同等學(xué)歷課件-第七講完形填空

第七講完形填空同等學(xué)歷聯(lián)考完形填空部分的考點(diǎn)相對(duì)分散，涉及語法與詞匯的方方面面，以及考生的閱讀理解能力，因此要較好地完成這個(gè)部分，考生需要全面提高自己的英語語言能力，包括擴(kuò)大詞匯量，比較同義詞或近義詞的差異，區(qū)別形近詞或同根派生詞的差異，掌握動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞/小品詞的固定搭配與不同搭配的意思差別；掌握英語的語法規(guī)則，學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)語境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)方式；盡量避免本族語的干擾；統(tǒng)籌兼顧上下文的意思與結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。Directions:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachnumberedblank,thereare4choicesmarkedA.B.CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Practice1Ourplanetislikeabigspaceship.Ouratmosphereacts

as

ashieldagainstharmfulradiationandspacedebris.

Gravityholdstheairandpeopleonthespaceship,so

that

everythingdoesn’tfloataway.Eachofusisanastronautandourspaceship,theearth,providesourfoodandwater.Thesunisourenergysourceandwithoutitwewouldnotbeabletosurvive.Likeeveryspaceship,theearthisaclosedsystem.Theonlythingwereceivefromtheoutsideisenergyfrom:thesun.everythingelsemustbeused

overandover

again.Weastronautsdon’tseemtorealizethatthisspaceshipisthe

onlyonewe’vegot.Weabuse

itsresourcesandwastetheenergythattheplantshavestoredfromthesun.Ifwedestroyourspaceship,wewilldestroyourselvesaswell.Maybeifwelookattheuniversewhichsurroundsus,wewillappreciateourownspaceshipmoreandtakebettercareofit.51.A.forB.withC.asD.like52.A.GraniteB.GravityC.GratitudeD.Grace53.A.unlessB.evenifC.incaseD.sothat54.A.sourceB.resourceC.originD.supply55.A.AsB.LikeC.WithD.Differentfrom56.A.onceB.neverC.sometimeD.overandover57.A.onlyB.bestC.sameD.biggest58.A.abuseB.utilizeC.adjustD.accumulate59.A.damageB.harmC.destroyD.mutilate60.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.more51．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：常識(shí)與習(xí)慣搭配。as（介詞）+名詞：意為“作為”,toactasashieldmeanstoplayaroleasashield,actlike：“像……一樣”；actfor意為“代理”，actwith意為“謹(jǐn)慎行事”。52．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：形近詞詞義分辨。gravity是“地球引力”；granite“花崗巖”,gratitude“感激”,grace“優(yōu)雅”。53．正確答案：D,要點(diǎn)：邏輯關(guān)系與語法結(jié)構(gòu)—結(jié)果狀語從句的表達(dá)式“everythingdoesn’tfloataway”,是“地球引力”的結(jié)果；Unless“條件從句”,evernif“讓步從句”,incase“目的從句”。54．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：詞義，“太陽能”來源于“太陽的能量”，source“來源”,resource“資源”,origin“起源”,supply“供給”。55．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：英漢差別，Like：介詞或連詞，意思都為“像……一樣”；As：連詞，從句，意為“像…一樣”；介詞解釋為“作為”；differentfrom“與……不同”，意思不符；With介詞，不可能引導(dǎo)條件狀語。56．正確答案：D，要點(diǎn)：常識(shí)：除了太陽能外，地球上的一切都在周而復(fù)始地循環(huán)使用，overandoveragain“再三、反復(fù)”；onceagain“再一次”,sometime“有時(shí)”,never“從來不”不合文意。57．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：常識(shí)與固定搭配：“地球是迄今為止所知道的唯一能載人的行星”，在the____one結(jié)構(gòu)中加入only，意為“唯一”。58．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：語法知識(shí)，and并列結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該是“順加”，能與wastetheenergy“浪費(fèi)能源”呈“順加”關(guān)系的就只有abusetheresources“濫用地球資源”；utilize“利用”,adjust“調(diào)整”,accumulate“積累”均與文意不符。59．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：同義詞辨析，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞，都有“損害”，“破壞”的意思，但完形填空中詞語的選擇常常要參考鄰近的語義相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)的表達(dá)，在這種“假設(shè)-結(jié)果”主從復(fù)合句中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)從句與主句的動(dòng)詞通常相同，這是英語語句結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)則之一。60．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：由于主句的謂語是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，連詞and之前用了比較級(jí)“…,wewillappreciateourownspaceshipmore”，因此其之后也應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)；takegoodcareofsth/sb是慣用的搭配，形容詞good的比較級(jí)是better.Practice2Besidesactiveforeignenterprisesanda

