地質(zhì)英語專業(yè)詞匯

一、地層stratigraphy宇eonothem界erathem系system統(tǒng)series階stage群group組formation段member顯生宇PhaneozoicEonothem元古宇ProterozoicEonothem太古宇A(yù)rchaeanEonothem新生界CenozoicErathem第四系QuaternarySystem全新統(tǒng)HoloceneSeries更新統(tǒng)PleistoceneSeries第三系TertiarySystem晚第三系NeogeneSystem上新統(tǒng)PlioceneSeries中新統(tǒng)MioceneSeries早第三系PaleogeneSystem漸新統(tǒng)OligoceneSeries始新統(tǒng)EoceneSeries古新統(tǒng)PaleoceneSeries中生界MesozoicErathem白堊系CretaceousSystem侏羅系JurassicSystem三疊系triassicSystem古生界PaleozoicErathem二疊系PermianSystem石炭系CarboniferousSystem泥盆系DevonianSystem志留系SilurianSystem奧陶系OrdovicianSystem寒武系CambrianSystem新元古界NeoproterozoicErathem震旦系SinianSystem中元古界MesoproterozoicErathem古元古界PalaeoproterozoicErathem地層對(duì)比stratigraphiccorrelation層位horizon標(biāo)志層keybed啞層barrenbed缺失lacuna尖滅featheredge透鏡狀結(jié)構(gòu)lensoid連續(xù)continuity不連續(xù)discontinuity整合conformity不整合unconformity角度不整合angularunconformity平行不整合para-unconformity產(chǎn)狀occurrence走向strike傾角dip真傾角truedip視傾角apparentdip傾伏角plunge側(cè)傾角pitch層理bedding層面beddingplanes交錯(cuò)層理crossbedding二、巖性lithology粘土clay粉質(zhì)粘土siltyclay砂sand礫石gravel沉積巖sedimentaryrock火成巖igneousrock變質(zhì)巖metamorphicrock粘土巖claystone,clayrock頁(yè)巖shale泥巖mudstone粉砂巖siltstone泥質(zhì)粉砂巖argillaceoussiltstone,peliticsiltstone,muddysiltstone砂巖sandstone泥質(zhì)砂巖argillaceoussandstone,peliticsandstone,muddysandstone礫巖conglomerate煤coal灰?guī)rlimestone泥灰?guī)rmarl,marlstone白云巖dolomite蒸發(fā)巖evaporite巖漿巖magmaticrock,magmatite花崗巖granite玄武巖basalt凝灰?guī)rtuff大理巖marble片麻巖gneiss夕卡巖skarn三、礦物mineral石英quartz長(zhǎng)石feldspar云母mica白云母muscovite方解石calcspar角閃石hornblende石膏gypsum硬石膏anhydrite石鹽rocksalt鉀石鹽sylvine光鹵石carnallite溢晶石tachydrite水氯鎂石bischofite四、顏色colour灰色gray白色white黃色yellow藍(lán)色blue綠色green黑色black紅色red棕色brown黃褐色tan深色dark淺色light暗色dull五、構(gòu)造tectonics斷層fault正斷層normalfault逆斷層reversefault沖斷層thrust走滑斷層 strike-slipfault傾滑斷層dip-slipfault斷層面faultsurface斷層線faultline地壘horst地塹graben節(jié)理joint上盤hangingwall下盤footwall落差throw平錯(cuò)heave斷層泥faultgouge斷層角礫faultbrecci海侵transgression海退regression褶曲fold背斜anticline向斜syncline褶軸foldaxis軸隆區(qū)culmination軸陷區(qū)depression翼limb穹窿dome盆地basin六、水文地質(zhì)hydrologicgeology河流river水庫(kù)reservoir泉spring地表水surfacewater地下水groundwater大氣降水a(chǎn)tmosphericprecipitation潛水phreaticwater承壓水confinedwater層間水interstratedwater地下水位groundwaterlevel含水層aquifer,waterbearinglayer隔水層aquiclude,water-resistinglayer弱含水層aquitard透水層permeablebed孔隙含水層porousaquifer裂隙含水層fissured叫uifer巖溶含水層karstaquifer無壓含水層unconfinedaquifer承壓含水層confinedaquifer含水巖組water-bearingformation含水巖系water-bearingrockseries持水度water-holdingcapacity給水度specificyield透水性permeability富水性wateryieldproperty溶洞karstcave孔隙水porewater裂隙水fissurewater巖溶水karstwater補(bǔ)給區(qū)rechargearea徑流區(qū)runoffarea排泄區(qū)dischargearea地下徑流undergroundrunoff地下水排泄groundwaterdischarge降水補(bǔ)給precipitationrecharge地表水補(bǔ)給surfacewaterrecharge越流補(bǔ)給leakagerecharge水文地質(zhì)單元hydrogeologicalunit地下水賦存條件groundwateroccurrence水文地質(zhì)條件hydrogeologicalcondition水文地質(zhì)類型hydrogeologicaltype地下水儲(chǔ)存量groundwaterstorage地下水監(jiān)測(cè)groundwatermonitoring抽水試驗(yàn)pumpingtest注水試驗(yàn)injectiontest入滲試驗(yàn)Infiltrationtest水文調(diào)查hydrologicinvestigation滲透系數(shù)osmoticcoefficient礦床充水floodingoforedeposit礦床充水條件floodingconditionoforedeposit礦床充水水源Watersourceoforedepositflooding礦床充水通道floodingpassageinoredeposit充水巖層floodinglayer老窿水goafwater礦坑涌水量wateryieldofmine正常涌水量normalwateryield最大涌水量maximumwateryield大井法Largediameterwellmethod開采疏干simultaneousdraininginmining地下疏干undergrounddraining地表疏干surfacedraining疏干鉆孔drainwell疏干巷道drainingtunnel礦井突水waterburstinginmines突水點(diǎn)waterburstingpoint防水礦柱orepillarpreventingwaterburst礦井堵水waterblockinginmines探水鉆孑Lwaterexplorationborehole注漿孔groutingwell最高洪水位maximumfloodlevel七、工程地質(zhì)engineeringgeology頂板roof頂板穩(wěn)定性roofstability頂板冒落帶cavingzoneoftopwall頂板裂隙帶fissurezoneoftopwall頂板管理roofcontrol頂板支護(hù)roofsupport頂板崩落collapseofroof底板floor,footwall底鼓footwallheaving巖石物理性質(zhì)physicalpropertiesofrock巖石力學(xué)性質(zhì)mechanicalpropertiesofrock抗壓強(qiáng)度compressivestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度tensilestrength巖爆rockburst軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面weakstructuralplane工程地質(zhì)條件engineeringgeologiccondition八、環(huán)境地質(zhì)environmentalgeology巖崩rockfall滑坡landslide泥石流mud-rockflow地震earthquake地面沉降subsidence地面開裂landcrack地面塌陷groundsurfacecollapse塌陷坑collapsepit地下水污染groundwaterpollution地表水污染surfacewaterpollution污染源pollutionsource地下水資源枯竭groundwaterresourcedepletion地下水質(zhì)惡化deteriorationofgroundwaterquality九、資源/儲(chǔ)量resource/reserve礦產(chǎn)資源mineralresources儲(chǔ)量reserves基礎(chǔ)儲(chǔ)量reservebase資源量resources可采儲(chǔ)量provedreserves預(yù)可采儲(chǔ)量probablereserves探明的measured控制的indicated推斷