Becausetheofficerwashisfriend.Becausetheofficerwashandsome.Becausehewasimpressedbytheofficer'saction.第2頁，共22頁Whydidtheofficercomebackforthehomelesswoman?Becausesheaskedhimforfood.Becausehersituationwasserious.Becausehewantedtomakeadifferencetoher.Becausehewantedtobecomeaninternetcelebrity.Whatdoestheofficerwanttopassontohisnewcolleagues?Anyonecanbecomehomelessatanygivenmoment.Policemenshouldbesympatheticandcaring.Policemenshouldbecomeheroes.Peopleshouldlearntodrawothers'attention.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?Apolicemanseensharinglunchwithahomelesswoman.Howpolicemenhelpthehomeless.Aluckyhomelesswoman.Howtobecomeagoodmodelforpolicemen.COn30November,theEuropeanCommission(EC)revealedadraft"cleanenergy"packagefortheperiodupto2030.Onthesurface,theseproposalsaddresssomeoftheissueswithexistingrenewableenergypolicies.Butenvironmentalgroupswhohavebeenanalyzingtheproposalssaythatthegovernmentwillbeimpotentandwon'tsolvetheseriousflaws.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)gets65percentofitsrenewableenergyfrombiofuels-mainlywood,butitisfailingtoensurethatthebioenergycomesfromsustainablesourcesandresultsinlessemissionthanburningfossilfuels.Itspolicies,insomecases,areleadingtodeforestation,biodiversitylossandputtingmorecarbondioxideintheatmospherethanburningcoal."lt'salmostworsethandoingnothing."saysSiniErajaa,thebioenergypolicyofficerforBirdLifeEurope&CentralAsia,whodescribesthechangesasgreenwashing.Forinstance,oneproposedchangeistoapplytheEU'ssustainabilitycriteriatobiomass(生物燃料)usedinheatandpowerplantswhoseoutputis20megawattsormore."Thismeans,forinstance,thatelectricityandheatfrombiomasshavetoproduceatleast80percentfewergreenhousegasemissionscomparedtofossilfuelsby2021and85percentlessby2026"statesamemoontherevisedrenewableenergyinstruction.第3頁，共22頁Youmightthinkthiswillensurethatburningbiomassdoesnotresultinhighergreenhousegasemissionsthanfossilfueluse,butfarfromit.ThatstatementismisleadingbecauseitdoesnotmakeclearthattheEU'smethodforcalculatingemissionsassumesburningbiomassproducesnoCO2atall.Theassumptionisthattheseemissionsdon'thavetobecountedbecausethegrowthofplantstakeinasmuchCO?asisemittedwhentheyareburned.ButbecausetheEUdoesn'tcounttheseemissions,itisclaimingcarbonreductionforactivitiesthataresometimesincreasingemissions.Forinstance,theEUisnotjustburningsmallbitsofwoodwasteforenergy,whichcanindeedreduceemissions.Wholetreesarebeingcutdownforenergyandofteninanunsustainableway,saycampaigners,whowanttheEUtoabandonitsdrivetouseevermorebioenergy,particularlyforestbioenergy."Wearenotsayingbioenergyhasnoroletoplay,"saysErajaa,"Butitwillhavetobesmaller."Whatdoestheunderlinedword"impotent"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.potential B.courageousC.cautious D.powerlessWhatdotheenvironmentalgroupsimplyaccordingtothepassage?TheEChasperformeditsdutyinreducingcarbonemission.Thegovernmenthadbetterdonothingtoreducecarbonemission.The"cleanenergy"policiesareharmfultotheatmosphereinasense.ThebiofuelsthatEUgetsmainlycomefromsustainableresources.Whyistherevisedrenewableenergyinstructionregardedasmisleading?ItassumesplantsgiveoutasmuchCO?asfossilfuels.Themethodsforcalculatingemissionsarenotreliable.BurningbiomasscontributestomoreCO2emissions.Plantscancancelouttheemissionsofburningfuels.