growingnumberofprivateemployers,aconsequentialnewdevelopmentwasthedevelopmentofemploymentinstate-ownedenterprises.Startedbysomereform-mindedQingofficials,theYangwupai,inthelatenineteenthcentury,sizablestate-ownedenterprisesdevelopedprimarily

forthepurposeof

enhancingChina’snationaldefense.Famousindustrialgiantsoftoday’sChinasuchastheshipyardsinShanghaiandheavyindustriesincitieslikeWuhan,Nanjing,andChongqingwerebuiltbytheQingortheRepublicgovernments.Someofthemlatebegantoabsorbconsiderableprivateinvestment.AfterWorldWarII,thistypeofstate-ownedemploymentbecameveryimportant.Laborinthoseenterprisesconsistedbasicallyoftwotiers:alargelymarket-orientedallocationofblue-collarandsomewhite-collarworkers,andamostlystateallocationofmostofthewhite-collarworkersincludingmanagerialandtechnicalpersonnel.Thelatterwasadistortedlabormarketthatfeaturedstrongnoneconomicalconsiderationsinallocatingandmanaginglabor.Personalandkinshipconnections,theso-called“petticoatinfluence”,andpoliticalfavoritismwerethenormforthistypeoflaborallocationpattern.Inaway,itwasmidwaybetweenarathercrudemarket-orientedlaborallocationpatternandthecenturies-old,warm,family-basedtraditionallaborallocationpattern.ItcoveredaverysmallbutimportantportionoftheChineselaborforce,andthus

deserves

ourattention.Later,itapparentlyprovidedthehistoricalprecedentfor

thePRCgovernmenttoallocateitsadministrativeandtechnicalcadres,evenitsentireindustriallaborforce,

as

stateemployees.51.A.growingB.growC.grownD.grew52.A.reform-mindB.reform-minded

C.reformed-mindD.reforming-mind53.A.inthepurposeofB.forthepurposeof

C.bythepurposeofD.withthepurposeof54.A.absorbB.meltC.receiveD.attain55.A.onBinC.ofD.as56.A.noneconomicalB.ineconomic

C.noneconomicD.ineconomical57.A.flavorB.flavoringC.favoredD.favoritism58.A.paysB.putsC.deservesD.devotes59.A.forB.toC.inD.on60.A.likeB.sameC.beingD.as51．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞形態(tài)的語法意義辨析，可以用作名詞前置定語的只有現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞，而名詞number需要的是含主動(dòng)性質(zhì)的定語符合條件的只有g(shù)rowing.52．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：合成形容詞的構(gòu)成“名詞+過去分詞”，只有B選項(xiàng)的結(jié)構(gòu)符合條件。53．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：介詞與名詞的固定搭配，表示目的的只有“forthepurposeof”，in,by和with均與thepurposeof不搭配。54．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：近義詞辨析，主語enterprises與賓語investments要求的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是absorb,“吸納投資”；melt“融化”,receive“接收”,attain“獲得”，與文意不符。55．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞與小品詞的固定搭配，意為“由……組成”，只有of才相符；consistin可以搭配，但意為“在于”，與題意不符；on和as均不與之搭配。56．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：同源形容詞的不同詞義，economy可派生出兩個(gè)形容詞：economic(ofeconomics),與人類的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)相關(guān)，意為“經(jīng)濟(jì)的”；economical(makeaspeicalefforttoavoidwasteormisuseofmoney),意為“節(jié)儉、節(jié)約”；前綴+形容詞—改變詞的意義，但“前綴”是相對(duì)固定的，個(gè)體不能隨意造詞。57．正確答案：D，要點(diǎn)：形近詞與同源派生詞的意義差別，flavor“滋味”，flavoring“調(diào)味品”，均為形近詞干擾項(xiàng)；favored“偏愛的”，favoritism“偏愛”為同源派生詞，但詞性不同，本題需要“名詞”。58．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：deserve,devote,pay均可與attention搭配，但對(duì)主語有不同的要求，deserve要的是attention的受事，而devote和pay要的是施事；put通常不與attention搭配。59．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞provide與介詞的搭配，常見的兩種形式：providesomethingforsomebody;providesomebodywithsomething，本題應(yīng)該取前者。60．正確答案：D，要點(diǎn)：本題還是“作為”的意思，cardres“干部”和laborforce“勞動(dòng)大軍”都是stateemployees“國營職工”，表身份的。Practice3Olderfemalemanagersare51thatworkingunderthe52ofyoungerfemalemanagerscanbeparticularly53.Whileolderwomengenerallyhavelongacceptedthe54ofworkingforyoungermen,somearehavingdifficultycomingtogripswiththeideathatyoungerwomenareoccupyingmoreandmore55positions.Today,nearly1.5millionwomenundertheageofthirty-fiveholdmanagerialjobs,upfrom322,000intheearly1970s.Ontheonehand,this56signalsimprovementinthestatusofcareer-mindedwomen.Ontheother,itcanstifleprogressionandleadtodissatisfaction.Olderwomentendtobedeferential（恭敬的，恭順的）withcoworkersandmaternalwithsupervisors.Such57caninfuriateyoungfemaleexecutivesandcan58stressfulworkingconditions.Conflictoftenarisesbecauseolderworkersfrequentlyfeelthattheywowhowthingsoughttobe59.theiradviceissoughtinsomecases,butmostofthetimetheyareperceivedasa60ofthe“problems”byyounger,career-orientedfemalemanagers.51.A.foundingB.findC.foundedD.finding52.A.superstarB.superpowerC.supervisionD.superman53.A.frustratingB.frustrationC.frustratesD.frustrate54.A.availabilityB.inevitabilityC.evadabilityD.instance55.A.managerialB.managerC.manageD.management56.A.taintB.tentC.trendD.tend57.A.behaveB.behaviorC.behalfD.belief58.A.causeB.motiveC.eD.result59.A.usedB.forgottenC.doneD.carried60.A.southB.sourceC.saucerD.sought51．正確答案：D，要點(diǎn)：識(shí)別find的過去時(shí)與found的原形，動(dòng)詞“找到”的四種時(shí)態(tài)形式：find,found,found,finding；動(dòng)詞“建立”的四種時(shí)態(tài)形式：found,founded,founded,founding；本題的句義需要“找到”的意思，語境要求“進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)”。52．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：介詞與名詞搭配：underthesupervision“在……監(jiān)督下”，符合文意，superstar“超級(jí)明星”,superpower“超級(jí)大國”,superman“超人”，均與文意不符。53．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：主語為動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，表語的通常陳述主語的性質(zhì)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A現(xiàn)在分詞可表性質(zhì)，B，為名詞表抽象概念，C為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱式，而D則是動(dòng)詞原形，二者均不可能在canbe之后出現(xiàn)。54．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：反義詞選擇與形近詞干擾，語句需要意為“必然性”的詞，avoidability“可避免性”,evadability“可躲避性”，instance“實(shí)例”，均與文意不符。55．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：同根派生詞的不同詞性，文意要求名詞的前置修飾語，最佳選擇為managerial；

