2022年高考沖刺英語試題（北京卷）4

2017年北京市高考英語試卷第二部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑．21．（1分）（2017?北京）Samuel，thetallestboyinourclass，______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf．（）A．must B．should C．can D．need知識點：動詞難度：中等解析：答案：Cmust必須；should應(yīng)該；can能夠；need需要；句中thetallestboyinourclass他個子最高，說明他能夠很容易夠到最上面的書．故選C．22．（1分）（2017?北京）﹣Peter，pleasesenduspostcards______we'llknowwhereyouhavevisited．﹣Noproblem．（）A．but B．or C．for D．so知識點：祈使句難度：中等解析：答案：D祈使句+and/so+陳述句，是常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，表示做某事就會怎樣；祈使句+or+陳述句，表示做某事否則就怎樣，其它介詞沒有這樣的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)．故選D．23．（1分）（2017?北京）Everyyear，______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival．（）A．whatever B．whoever C．whomever D．whichever知識點：主語從句難度：中等解析：答案：B根據(jù)句式可知，考查主語從句．句子缺少主語成分，再結(jié)合具體意思，"無論誰做的風(fēng)箏漂亮都會獲獎"，確定whoever．該句式等于Anyonewhomakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwina…whomever在句子里不能充當主語；whatever是無論什么；whichever是無論哪一個都不符合題意．故選B．24．（1分）（2017?北京）﹣______thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday？﹣Yes．Theyarehappywithit．（）A．Didyoucall B．HaveyoucalledC．Willyoucall D．Wereyoucalling知識點：一般過去時及其被動語態(tài)難度：中等解析：答案：A考查時態(tài)．根據(jù)時間狀語yesterday可以判斷出，本句應(yīng)該用一般過去時，B選項是現(xiàn)在完成時；C選項為將來時；D選項為過去進行時，所以答案選A，一般過去時．25．（1分）（2017?北京）______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight，someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes．（）A．Once B．If C．Although D．Because知識點：狀語從句難度：中等解析：答案C．once"一旦"，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句．if"如果"，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句．a(chǎn)lthough"盡管，雖然"，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句．because"因為"，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句．分析可知前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的"讓步"關(guān)系，再結(jié)合句子所表達的意思可知答案選C．26．（1分）（2017?北京）Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree﹣linedstreet，notknowing______shewasheading．（）A．why B．where C．how D．when知識點：賓語從句難度：較難解析：答案：B句中shewasheading作knowing的賓語，是一個賓語從句；前面的aimlessly表示漫無目的，說明的是不知道目的地，要用where來連接．故選B．27．（1分）（2017?北京）Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______theirvaluabletime．（）A．save B．saving C．tosave D．saved知識點：狀語從句難度：中等解析：答案：C句中Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline是完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，后面要用非謂語動詞；tosave表示目的，要用動詞不定式構(gòu)成目的狀語．故選C．28．（1分）（2017?北京）Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeople_______youfigureitout．（）A．because B．though C．until D．since知識點：狀語從句難度：較難解析：答案C．because"因為"，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句．though"盡管，雖然"，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句．until"直到"，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句．since意思是"自從…以來"時，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；意思是"既然"時，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句．分析可知前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的"時間"關(guān)系，可排除A和B；再結(jié)合句子所表達的意思"如果你不理解某事，你可以研究，學(xué)習(xí)，和其他人交談直到你找到答案．"可知答案選C．29．（1分）（2017?北京）Inthe1950sintheUSA，mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome，andwirelessphones_______yet．（）A．haven'tinvented B．haven'tbeeninventedC．hadn'tinvented D．hadn'tbeeninvented知識點：過去完成時及其被動語態(tài)難度：較難解析：答案：D句中invent與主語phones構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)；invent的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞had之前，是過去的過去，要用過去完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)．故選D．30．（1分）（2017?北京）Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，_________frombutterfliestoelephants．（）A．ranging B．range C．torange D．ranged知識點：短語與固定搭配難度：中等解析：答案：A句中有逗號分隔，沒有連詞，要用非謂語動詞；range與collection構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，要用表示主動的現(xiàn)在分詞來構(gòu)成；句意表達的是一般事實，不是未發(fā)生的動作，不能用不定式．故選A．31．（1分）（2017?北京）Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions．（）A．that B．a(chǎn)s C．where D．when知識點：定語從句難度：中等解析：答案：A考查定語從句．這是一個限制性定語從句．本句中的先行詞是problems，在定語從句wemeetinourdailylives中做賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)．where和when引導(dǎo)定語從句在從句中做狀語．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句．所以答案選A．32．（1分）（2017?北京）Jimhasretired，buthestillremembersthehappytime_______withhisstudents．（）A．tospend B．spend C．spending D．spent知識點：短語與固定搭配難度：中等解析：答案：D句中spend作time的后置定語，要用非謂語動詞；句中spend與time構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，要用表示被動的過去分詞來構(gòu)成．故選D．