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphtectingtreesaremoreimportantthanbioenergyfallenbranchesareagoodsourceofcleanenergydeforestationis,inessence,thesideeffectsofbiofuelsthedrivetousemorebioenergycanbecontinuedinaproperwayDAnartificialintelligencethatnavigates（導航）itsenvironmentmuchlikemammalscouldhelpsolveamysteryaboutourowninternalGPS.第4頁，共22頁Equippedwithvirtualversionsofspecializedbrainnervecellscalledgridcells,theAIcouldeasilysolveandplannewroutesthroughvirtualmazes（迷宮）.Thatperformance,describedonlineMay9inNature,suggeststhegridcells（網格細胞）inanimalbrainsplayacriticalroleinpathplanning."Thisisabigstepforwardinunderstandingourownnavigationalneuralcircuitry（電路），"saysIngmarKanitscheider,acomputationalneuroscientistat.TheUniversityofTexasatAustinnotinvolvedinthework.ThediscoverythatratstracktheirlocationwiththehelpofgridcellsearnedaNorwegianresearchteamthe2014NobelPrizeinphysiologytomedicine.Neuroscientistssuspectedthesecells,whichhavealsobeenfoundinhumans,mighthelpnotonlygivemammalsaninternalcoordinate（協同）system,butalsoplandirectpathsbetweenpoints.Totestthatidea,neuroscientistCaswellBarryatUniversityCollegeLondon,alongwithcolleaguesatGoogleDeepMind,createdanAIthatcontainedvirtualnervecells,orneurons,whoseactivityresembledthatofrealgridcells.TheresearcherstrainedthisAItonavigatevirtualmazesbygivingthesystemrewardsignalswhenitreacheditsdestination.TheAIbestedahumanexpertplayeratsolvingthevirtualmazes,andprovedsavvierthanotherartificialneuralnetworksinplanningwaysthroughmazeslargerthanthosetraversed橫穿的）duringitstraining.Whenadooropenedtoprovideashortcutthroughthemaze,thenewAItookthemoredirectroute.Bycontrast,AIsystemswithoutartificialgridcellsignoredtheopendoorandtooklongthewayaround.Thesefindingssupporttheideathatgridcellsdomorethanhelpmammalslocatethemselvesintimeandspace；theyalsohelpanimalsplanthemoststraightforwarddirectiontodestinations.AIalsoappearstobe"averypowerfultool"fortestingotherneurosciencetheories,Barrysays.Heandhiscolleaguessuggestthatvirtualexperimentsonartificialneuralnetworksthatimitatedifferentregionsofthebrainmayeventuallyreplacesomeanimaltesting.ButtherearelimitationstousingAItostudythebrain.Becausethesystemismeanttolearnonitsown,researcherscan'ttellwhythesystemmadeaspecificdecision,saysneuroscientistFrancescoSavelliatJohnsHopkingsUniversity,whosecommentaryalsoappearsonlineMay9inNature.Whatisthefunctionofthevirtualgridcells?Helpinganimalsadapttotheenvironment.Controllingthegrowthofnervecells.