高考名詞性從句詳解匯編

學(xué)習(xí) 好資料學(xué)習(xí) 好資料更多精品文檔更多精品文檔高考名詞性從句目錄一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞二.主語(yǔ)從句三、賓語(yǔ)從句四、表語(yǔ)從句五.同位語(yǔ)從句六、名詞性that-從句七、名詞性wh-從句八、否定轉(zhuǎn)移九、高考熱點(diǎn)透視十、專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)---—好資料在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (NounClause^。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從旬。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的分類引導(dǎo)詞的類別常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明連詞that；if、whetherasif,asthough(均表好像、似乎)that無(wú)后、義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句可省略If,whether表是否,/、充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用，位于旬首時(shí)只用whether連接代詞whatwhichwhowhomwhosewhateverwhicheverwhoeverwhomeverwhoseverWhat不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句其意義相當(dāng)于“名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”。連接代詞有詞義，在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)連接副詞whenwherehowwhywheneverwhereverhowever有詞義，在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)。when，什么時(shí)候where,什么地方why,為什么how，怎么樣二.主語(yǔ)從句Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.汪忠：有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首， 而把主語(yǔ)從句置于旬末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：It+be+名詞+that從句It+be+形容詞+that從句It+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that從句It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句當(dāng)堂練習(xí)：Itisimmediatelyclearthefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.watchwaslostisunknown.hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.三、賓語(yǔ)從句Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.更多精品文檔更多精品文檔更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)---—好資料(由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。)Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.汪忠：當(dāng)think,believe,imagine,suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedon'tthinkyouarehere.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。dontbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。當(dāng)堂練習(xí)：The〔companiesareworkingtogethertocreatekheyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportnthe21stcentury.Shealwaysthinksofshecanworkwell.Shewillgiveneedshelpawarm|support.四、表語(yǔ)從句Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.ThatsjustwhatIwant.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.當(dāng)堂練習(xí)：ThelasttimewehadgreatfunwaswewerevisitingtheWaterPark.Hehasbecomehewantedtobetenyearsago.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisisIdisagree.五.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由 that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information>messagenews、order、problem>promise、question、request、suggestion^truth>wish、word等。Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。Thethoughtcametohim|thatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.Weshouldconsiderthestudentsrequesttheschoollibrary[providemorebooksonpopularscience.六、名詞性that-從句1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從旬。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒(méi)有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和形容詞賓語(yǔ)，例如：學(xué)習(xí)---—好資料主語(yǔ)：Thatheisstillaliveisshee丁粹的)luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。賓語(yǔ):JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.約翰說(shuō)他星期三要到倫敦去。表語(yǔ)：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.事實(shí)是近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。同位語(yǔ)：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語(yǔ)：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。That-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語(yǔ)的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：It+be”容詞+that-從句Itisnecessarythat一有必要 Itisimportantthat…重要的是 Itisobviousthat…彳艮明顯 It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信 Itisknowntoallthat…從所周知 Ithasbeendecidedthat?-已決定 It+be銘詞+that-從句Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常識(shí)Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是 Itisafactthat… 事實(shí)是 It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that-分句Itappearsthat…彳以乎 Ithappensthat…碰巧 Itoccurred!tomethat…我突然想起 七、名詞性wh-從句1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等連接代詞和where,when,how,why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等，例如：主語(yǔ)：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.書(shū)銷售如何取決于作者本人。直接賓語(yǔ)：Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。間接賓語(yǔ)：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsa|prize. 俱樂(lè)部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。表語(yǔ)：MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.我的問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位語(yǔ)： Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。形容詞賓語(yǔ)：I'mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。