33．（1分）（2017?北京）People______betteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto，andthey'relivinglongerasresult．（）A．willhave B．have C．had D．hadhad知識點：現(xiàn)在完成時及其被動語態(tài)難度：較難解析：答案：B分析句意可知，是拿人們看病的途徑現(xiàn)在和過去進行對比，敘述的是現(xiàn)在的一種客觀情況，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時．另外考查固定短語，haveaccessto可接近的，故答案為B．34．（1分）（2017?北京）Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse，theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened．（）A．hadbeenput B．wereputC．shouldbeput D．wouldbeput知識點：虛擬語氣難度：中等解析：答案：A根據(jù)句意可知，考查虛擬語氣．跟過去事實相反，從句用haddone，主句用wouldhavedone，再結(jié)合newsafetysystem是被投入使用，故用hadbeendone，即答案為A．35．（1分）（2017?北京）Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry．（）A．a(chǎn)t B．in C．on D．by知識點：介詞難度：中等解析：答案D．a(chǎn)tprep．（表示位置）在；在（某時間或時刻）；以，達；向，朝；inprep．采用（某種方式）；穿著，帶著；（表示位置）在…里面，（表示領(lǐng)域，范圍）在…以內(nèi)；（表示品質(zhì)、能力等）在…之中；onprep．（表示方向）向；（表示對象）對；（表示位置）在…上；（表示時間）在…之時；byprep．在…旁邊；表示方式；由于；經(jīng)過．makealivingby"靠…謀生"，by用在此處表示謀生的一中方式；再結(jié)合句子所表達的意思可知答案選D．第二節(jié)完形填空（共1小題；每小題分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上講該項涂黑．36．（30分）（2017?北京）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑．HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlformManitoba，Canada．Oneday，whenshewasfiveyearsold，shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg．Theysawaman（36）Boutofagarbagecan．Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthat，andhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry．Hannahwasvery（37）D．Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood．Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould（38）C，but，ofcourse，thereisnotalotonefive﹣year﹣oldcandotosolve（解決）theproblemofhomelessness．Later，whenHannahattendedschool，shesawanotherhomelessperson．Itwasawoman，（39）Aanoldshoppingtrolley（購物車）whichwaspiledwith（40）D．Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem．ThismadeHannahverysad，andevenmore（41）Btodosomething．Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople（42）Atheyfirstsawthehomelessman．Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad，shewouldn't（43）Casbad．HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces．Shehopedto（44）Dhermessageofhopeandawareness．ShestartedtheLadybugFoudation，anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness．Shebeganto（45）C"BigBosses"lunches，whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto（46）Atothecause．Shealsoorganizedafundraising（募捐）drivein"LadybugJars"tocollecteveryone′ssparechangeduring"MakeChange"month．Morerecently，thefoundationbegananother（47）AcalledNationalRedScarfDay﹣adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada′s（48）Bandhomeless．ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled"Hannah′sPlace"，somethingthatHannahisvery（49）Cof．Hannah′sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas，providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat（50）Boutdoorscanmeandeath．InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities，shehasreceivedalotof（51）A．Forexample，shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe（52）Dofyoungpeopletochangetheworld．But（53）Callthis，Hannahstillhasthe（54）ClifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl，exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople．Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga（55）Dintheworld．Youcan，too!36．A．jumpingB．eatingC．cryingD．waving37．A．a(chǎn)nnoyedB．nervousC．a(chǎn)shamedD．upset38．A．behaveB．manageC．helpD．work39．A．pushingB．carryingC．buyingD．holding40．A．goodsB．bottlesC．foodsD．bags41．A．excitedB．determinedC．energeticD．grateful42．A．sinceB．unlessC．a(chǎn)lthoughD．a(chǎn)s43．A．soundB．getC．feelD．look44．A．exchangeB．leaveC．keepD．spread45．A．sellB．deliverC．hostD．pack46．A．contributeB．leadC．a(chǎn)pplyD．a(chǎn)gree47．A．campaignB．tripC．procedureD．trial48．A．elderlyB．hungryC．lonelyD．sick49．A．a(chǎn)wareB．a(chǎn)fraidC．proudD．sure50．A．goingB．sleepingC．travellingD．playing51．A．praisesB．invitationsC．repliesD．a(chǎn)ppointments52．A．needsB．interestsC．dreamsD．efforts53．A．forB．throughC．besidesD．a(chǎn)long54．A．healthyB．publicC．normalD．tough55．A．choiceB．profitC．judgementD．difference知識點：選詞填空難度：較難解析：36﹣40BDCAD41﹣45BACDC46﹣50AABCB51﹣55ADCCD36．B本題考查動詞辨析A．跳，B．吃，C．哭，D．揮手．根據(jù)后文themanwashomelessandhungry，可以知道此時這個人在垃圾桶撿東西吃，故選B．37．D本題考查形容詞辨析A惱怒的，B緊張的，C恥辱的，D難過的．根據(jù)后文"Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood"可知，她的心情是難過的，同時在第二段最后一句，有sad近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D．