第5頁，共22頁AssistingtheAIinfindingaway-out.PromotingthecooperationbetweenAIrobots.Theunderlinedword"savvier"inParagraph5mostprobablymeans.A.slower B.nearer C.earlier D.wiserWecaninferfromParagraph6that.AnimalsareasintelligentashumansAnimaltestingonthebrainwillbereducedinfutureHumanswillbeequippedwiththevirtualgridcellsGridcellsaremoreimportantthanothernervecellsWhatisFrancescoSavelliunclearabout?HowtheAIsystemworks.WaysofAIlearningonitsown.Howeffectiverewardsignalswillworkonarobot.Therelationshipbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)AreYouaPrisonerofPerfectionDoyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach?⑴Areyousettingyourselfupforfailureandshamewhenyoucan'tachievetheunachievable?Understandingwhatdrivesperfectionisthefirststeptowardreleasingthisself-createdanchorthatkeepsusstuck.Shameandfearareoftenthehiddendrivesofperfection.Webelievethatifwefashionaperfectlypolishedpersonality,flashourintelligence,andperfectourhumour,thennoonecanhurtuswithcriticismandwe'llwinrespectandapproval.(2)Politicianswhodisplayadesperateneedtoberightandrefusetoacknowledgemistakesoruncertaintyareoftendrivenbyasecretshame.Theyfearthatshowingvulnerability(弱點)willexposethemtotheaccusationthatthey'reweak.Theysticktoadesiretoberight,perfect,andpolished,evenwhenit'sobviousthattheemperorhasnoclothes.Perfectionismkeepsusleaningtowardthefuture.We'reconstantlyevaluatingourselvesinordertobebetter.(3)However,ifwecan'trelaxandenjoylightermoments,thenwebecomeprisonersofourperfectionism.Wegetpainfullyself-consciousandtakeourselvestooserious.Sadly,wedeprive(剝奪)ourselvesofthesimplepleasureofenjoyingthemomentandbeingourselves.(4)Werealizedthatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn'tmeanthatweareafailure.Without第6頁，共22頁failures,we'llneverlearnfromourmistakeswe'llnevermoveforwardinourlives.Thosewhosucceedhavemadecountlessmistakes.Theimportantthingistolearnfromourerror,forgiveourselvesandmoveon.Beinghuman,perfectionisimpossible.(5)Releasingourselvesfromthedesiretoprotectourimage,we'refreedtosailgracefullythroughoursuccessandfailures--andenjoyourpreciouslife.A.Doyouholdanidealizedvisionthatisimpossibletorealize?B.Acuretoperfectionismistomakeroomforourhumanshortcomings.C.Doyoufearthatotherswillbehorrifiedbywhatyoujudgeaboutyourself?D.Theadditiontostayingperfectprotectsusfromanysignofbeingimperfect.E.There'snothingwrongwithwantingtodoourbestandself-correctingalongtheway.F.Peoplewhoareaddictedtoperfectionareoftenisolated,eveniftheyseemoutgoingandpopular.G.Byacceptingourselvesasweareanddoingourbest,webegintoridoftheshamethatdrivesperfectionism.16.A.AEB.BC.CD.DE.F.FG.G17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）Earlythatday,Iwassobusycaringforourpatient'sprocedurethatneededtobewrappedup.Asmydaynearly(21),Iwasexcitedtomeetmyplayfellowsand(22)withthem.Iwasalreadyoutsideourspecialareaunitinthehospitalwhenawomansuddenlycametome,holdingadoctor's(23)withmynameonit.Myenthusiasmfellconsiderably.But,insteadofbeingimpatient,Ishowedheraheartfeltsmileand(24)whatwaswrittenintheprescription,onlyto第7頁，共22頁findoutitwasn'thersbutherhusband's.Hewas(25)fortheexaminationthefollowingday.Imetherhusband,whowasvery(26)andagoodlistener.Weconnectedinstantlywitheachother,(27)jokes.Thenexttimewemetwasduringhiscolonoscopy(結腸鏡檢查)(28)andIassistedhiminfillingoutthepapers(29)bytheirinsurancecompany.Givenfinal(30)theyleftthehospital.Atnoon,Iwasalonecleaningthe(31)whensuddenlyIheardaknockontheglassdoor,thinkingitmightsomebodywhowouldliketo(32)ofourservices.IcasuallylookedupandIwastakenbackbecausemyvisitorswerethepatientandhiswifeagain!Iopenedthedoorandaskediftheyneededmore(33)orperhapsforgotsomething.Tomysurprisetheygavemeapacked(34)andabottleofpineapplejuice!Lifehasmanyfacets.Itsbitsandpiecestouchyoueveninyourbusydays.Itcouldendupwitha(35)orafreelunch.It'sjustamatterofthinkingfromadifferentangle.21.A.approachedB.concludedC.occupiedD.advanced22.A.studyB.uniteC.relaxD.associate23.A.prescriptionB.reservationC.receiptD.diploma24.A.reviewedB.checkedC.describedD.retold25.A.preparedB.scheduledC.allocatedD.distributed26.A.stubbornB.rigidC.mercifulD.humorous27.A.exchangingB.applaudingC.providingD.exploiting28.A.appointmentB.procedureC.reportD.signature29.A.neededB.offeredC.suggestedD.adopted30.A.instructionsB.encouragementC.congratulationsD.calculation31.A.wardB.bedroomC.corridorD.instrument32.A.remindB.informC.inquireD.talk33.A.cureB.informationC.comfortD.treatment34.A.cakeB.flowerC.bagD.lunch35.A.consensusB.shockC.complaintD.relief四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)36.InancientChinalivedanartist(1)paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist'sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir2)(fine)work,so第8頁，共22頁thathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould(3)(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver-perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.Filledwith(4)(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(5)heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand(6)(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(7)(find)thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmallboatmoved(8)(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(9)(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist(10)earth,MotherNature.五、書面表達(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)37.假定你是李華，新落成的外文書店為增加訪客量，現向市民征求建議，請給書店經理MrDavis寫一封建議信，內容包括：.擁有寬敞的空間以提供良好的閱讀體驗；.提供咨詢，講座等服務；.其他建議(至少一條).要求：1.詞數100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫.DearMrDavis,Yours,LiHua38.閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數應為150左右。John'sgrandfatherJohnlivedinavillagewithhisgrandfather.Everymorningmenwenttothefarms,andchildrentotheschool.Everythingwasfine.EveryonewashappyexceptJohnbecausehisgrandfatherwouldn'tbuyhimchocolatesorchangehisschoolbag."Forwhataresavingmoney？"Johnshoutedhisgrandfatherangrily."thesearen'tyouareaverygoodboy.Aren'tyou,mygoodboy？"