學(xué)習(xí)---—好資料介詞賓語(yǔ)：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo. 那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬?。Wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也常用先行詞it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如:Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob. 還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做這項(xiàng)工作。Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。八、否定轉(zhuǎn)移（閱讀了解）1）將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回來(lái)。注意：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你沒(méi)有生病吧。2）將seem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看來(lái)他們不知道往哪去。Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看來(lái)我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。3）有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我記得從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣一個(gè)人。（not否定動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)having…）It'snotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。（anyone作主語(yǔ)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。）4）有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.（否定X龍語(yǔ)）螞蟻不只是為自己采食。HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.（5定because狀語(yǔ)）他并不因亞里斯多德說(shuō)過(guò)如何如何，就輕信此事。Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatman'syoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.（否定狀語(yǔ)manyweeks）她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見(jiàn)她了，并對(duì)她的美貌著了迷。九、高考熱點(diǎn)透視1.一詞件從句的引導(dǎo)詞熱占八、、2.名詞性從句的語(yǔ)層清3.賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)單4.it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ).名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序均為陳述句語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后的順序1）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用“引導(dǎo)詞 +名詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的語(yǔ)序，如:Idon'tknowwhathashappenedtohim.Iwonderwhosehandwritingisbetter.學(xué)習(xí)---—好資料2）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在名詞性從句作其他成分時(shí)，用“引導(dǎo)詞 +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的語(yǔ)序。Youshouldknowwhytheanswerisright..賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常受到主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的影響， 因而在使用時(shí)要注意將主句、從句兩部分的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。1）當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范疇時(shí)， 從句時(shí)態(tài)不受限制，但不宜使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：Hewasagoodstudent.Ithinkheisagoodstudent.2）當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)范疇時(shí)， 從句時(shí)態(tài)必須在過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)范疇之內(nèi) ，但從句表示客觀事實(shí)和真理時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Hehadbeenagoodstudent.Ithoughthewasagoodstudent.十、專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí).填上適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞.causedtheaccidentwasamanlyingontheground..w川gomakesnodifference..walletwasstolenmustbemadeclear..helefthiswifecuthertotheheart..wegothereremaintobedecided..youunclewillarrivewasnotmentionedinhisletter..youwenttherealonemustbeexplained..IlltakebackIsaid..I'msatisfiedhedid..Tellusyoufuelledtheheavytaskaheadoftime..ThatsIpraiseyou..Theproblemshouldbeourmonitorisnotdecided..Theyhavenoinformationhewasalive..Thisisanotherproofhekilledaman..Theprofessorgaveordersthetestbefinishedbefore6cock.二.語(yǔ)法填空Ireadareportlastnight.Itsays1alotofpeoplediedin2trafficaccident.ButIforget3theaccidenthappenedlastSunday.4[astonishedmemostis5somebabieslost6lives.However,Idon'tknow7thegovernmenthastakensomemeasurestodealwith8.Inmyopinion,9accidenthastaughtusalesson10weshouldobeythetrafficrules.學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)---—好資料更多精品文檔更多精品文檔Bodylanguageisusedeverysingledaybypeopleofdifferentnationalitiesallovertheworld.Itisalanguage_1wordsthatconsistsofgestures,facialexpressionsandbody_2(move)thatgreatlyaddto---andsometimesevenreplace---_3(speak)language.Bodylanguage_4(use)tocommunicatebothattitudesandfeelingsasitisnotalwaysexplicit.Somebodyjumpingforjoyiseasytoseewhilearaisedeyebrowconveyingdoubtiseasiertomiss.Peopleoftenusebodylanguage5purpose.Someonewhodoesnotknowtheanswertoaquestionwillmovetheirshouldersupwardsawayfromtheirupperbodyandthenletthemfall,6(mean),“Idon'tknow”.7,bodylanguagecanbeunconsciousaswell.Aperson_8isfeelinguncomfortableornervouswilloftenholdtheirbodyinaveryrigidmannerandhaveatightlookabouttheirmouths.Theymightalsocrosstheirarmsandmovein9abruptwayKesemblinglarobotmorethanahuman.Theymightnotevenrealisehowtheyareactingbuttheirbodylanguagewilltellanyonewhocarestolookcloselyenough10theyarefeeling.Bodylanguagecanthereforemakepeoplesfeelingsmoretransparentasalthoughwecanliewithwords,itisnotaseasytodosowithourbodies.(三)IntheUnitedStates,therewere222people1(report)tobebillionaires(億萬(wàn)富翁)in2003.The2(rich)oftheseisBillGates,worthatleast$41bill