38．C本題考查動詞辨析A表現(xiàn)、舉止，B管理、經(jīng)營，C幫助，D工作根據(jù)上文Hannah看到無家可歸的人感覺很難過，所以想要伸出援手，選擇C．39．A本題考查動詞辨析A推；B拿著、扛著，C買，D拿著．主語是無家可歸的女人，賓語是一個老舊的購物車，所以動作為pushing推，故選A．40．D本題考查名詞辨析A貨物，商品，私人物品，不能與inthem搭配；B瓶子，"她的一切都在瓶里"邏輯不通順；C食物，與上文"無家可歸的人撿垃圾的"人設(shè)不符合；D袋子，邏輯通順，"她的一切東西都在袋子里"．根據(jù)后文everythingthewomenownedwasinthem，them指代上文里手推車里堆滿的東西，故選擇D．41．B本題考查形容詞辨析Aexcited激動的，Bdetermined堅定的，Cenergetic有活力的，Dgrateful感激的．由37空Hannah看到那個流浪漢后心中感到不安，及后來她又看到一個無家可歸的女人，原文說ThismadeHannahverysad．正是這種強烈的對比，才使得Hannah決心要幫助無家可歸的人．而且此空前還有evenmore加強語氣，故選B．42．A本題考查連詞辨析．A自從，B除非，C盡管，D當．正如，隨著，根據(jù)上文37空Hannah看到那個流浪漢時，Hannah無法理解為什么有人無家可歸還要餓肚子，Hannahwasverysad．所以此處句意是說自從他們遇到了那個無家可歸的人，Hannah就一直在和她媽媽討論無家可歸的人的生活，hadbeentalking指一直在說，所以這里表示自從，答案選Asince．43．C本題考查動詞辨析A聽起來，B得到，變得，C感覺，D看起來．根據(jù)上文，Hannah的感覺是sad，所以她媽媽告訴她如果她可以做點什么，改變這一切，那么她就不會感覺這么糟糕了，此處應(yīng)填"感到"，故選C．44．D本題考查動詞辨析A交換，B離開、留下，C保持，D傳播．根據(jù)此段第一句的speakout，Hannah開始在公開場合做些關(guān)于無家可歸的人的演講，想呼吁人們關(guān)注他們，根據(jù)speakout，可知此空是說她希望傳播希望和提升人們的意識，故選D．45．C本題考查動詞辨析A賣，B寄送，C主持，舉辦，D打包．根據(jù)此空句子后半句，她會在午餐期間盡力說服當?shù)氐钠髽I(yè)家為這一扶貧事業(yè)做出貢獻．所以此空Hannah是舉辦一些"大老板"午餐，這是她舉辦的一種活動．所以此題選C．46．A本題考查動詞辨析，A做貢獻、出力，B導(dǎo)致，C應(yīng)用，D同意．根據(jù)原文可知，Hannah開始賣飯給當?shù)氐拇罄习澹谶@個過程中她嘗試去說服當?shù)氐拇笊倘藶閿[脫homelessness出一把力，故選A．47．A本題考查名詞辨析A政治或商業(yè)活動，B旅行，C流程，D試驗．根據(jù)本空前一個another，提醒前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過同類型的一個名詞；而前文提到的與募捐有關(guān)的活動，是一個"零錢月"，而another后面的另一個內(nèi)容是"NationalRedScarfDay"，讓人們在當天捐出20美金，同樣也是一個活動，故選A．48．B本題考查形容詞辨析A年長的，B饑餓的，C孤獨的，D生病的．根據(jù)上文第一段媽媽的話中提到"themanwashomelessandhungry"，則和本空相對應(yīng)，名詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選B．49．C本題考查形容詞辨析A意識到的，B擔憂的，C驕傲的，D確認的．根據(jù)下文的描述，Hannah'sPlace分布在了好幾個區(qū)域，能夠給流浪者們提供避難以及躲避嚴寒的地方，所以Hannah已經(jīng)為很多流浪者提供了幫助，是她感到驕傲的事，故選C．50．B本題考查動詞辨析A去、到，B睡覺，C旅行，D玩耍．根據(jù)全文可以知道Hannah幫助的主角是流浪漢，本句想表達的是Hannah'Place能讓流浪漢在嚴寒的日子找到避難所，而這種寒冷的條件下，睡在戶外相當于死亡，故選B．51．A本題考查名詞辨析A表揚，B邀請，C回復(fù)，D約會．根據(jù)下文可知Hannah曾獲得"2007BRICKAward"獎，可判斷主人公因自己的善行獲得了很多表揚，故選A．52．D本題考查動詞辨析A需求，B興趣，C夢想，D努力．根據(jù)前文可知，Hannah曾獲得"2007BRICKAward"獎，這個獎?wù)J可年輕人為改變世界做出的努力，故選D．53．C本題考查介詞辨析A因為，B通過，C除了，D一起．根據(jù)下文可知，Hannah仍然過著普通校園女生的生活，做慈善、領(lǐng)獎等都是校園生活以外的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)前后情節(jié)的邏輯關(guān)系，故選C．54．C本題考查形容詞辨析A健康的，B公共的，C平常的，D困難的．根據(jù)上下文，可知Hannah在慈善活動以外，依舊過著普通校園女孩的生活，和其他女孩并沒有區(qū)別，只是常常要去探望無家可歸的人，故選C．55．D本題考查名詞辨析A選擇，B利潤，C判斷，D不同．根據(jù)上文可知，Hannah是一個通過自己的努力改變世界的年輕人，makeadifference意為使變得不同，有影響，故選D．第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑．（6分）（2017?北京）ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint，NorthCarolina．ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice，stampingtheirfeettostaywarm，Eighth﹣graderTaylorBisbeeshivered（發(fā)抖）alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay．Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell﹣Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore．Suddenly，Parisfelltotheground，"Paris'seyerolledback，"Taylorsays．"Shestartedshaking．Iknewitwasanemergency．"Itcertainlywas，Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure．Withoutimmediatemedicalcare，Pariswoulddie．Atfirst，noonemoved．Thegirlswereinshock．Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout，"DoesanyoneknowCPR？"CPRisalife﹣savingtechnique．TodoCPR，youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans．Withoutoxygen，thebrainisdamagedquickly．Amazingly，TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore．Still，shehesitated．Shedidn'tthinksheknewitwellenough．Butwhennooneelsecameforward，TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR，"Itwasscary．Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，"saysTaylor．Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown．Onegirlcalled911．Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevices（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork．Luckstayedwiththem：Paris'sheartbeatreturned．"IknowIwasreallylucky，"Parissaysnow．"Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis．Myteamsavedmylife．"ExpertssayParisisright：Forasuddenheartfailure，thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly．Today，Parisisbackonthesoftballteam．Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon．Shewantstobeanurse．"Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow，"Taylorsays．"IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation．"56．WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday？BA．Shecaughtabadcold．B．Shehadasuddenheartproblem．