smiledhisgrandfather.HeknewJohnwasn'tbadas第9頁，共22頁hepresentedhimself.HeknewdeepdownJohnhadaverykindheart."Yes,Iamgood.ButyouaretheworstpersonIevermetandIhateyou."Joinsaidandstormedoutoftheroomtotheschool.Hewasgettinglateasusual.Hislifewaslikethis.Everydayhefoughtwithhisgrandfatheratleastonce.Hiswisheswerenotgenerallysatisfied,whichreallyupsethim.Hisgrandfatherwasn'tpoor,buthewasn'treadytospendonchocolatesandclothes.Uponhisarrivalatschool,heheardhisfriendstalkingaboutthestoryoftheunknown.Theteacherhadyetnotcome.Heplaceshisearstotheconversation."Doyouknowthatsomeoneplaced500dollarswithamessageinsideMr.Darwin'shousewhilehewassleeping?"SaidhisbestfriendGum."Yes.ThishappenednotonlytoMr.Darwinbuttomanyneedyfamilies.Iwonderwhodidallthis,perhaps,God!"repliedTom."Myfatherisill.IwishGodhelpshim,too."saidGuminalowvoice.Howgreatitistogetasurprise!"Johnthought.Whenhereturnedhome,hisgrandfatherwaswateringtheplantsintheirgarden.Onseeinghimback,hisgrandfatherasked,"Howwastheday,dear""Nothingspecial",hesaidandwentintothehouse.Hisgrandfatherlovedgardening,whocouldfindinthegardenalmostallthetime.AndJohnfounditthemostboringworkever.Hehadastrongfeelingthathisgrandfatherwouldn'tbecomesoselfish,ifhehadn'tspentsomuchtimealoneinthegarden.1.所續(xù)寫短文詞數150左右；2.續(xù)寫部分兩段，每段的開頭語已給出。Paragraph1Whentheyeatingdinner,Johnfinallybrokethesilence..Paragraph2Inthedepthofnight,asoundhitJohn'sears..第10頁，共22頁答案和解析1.【答案】【小題1】A【小題2】B【小題3】C【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據Getinvolved中"Thisisanopportunityforbothadultsandchildrentotakepartinfieldwalkingandtrialtrenching（smallhand-dugtestpitsforchildren）.這是一個讓成人和兒童都有機會參與野外行走和試挖溝（兒童用手挖的小坑）的機會。”可知這項活動可能是為家庭準備的。故選A。（2）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據Getinvolved介紹部分Noexperienceisnecessary,trainingwillbeprovidedbytheprofessionalarchaeologistsfromWardellArmstrong/無需任何經驗，培訓將由WardellArmstrong的專業(yè)考古學家提供。）可知，所以如果你打算參加這項活動，你將接受該領域專家的指導，故選B。（3）C.寫作目的題。根據第一段professionalarchaeologistsfromWardllArmstrongwillbeinvestigatinganarchaeologicalmysteryandtheyneedyourhelp. （來自沃德爾?阿姆斯特朗的專業(yè)考古學家將調查無政府主義之謎，他們需要你的幫助。）可知，來自WardellArmstrong的專業(yè)考古學家們將調查一個考古謎團，他們需要你的幫助；以及對于對參與考古條件的介紹，可判斷出這篇文章的主要目的是尋找志愿者來幫助解開一個考古謎團，故選C。本題是一篇廣告布告類閱讀，主要介紹了一個考古謎團，并征召志愿者參與考古，以解開該謎團。1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章第11頁，共22頁取義。4.【答案】【小題1】D【小題2】C【小題3】B【小題4】A【解析】(1)D.推理判斷題。根據第二段"AccordingtoChrisBarnes,hiswifeCassietookthephotowhileshewasonherlunchbreak.Shesawthepairsharingapizzaandsoftdrinkwhiletheywerehavingafriendlychat.MrBarnesuploadedtheimagewiththenotes："Cassiewasoutonherlunchbreakandobservedtheofficerenjoyinglunchwithahomelessperson." 據克里斯?巴恩斯說，他的妻子卡西在午休時拍下了這張照片。她看到兩人在友好交談時分享披薩和軟飲料。巴恩斯先生上傳了這張照片，上面寫著："卡西在午休時外出，看到警官和一個無家可歸的人共進午餐。"可推出克里斯?巴恩斯在Facebook上分享這張照片是因為他對警官的行為印象深刻。故選D。C.推理判斷題。根據第五段"HeboughtthembothpizzaandMountainDewandwhenthepairsatdowntoeat,helearnedofherfamilystrugglesandtoldher ："Hey,youstillgotstufftolivefor,youstillgotyourlifeaheadofyou.It'snevertoolate."他給他們買了披薩和山露，當他們坐下來吃的時候，他聽說了她的家庭困難，并告訴她："嘿，你還有活下去的理由，你還有你的生活等著你。永遠不會太遲""可知警察回來找那個無家可歸的女人是因為他想改變她。故選C。B.細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段"OfficerRivers,whodoesrecruiting(招募新成員)fortheGoldsboroPD,hopestosendamessageofsympathyforothersJH弗斯警官，為戈茲伯勒警局做招募工作，希望傳遞一個同情他人的信息?？芍傧氚?警察應該具有同情心和關心”傳給他的新同事。故選B。(4)人.主旨大意題。閱讀全文以及根據第一段，OfficerMichaelRivers,apolicemanwhowassnapped (抓拍)andtheimagesharedonFacebook,ashesatsharinghislunchwithahomelesswomanatthesideoftheroadinNorthCarolina,intheUSA ,ispraised.