manager名詞，指人，“經(jīng)理”,manage動(dòng)詞原形“經(jīng)營，管理”,management概念名詞，“管理”。56．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：形近音近詞，上下文提示“年輕女性紛紛進(jìn)入管理階層”，形成趨勢，語境需要名詞做主語；taint“污點(diǎn)”,tent“帳蓬”,tend動(dòng)詞，“傾向于”，均與文意不符。57．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：形近詞與派生詞，根據(jù)語境需要主語，排除A，根據(jù)上文“年長女性與年輕女性之間的代溝”，排除C和D；behave動(dòng)詞，“舉動(dòng)”,behalf名詞“利益”,belief名詞“信任”。58．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：近義詞辨析，根據(jù)語境需要及物動(dòng)詞，排除非動(dòng)詞的B和C，與不及物動(dòng)詞D；motive名詞，“動(dòng)機(jī)”,e名詞，“結(jié)果”,result不及物動(dòng)詞，“結(jié)果”。59．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：釋義參照下的詞語搭配，中心詞things表達(dá)模糊概念，需要與之搭配的動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)表達(dá)模糊概念；選項(xiàng)A，B和D均為概念清晰的動(dòng)詞，used“使用”,forgotten“忘記”,carried“攜帶”。60．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：形近詞辨析，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中可被ofproblem限定的名詞，只有source;sought“尋找”為seek的過去時(shí)或過去分詞，詞性不符，排除項(xiàng)；south“南方”,saucer“茶杯托”,釋義與文意不符。Practice4Iamnotconvincedthatthisargumentisparticularlygoodnewsforelderswhomaybehopingtoenjoythetimeoftheirlives.Whatmaybegoodnewsisperhapsbestforgottenbythosewhoaretoilingonfromdaytoday,andgettingbyasbesttheycan.Causationisitselfanunsettlingmatterfortheunscienticmind.Whichwouldyouratherfeel:thatyourcancerhasbeengeneticallyprogrammed,inducedbystressorcausedbyviruses?Broughtaboutbyyourownfollyinsmokingcigarettes,asKirkwoodhimselfappearstotakeforgranted—broughtaboutcasuallyandspontaneouslythroughtheoperationofchance?Ifitisputbeforetheminthisway,mostpeoplewouldrathernotthinkaboutthematteratall.Kirkwoodtakesadifferentview,maintainingthatthemoreweknowabouttheageingprocess,themorewecan“exerciseagreaterdegreeofpersonalcontrol”.commonsensecertainlytellsusoldiestotakeiteasy,tocutdownabitonfoodandalcoholandstrenuousexercise,butweknowthisfromthefeelofourbodiesratherthanfromwhatwereadabouttheprogressofscience.51.A.hopB.hoppingC.hopingD.humming52.A.boilingB.toilingC.choppingD.cutting53.A.willB.shouldC.mayD.can54.A.unsettlingB.unbelievableC.unworkingD.understanding55.A.patternedB.framed

