英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛假語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)重點(diǎn)一、氣是的一種形式，它表示人某一行或事情的見(jiàn)解和度。英中有三種氣：述氣：表示表示的作/狀符合客。祁賭氣：表示呼吁、命令、建、告、警示、嚴(yán)禁等。虛氣：表示作/狀不是客，而是夢(mèng)想、假、推等。二、虛假語(yǔ)氣的組成If條件句主句與未來(lái)的事①Should+原形would/should/could/might相反②wereto+原形+原形與在的事①去式+?would/should/could/might相反②were+?+原形與去的事would/should/could/might①had+去分相反+have+原形例：○與未來(lái)的事相反：1.IfProfessorLishouldhavetimetomorrow,wecouldask1himsomequestions.Ifthereshouldbenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theycouldn’tgoout.與此刻的事實(shí)相反：Ifitrainednow,Iwouldnotgoshopping.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.○與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反：1.IfIhadcomeyesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.2.Ifwehadstartedearlier,weshouldnothavemissedthetrain.Ifshehadn’tbeenill,shemighthavecome.請(qǐng)注意三種特別狀況：○上邊的句子大多都能夠改成倒裝句，這時(shí)If就省略了，同學(xué)們要能鑒識(shí)出來(lái)。如：1.Shouldtherebenoair,therewouldbenolivingthings.2.Wereitnotfortheirhelp,weshouldbeinaverydifficultposition.Hadshenotbeenill,shemighthavecome.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。即，主句與從句所指的時(shí)間不一致。1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(從句指現(xiàn)2在，主句指去。)2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(從句指去，主句指在。)○宛轉(zhuǎn)條件句。即，虛的狀況其實(shí)不以條件句表示出來(lái)，而是暗含在上下文中。Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.3.Iwassobusythen,otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesago.三、were式虛假○It’s(about/high)timethat?+去式It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.It’shightimeweweregoing.It’shightimethatpeoplelearntEnglish.○would/hadratherthat?+去式I’dratheryouwenttomorrow.I’dratheryouwerehappy.3(*請(qǐng)注意：有時(shí)wouldrather也會(huì)接過(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí)。)I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidit.I’dratheryouhadbeenpresent.○asif+過(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去asthoughevenifeventhough+一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在此刻如：1.Youlooksasifyouhadseenaghost!Hetalksasifhewereanexpertineconomics.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.(*請(qǐng)注意：asif/though后的從句若表示真切狀況時(shí)，用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣，不用虛假語(yǔ)氣。如：Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.)○虛假語(yǔ)氣用在ifonly指引的痛惜句中，今后的時(shí)態(tài)依據(jù)詳細(xì)狀況而定。如：1.Ifonlythedriverdidn’tdrivesofast!IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.wish今后的虛假語(yǔ)氣較為復(fù)雜。4①were+?與在的事相反②could+原形wish與去的事相反①去達(dá)成②could+在達(dá)成與未來(lái)的事相反①would+原形如：1.IwishIwereyouagain.IwishIcouldhelpyou.Myfatherwishesthathehadgonetouniversity.IwishIcouldhavebeentherelastyear.Iwishthathewouldsettledownhere.四、be式虛假○有些形容今后的主從句用should+原形,should可省略。包括：necessary,good,important,right,wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising,essential,imperative,advisable,desirable,possible,probable,astonishing,desired,suggested,requested,recommended,ordered,proposal,decided,moved,incredible等。如：Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.Itwillbedesired/suggested/decided/ordered/requestedthatshe(should)finishherhomeworkthisafternoon.5○有些名詞今后的主語(yǔ)從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。如，Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyou(should)besocareless.○有些動(dòng)詞今后的賓語(yǔ)從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。包括：advise,direct,agree,ask,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,suggest,recommend,plan,arrange,command,require,think,expect,believe,suspect,urge等。Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedshe(should)beoperated.有些名詞今后的表語(yǔ)/同位語(yǔ)從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。包括：suggestion,proposal,plan,motion,recommendation,demand,order,desire,request,requirement,insistence,advice,decision,idea等。如：1.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)gothereatonce.2.Whatdoyouthinkoftheproposalthatwe(should)putonaplayattheEnglishevening?○forfearthat,incase,lest等今后的狀語(yǔ)從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。如，Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatit(should)bedamaged.請(qǐng)注意：當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持以為”，suggest表示“表6明，顯示”時(shí)，不用虛假語(yǔ)氣。