警官邁克爾?里弗斯是一名警察，他在美國北卡羅來納州的路邊與一名無家可歸的婦女共進午餐時第12頁，共22頁被拍下，并在Facebook上分享了照片?？芍疚闹饕v述了一個警察被看見和一個無家可歸的女人一起吃午飯的故事。故選A。這是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了美國北卡羅來納州警官MichaelRivers坐在路邊與一名無家可歸的婦女分享午餐的照片被拍到了Facebook上，并受到了好評。文章主要為Rivers警官講述了這件事情的經過，以及他想要向他的新同事傳達警察應該有同情心和愛心的想法。閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷；或根據作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。8.【答案】【小題1】D【小題2】C【小題3】B【小題4】D【解析】（1）D.詞義猜測題。根據第一段末"Butenvironmentalgroupswhohavebeenanalyzingtheproposalssaythatthegovernmentwillbeimpotentandwon'tsolvetheserious口20$但一直在分析這些提案的環(huán)保組織表示，政府將無能為力，不會解決這些嚴重缺陷。"可知"impotent"的意思是"無力的"^potential有潛力的；B.courageous勇敢的；C.cautious謹慎的；Dpowerless無力的。故選D。（2）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段"TheEuropeanUnion（EU）gets65percentofitsrenewableenergyfrombiofuels-mainlywood,butitisfailingtoensurethatthebioenergycomesfromsustainablesourcesandresultsinlessemissionthanburningfossilfue歐盟（EU）65%的可再生能源來自生物燃料，主要是木材，但它未能確保生物能源來自可持續(xù)能源，并導致比燃燒化石燃料更少的排放?！笨芍h(huán)境群體意味著"清潔能源”政策在某種意義上對大氣有害。故選C。（3）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第三段叮卜21statementismisleadingbecauseitdoesnotmakeclearthattheEU'smethodforcalculatingemissionsassumesburningbiomassproducesnoCO2atall.這一說法具有誤導性，因為它沒有明確說明歐盟的排放計算方法假設燃燒生物質根本不會產生二氧化碳。”可知修訂后的可再生能源指令被認為具有誤導性因為計算排放量的方法不可靠。故選B。（4）D.推理判斷題。根據倒數第一段"Forinstance,theEUisnotjustburningsmallbitsof第13頁，共22頁woodwasteforenergy,whichcanindeedreduceemissions例如，歐盟不僅僅是燃燒少量木材廢料作為能源，這確實可以減少排放?！笨芍瓜碌臉渲κ乔鍧嵞茉吹暮脕碓?。故選D。本文是一篇社會文化類閱讀，文章主要介紹了11月30日，歐盟委員會(EC)公布了截至2030年的“清潔能源”一攬子計劃草案。從表面上看，這些提議解決了現有可再生能源政策中的一些問題。但一直在分析這些提議的環(huán)保組織說，這些變化不會產生什么影響，也不會解決嚴重的問題。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據。12.【答案】【小題1】C【小題2】D【小題3】B【小題4】A【解析(1)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段Equippedwithvirtualversionsofspecializedbrainnervecellscalledgridcells,theAIcouldeasilysolveandplannewroutesthroughvirtualmazes(迷宮).配備了稱為網格細胞的專用腦神經細胞的虛擬版本，該AI可以輕松地通過虛擬迷宮解決和規(guī)劃新路線?？芍摂M網格單元的功能是協助AI尋找出路。故選C。D.詞義猜測題。根據上下文內容可知，TheAIbestedahumanexpertplayeratsolvingthevirtualmazes,andprovedsavvierthanotherartificialneuralnetworksinplanningwaysthrough. 句意為人工智能在解決虛擬迷宮方面擊敗了人類專家玩家，并在通過規(guī)劃的方式上被證明比其他人工神經網絡更聰明。故意為'更聰明的"，結合選項A.slower更慢的；B.nearer更近的；C.earlier更早的；D.wiser更聰明的。故選D。B.推理判斷題。根據第六段Heandhiscolleaguessuggestthatvirtualexperimentsonartificialneuralnetworksthatimitatedifferentregionsofthebrainmayeventuallyreplacesomeanimaltesting他和他的同事們建議，模仿大腦不同區(qū)域的人工神經網絡虛擬實驗最終可能會代替一些動物實驗?？芍?，將來會減少對動物大腦的測試。故選B。A.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段Becausethesystemismeanttolearnonitsown,researcherscan'ttellwhythesystemmadeaspecificdecision,saysneuroscientistFrancescoSavelliatJohnsHopkingsUniversity,whosecommentaryalsoappearsonlineMay9第14頁，共22頁inNature.約翰?霍普金斯大學的神經科學家弗朗切斯科?薩韋利（FrancescoSavelli）稱，由于該系統只能自學，因此研究人員無法說出該系統為何做出特定決定，他的評論也在5月9日在線發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上?？芍?，弗朗切斯科?薩韋利（FrancescoSavelli）不清楚的是人工智能系統是如何工作的。