C.programmedD.planted56.A.toB.forC.upD.in57.A.ageB.agesC.agedD.ageing58.A.exerciseB.danceC.repeatD.run59.A.offB.downC.inD.up60.A.mindsB.partnersC.bodiesD.board51.正確答案:C,要點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)與結(jié)構(gòu)，定從主語為“人”，謂語為”maybe+v-ing+to不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)要求謂語是表“意愿的動(dòng)詞”，才能后接不定式賓語;選項(xiàng)A為動(dòng)詞原形，被排除；選項(xiàng)B“跳躍”和D“嗡嗡叫”，均不合文意。52．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：主謂搭配，定從的主語為“人”，謂語動(dòng)詞之后沒有賓語，要求不及物動(dòng)詞做謂語，toiling，不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“辛勤勞作”；boiling“煮沸”,可以是及物也可以是不及物，意思不符；chopping“剁碎”,cutting“切下”，均為及物動(dòng)詞，需要具體對(duì)象做賓語。53．正確答案：D，要點(diǎn)：助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的詞義以及特定句式搭配，asbest(as)onecan,意為“盡人所能，把事辦好”，在as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)中通常只用can.54．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：相同“前綴+動(dòng)詞派生形容詞”的詞義辨析，unsettling“懸而未決的”,符合文意；unbelievable“難以置信的”,unworking“賦閑的”,understanding“理解的”，均不合文意。55．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：因果邏輯，programmed“編程的”,是內(nèi)部組織病變，與“癌癥基因”成因果關(guān)系；patterned“仿造的”,framed“加外框的”,planted“種植的”，均為外因，與“癌癥基因”不成因果關(guān)系。56．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞短語的固定搭配，takeforgranted,意為“認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然”。57．正確答案：D，要點(diǎn)：aging“老化”的過程是個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)變化過程；介詞之后的名詞前置形容詞，themore…themore…結(jié)構(gòu)提示process需要?jiǎng)討B(tài)的形容詞，不管A與B選項(xiàng)的age是動(dòng)詞還是名詞，在這個(gè)語境中均為排除項(xiàng)；C為過去分詞，靜態(tài)，排除項(xiàng)。58．正確答案：A，要點(diǎn)：動(dòng)賓搭配，賓語為personalcontrol“自控能力”，exercise“行使，運(yùn)用”,與“自控能力”可以搭配；dance“跳舞”,repeat“重復(fù)”,run“跑，發(fā)動(dòng)（汽車）”均無搭配。59．正確答案：B，要點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞與小品詞搭配，意思辨析，cutdown“削減”,cutoff“切斷”,cutin“插嘴”,cutup“切碎”根據(jù)下文的“食品”與“酒”，排除A，C和D。60．正確答案：C，要點(diǎn)：兼類詞的釋義，feel在該語句中是名詞，需要一個(gè)后置介詞短語，表限定關(guān)系，作為名詞意為“感覺”，人的感覺通常與其機(jī)體相關(guān)，而不與minds相關(guān),那是屬于超越感覺的理性思維，人的commonsense是自我的感悟，與他人partners“伴侶”,board“董事會(huì)”關(guān)系不大，選項(xiàng)A，B和D均可排除。Practice5IwasreadingShirleyHazzard’snovel‘theTransitofVenus’.ThoughIhadadmiredherotherbooks,Ihadalwaysresistedthisone.Itstruckmeastoopuresomehow,tooheroic,largerorfinerthanlifeandthereforeunreal.ButnowIreaditwithanalmostindescribablepleasure.Thereweresentencesthatbroughttearsofgratificationtomyeyesandraisedthehairsonthenapeofmyneck.IwasinaBostonhospital,proppedtipinbedwithafeedingtubeinmyarmafterundergoingsurgeryforcancer.Itwasadoubleroomandmyroommate,whogrowledwhenhespokebecausehehadbothabrokenchinandadrughabitwassprayingtheairforthefourthorfifthtimethatdaywithperfume.Hehadatelevisionsetandaradiogoingatthesametime.Thediagnosisofmycasewasambiguous.WhenIaskedthedoctortheusualquestion–howmuchtimehaveIgot?—hehesitatedbeforeanswering.“Iwouldsay,”hesays,“thatyouhaveintheneighborhoodofyears.”51.A.dislikedB.ignoredC.haddislikedD.hadadmired52.A.strokeB.strikeC.struckD.striking53.A.indescribableB.describableC.detectableD.indetectable54.A.broughtlaughterB.broughttearsC.broughtpicturesD.broughtbooks55.A.raise