如：ThelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfiedwithwhatIhaddoneforhim.Heinsistedthathewashonest.○I’msorry/surprised/disappointed+從句。從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。如;Iamsorrythatheshouldbeinsuchpoorhealth.7真題回首(共24題)2004年（2題）6.youradviceyesterday,Iwouldhavemissedthetrain.A.HadInottakenB.IfIdidn’ttakeC.IfIhaven’ttakenD.ProvidedIdidnke’tta25.Itishightimethatyoutheproblemcarefullyaboutwhatyouwilldointhefuture.A.arestudiedB.muststudyC.studiedD.study2005年（2題）12.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.willbeputoffD.shouldputoff25.Mr.Smithwouldjustratherwenow,butwemustgotowork.A.notleaveB.didn’tleaveC.arenottoleaveD.won’tleave2006年（5題）I_____alittleearlier,butImetafriendofmineontheway.(宛轉(zhuǎn)條件句)A.shouldarriveB.wouldbearriving8C.couldhavearrivedD.arrived29.Iwouldratheryou_____tothepartywithher.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.hasgone33.It’shightimewe_____somethingtostoproadaccidents.A.aredoingB.didC.willdoD.do35.Itnecessary’thattheproblem_____insomewayorother.A.issettledBhasbeensettledC.besettledD.wassettled40.Iwishyou_____herelastnight.Allofuswerewaitingforyourarrival.A.cameB.hadcomeC.comeD.willcome2007年（2題）11.Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerialtoitsburningtemperature.A.isheatedB.willbeheatedC.beheatedD.wouldbeheated13.Ifhehadbeeninbetterhealth,hemorebooks.A.canwriteB.couldhavewrittenC.couldwriteD.havewritten92008年（2題）8.It’shightimeaboutthetrafficproblem.A.somethingwasdoneB.somethingisdoneC.anythingwillbedoneD.nothingtobedone21.I’mnotsurprisedyoufailedtheexam.Youhaveworkedharder.(宛轉(zhuǎn)條件句)A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.ought2009年（1題）6.Theteacherinsistedthatweourhomeworkbefore9o’clock.A.finishedB.hadfinishedC.finishD.wasfinishing2010年（2題）10.Ipassedthetest.Iitwithoutyourhelp.（宛轉(zhuǎn)條件句）A.wouldnotpassB.wouldn’thavepassedC.didn’tpassD.hadnotpassed20.Itisnecessarythathethetaskbytheendofnextweek.A.fulfillB.willfulfillC.willhavefulfilledD.fulfills102011年（3題）6.rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.（虛假語(yǔ)氣的倒裝）A.WouldsheleaveB.IfsheleaveC.WereshetoleaveD.Ifshehadleft14.Idon’tthinkadvisableitthatTomtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned37.foryourhelp,wewouldn’thavesucceeded.（虛假語(yǔ)氣的倒裝）A.Hadn’titbeenB.HaditnotbeenC.IfithadbeenD.Ifitwere2013年（5題）11.Myadviceisthatshetoapologizetohim.A.goB.wentC.goesD.hasgone15.Ifittoomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupoftea.（宛轉(zhuǎn)條件句）A.isn’tB.weren’tC.wasn’tD.hadn’tbeen26.Youdidn’ttakehisadvice.hisadvice,11yousuchamistake.A.Hadyoutaken;wouldn’thavemadeB.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldmakeC.Wereyoutotake;shouldn’thavemadeD.Haveyoutaken;won’thavemade28.Heasksthatheanopportunitytoexplainwhyhe’srefusedtogothere.A.isgivenB.mustgiveC.shouldgiveD.begiven29.Iamsorrythatheinsuchpoorhealth.A.areB.shallbeC.wereD.shouldbe12增補(bǔ)練習(xí)1.“Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.”“It’stimeyou.”A.doB.didC.hadD.would2.“Ive’toldeveryoneaboutit.”“Oh,I’dratheryou.”A.don’tB.hadn’tC.couldn’tD.wouldn’t3.“Isn’titabouttimeyoutodomorningexercises?”“Yes,itis.Wouldyouliketojoinus?”A.beginB.havebegunC.beganD.hadbegun4.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifIinlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall5.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwiseheagoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored136.Ifonlyhequietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie7.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnightforustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly8.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shesomethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid9.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,Yousotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken11.Butforthehelpyougaveme,Itheexaminations14A.wouldhavepassed.B.wouldpassC.wouldn’thavepassedD.wouldn’tpass12.ZhangLinwasaddictedtocomputergamesduringhislastyearinhighschool,otherwiseheastudentofBeijingUniversity.A.wouldhavebeenB.shouldbeC.hasbeenD.hadbeen13.----Anyinformationaboutyourson?----No.IfonlyIthosetoughwordstohim.A.didn’tsayB.hadn’tsayC.shouldn’thavesaidD.couldn’thavesaid14.Itisimport