故選A。本文是一篇科教類閱讀，主要講述了像哺乳動物一樣在環(huán)境中導航的人工智能可以幫助解決關于我們自己的內部GPS的謎團。考查社會文化類閱讀理解。做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。16.【答案】【小題1】A【小題2】D【小題3】E【小題4】B【小題5】G【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據上下文：Doyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach？（1）Areyousettingyourselfupforfailureandshamewhenyoucan'tachievetheunachievable？你是否在為一個遙不可及的目標而奮斗？……當你無法實現無法實現的目標時，你是否在為失敗和羞恥而自責？可知（1）應該是一個問句，所以A選項：你有沒有一個理想化的愿景是不可能實現的？意思相符，故選A。（2）D.段落大意題。根據下文的例子,Politicianswhodisplayadesperateneedtoberightandrefusetoacknowledgemistakesoruncertaintyareoftendrivenbyasecretshame.Theyfearthatshowingvulnerability（弱點）willexposethemtotheaccusationthatthey'reweak. 表現出迫切需要正確、拒絕承認錯誤或不確定性的政客們，往往被一種私下的羞恥感所驅使。他們害怕表現出脆弱會讓他們受到軟弱的指責?？芍狣選項：沉溺于完美，保護我們免于任何不完美的跡象。意思相符，故選D。（3）E.聯系上文題。根據上文：Perfectionismkeepsusleaningtowardthefuture.We'reconstantlyevaluatingourselvesinordertodobetter. 完美主義使我們傾向于未來。為了做得更好，我們不斷地評估自己?？芍狤選項：想盡自己最大的努力，一路自我糾正，沒有錯。意思相符，故選E。（4）B.推理判斷題。根據下文：Werealizethatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn'tmeanthatweareafailure.Withoutfailures,we'llneverlearnfromourmistakes；we'llnevermoveforwardinourmistakes第15頁，共22頁lives.Thosewhosucceedhavemadecountlessmistakes.Theimportantthingistolearnfromourerror,forgiveourselvesandmoveon.我們意識到，在任何一個企業(yè)失敗并不意味著我們就是一個失敗者。沒有失敗，我們永遠不會從錯誤中吸取教訓；我們的生活永遠不會向前邁進。那些成功的人犯了無數的錯誤。重要的是從錯誤中吸取教訓，原諒自己，繼續(xù)前進?？芍?選項：治愈完美主義的方法是為我們人類的缺點騰出空間。意思相符，故選B。（5）G.聯系上文題。根據前文"Beinghuman,perfectionisimpossible作為人類，完美是不可能的?！笨芍狦選項：通過接受自己的現狀并盡最大努力，我們開始擺脫變得完美而帶來的羞恥感。意思相符，故選G。這是一篇說明文。文章解釋了導致完美主義心理的原因及危害，并給出了如何治愈完美主義心理的方法。七選五這個題型考查學生把握整篇文章的布局和邏輯層次關系和把握微觀信息間關聯性這種題一般可從以下方面來做：（1）看首段，跳過空格快速通讀全篇，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結構，分析篇章結構，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在，首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義。（2）精讀空格前后兩句，利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項填入空格，七選五空出的是整個句子，可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關性來確定這兩個句子之間有一種關聯性，從而選擇正確的答案。（3）看選項，找出與空前空后句中心詞同義，近義或相關性的詞語，實現關鍵詞的對接，先易后難，各個突破。通過閱讀選項，有可能根據選項中的關鍵詞找出正確選項。（4）注意各選項中出現的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標志詞，最后，用代入法，檢查答案是否合理。21.【答案】【小題1】B【小題2】C【小題3】A【小題4】B【小題5】B【小題6】D【小題7】A【小題8】B【小題9】A【小題10】A【小題11】D【小題12】C【小題13】B【小題14】D【小題15】C【解析】（1）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.approached接近；B.concluded結束；C.occupied占領；D.advanced前進。句意：隨著一天即將結束，我很興奮能見到我的玩伴們和他們第16頁，共22頁一起放松。根據下文Iwasexcitedtomeetmyplayfellows(我很高興要去見我的伙伴們)可知，這一天快結束了，我要下班去見伙伴。故選B項。C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.study學習；B.unite團結；C.relax放松；D.associate與……有關。句意：隨著一天即將結束，我很興奮能見到我的玩伴們和他們一起放松。根據上文meetmyplayfellows(見伙伴們)及常識可知，我是和伙伴們一起去放松。故選C項。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.prescription處方；B.reservation預約；C.receipt發(fā)票；D.diploma文憑。句意：我當時已經在醫(yī)院的特殊區(qū)域外，突然有一個女人來找我，手里拿著一張寫著我名字的醫(yī)生處方。根據下文whatwaswrittenintheprescription(處方上所寫的)可知，此處是一個女人拿著處方來找我。故選A項。B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.reviewed復查；B.checked核實；C.described描述；D.retold復述。句意：