C．Shewasknockeddownbyaball．D．Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57．WhydoesParissayshewaslucky？CA．Shemadeaworthyfriend．B．Sherecoveredfromshock．C．ShereceivedimmediateCPR．D．Shecamebackonthesoftballteam．58．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor？BA．Enthusiasticandkind．B．Courageousandcalm．C．Cooperativeandgenerous．D．Ambitiousandprofessional．知識點：細節(jié)理解難度：中等解析：56．B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段Itcertainlywas，Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure．Withoutimmediatemedicalcare，Pariswoulddie可知巴黎在三月的一天心臟病發(fā)作了；故選B．57．C．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章ExpertssayParisisright：Forasuddenheartfailure，thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly可知巴黎說她很幸運因為她立即接受了心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)；故選C．58．B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown．Onegirlcalled911．Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevices（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork可知泰勒勇敢而冷靜；故選B．59．（8分）（2017?北京）Inspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren'spublishing，bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth．WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWMagazine？Well，ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside﹣﹣insteaditisjam﹣packedwithseriousideas．TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren，whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy（哲學(xué)）﹣﹣andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine．What'sinside？Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles，experimentsandcreativethingstomake﹣﹣themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife．Soundstoogoodtobetrue？Takealookonline﹣evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends．HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth？Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday．SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap，aPassportPuzzleBooklet，andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy﹣thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback．59．WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine？DA．Itentertainsyoungparents．B．Itprovidesseriousadvertisements．C．Itpublishespopularsciencefictions．D．Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts．60．WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders？BA．Onlinecourses．B．Articlesonnewtopics．C．Lecturesonabalancedlife．D．Reportsonscientificdiscoveries．61．Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12﹣mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina？DA．￡55．B．￡60．C．￡65．D．￡70．62．SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldgetB．A．freebirthdaypresentsB．fullrefundwithin28daysC．membershipoftheTOKNOWclubD．chancestomeettheexpertsinperson．知識點：推理判斷難度：中等解析：DBDB59．D推理判斷題．根據(jù)第一個方框里內(nèi)容TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren可知，TOKNOW的特別之處在于它會把復(fù)雜的概念變得有吸引力并且很容易接受的，D項符合題意．故正確答案為D．60．B細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二個方框里themagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles可知這個雜志提供了探討新潮話題的文章，B項符合題意．故正確答案為B．61．D推理判斷題．根據(jù)AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack一欄中的RestofWorld￡70可知，不包括歐洲在內(nèi)的其它國家都是￡70，D項符合題意．故正確答案為D．62．B推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句RefundPolicy﹣thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback可知，28天內(nèi)取消訂單你可以收回你的錢，B項意為"28天內(nèi)全額退款"，符合題意．故正確答案為B．（8分）（2017?北京）Measles（麻疹），whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore，wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫苗）．Butthediseaseismakingacomeback，causedbyagrowinganti﹣vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly．Alreadythisyear，115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA，comparedwith189foralloflastyear．Thenumbersmightsoundsmall，buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend．Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh，astheystillareinthenationasawhole，everyoneisprotected．Thisiscalled"herdimmunity"，whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily，includingthosewhocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons，babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork．Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin．Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride，immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger．That'sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty，California，where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth，toBrooklyn，N．Y．，wherea17﹣year﹣oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear．Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades，anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk．Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer．Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout（決定不參加）ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten．Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免），sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine．Now，severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout．Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions．Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons．Butpersonalopinions？Notgoodenough．Everyoneenjoysthelife﹣savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide，butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks．63．ThefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthatA．A．a(chǎn)smallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB．theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC．a(chǎn)nti﹣vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64．HerdimmunityworkswellwhenC．A．exemptionsareallowedB．severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC．thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD．newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws65．Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles？DA．Theoveruseofvaccine．B．Thelackofmedicalcare．C．Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself．D．Thevaccineopt﹣outsofsomepeople．66．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage？CA．Tointroducetheideaofexemption．B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles．C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination．D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment．知識點：主旨大意難度：中等解析：ACDC63．A推理判斷題．結(jié)合文意，文章第一段通過介紹今年和去年的美國麻疹病例數(shù)量試圖證明麻疹正在回潮，即使數(shù)量少，也要引起注意；而第二段則介紹了herdimmunity（群體免疫）以及為第三段群體免疫不成立的條件鋪墊，也就是為了證明團體中少部分人有病癥會導(dǎo)致全體免疫的崩潰．綜合來看，第一、第二段的主旨句為第二段第一句Thenumbersmightsoundsmall，buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend．A項意為"少量麻疹病例可能導(dǎo)致危險的趨勢"，符合題意．B項意為"麻疹的爆發(fā)引起了公眾注意"．文中并未提及麻疹的爆發(fā)，而只是說有少量的麻疹病例，我們不能忽視．故B項錯誤．C項意為"反疫苗行動有醫(yī)學(xué)解釋"．第一、第二段所提及的醫(yī)學(xué)解釋即群體免疫是為了證明反疫苗行動的不合理性的．故C項錯誤．D項意為"關(guān)于麻疹的消息快速傳播"．文中表達為misinformationthatisspreadingquickly，是關(guān)于麻疹的錯誤消息．故D項錯誤．故正確答案為A．64．C細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文中第三段第一句"herdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin"可知需要群體中所有人參與才能形成群體免疫力，C項意為"整個社區(qū)都參與"，符合文中題意．A項意為"允許豁免"，B項意為"多種疫苗同時使用"，D項意為"州立法添加新條例"，均不符合題意．故正確答案為C．65．D細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文中第一段第二句causedbyagrowinganti﹣vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly可知麻疹回潮的原因是抵制疫苗和錯誤消息，D項意為"一些人決定拒絕疫苗"，符合題意．A項意為"疫苗過度使用"，B項意為"醫(yī)療保護的缺乏"，C項意為"麻疹本身特性"，均不符合文意．故正確答案為D．66．C意圖判斷題．文章通過描述群體免疫效應(yīng)以及群體免疫不成立條件論證集體接受疫苗的重要性．故C項符合文意．A項意為"介紹例外性的概念"，文章抵制疫苗接種的例外性，故A項不符合文意．B項意為"討論治療麻疹的方法"，文章并沒有羅列多種方法，而只是強調(diào)疫苗接種．故B項不符合文意．D項意為"呼吁醫(yī)療平等"，文章并未提到醫(yī)療平等問題．故D項不符合文意．故正確答案為C．（8分）（2017?北京）Hollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪惡）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly．Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant．In1960awell﹣knownmathematicianNorbertWiener，whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制論），putitthisway："Ifweuse，toachieveourpurposes，amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere（干預(yù)），wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire．"Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality，onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings：awishtopreserveitsownexistence．Forthemachine，thisqualityisnotin﹣born，norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans；itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead．Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee，itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask．Ifwearenotcareful，then，wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined，superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown，withtherealworldasthechessboard．Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists．Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall，usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld．Unfortunately，thatplanseemsunlikelytowork：wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans，letalonesuperintelligentmachines．SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy．Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines．Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand，asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers．Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams﹣﹣yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans．Otherssaywecanjust"switchthemoff"asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility．StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen．OnSeptember11，1933，famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated，withconfidence，"Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine．"However，onSeptember12，1933，physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron﹣induced（中子誘導(dǎo)）nuclearchainreaction．67．Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemayA．A．runoutofhumancontrolB．satisfyhuman'srealdesiresC．commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD．workfasterthanamathematician68．MachineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeabletoA．A．preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC．doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD．beathumansininternationalchessmatches69．Accordingtosomeresearchers，wecanusefirewallstoD．A．helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB．besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC．keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD．a(chǎn)voidrobots'affectingtheworld70．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines？CA．ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI．B．Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference．C．Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty．D．Itwillstayforadecade．知識點：推理判斷難度：中等解析：67．A．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第一段Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant可知人工智能可能會脫離人的控制；故選A．68．A．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality，onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings：awishtopreserveitsownexistence可知有特定用途的機器與生物有聯(lián)系，部分原因是它們可能能防止自身被破壞；故選A．69．D．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall，usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld可知根據(jù)一些研究人員的說法，我們可以使用防火墻來避免機器人影響世界；故選D．70．C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)最后一段SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy．Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines可知作者認為超級智能機器的安全問題會被解決盡管會十分艱難；故選C．第二節(jié)（共1小題；每小題10分．共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出正確的填入空白處．選項中有兩項為多余選項．71．（10分）（2017?北京）Everyanimalsleeps，butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy．Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep，theydiewithinamonth．（71）COneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories．（72）EWeknowthat，whileawake，freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforeing（加強）connectionsbetweenbraincells，butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear．Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons（神經(jīng)元）inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight，makingroomforfreshmemoriestofromthenextday．（73）FNowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright．（74）GThesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep，showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping．IfTononi′stheoryisright，itwouldexplainwhy，whenwemissanight′ssleep，wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation﹣﹣ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences．Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthesynapsesbecomethinner．Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize．（75）B"Youkeepwhatmatters，"Tononisays．A．Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore．B．It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories．C．Similarly，whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping，theygetsick．D．Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories．E．That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning．F．"Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning，"saysGiulioTononi，whodevelopedtheidea．G．Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections，orsynapses，inthebrainsof12mice．知識點：選句填空難度：較難解析：71．C推理判斷題．該空為首段最后一句．該段首句指出，所有動物（包括人）都會睡眠，但原因仍然