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5/20大連理工大學(xué)本科外文翻譯在室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)中的知覺(jué)與錯(cuò)覺(jué)
PerceptionandIllusioninInteriorDesign大連理工大學(xué)DalianUniversityofTechnologyPerceptionandIllusioninInteriorDesignAnnaJaglarzDepartmentofArchitecture,WroclawUniversityofTechnology,St。Prusa53/55,50—317Wroclaw,Polandanna。Abstract。Besidephysicalmethodstomodifythelimitsofinteriorspace,therearealsosomedesigndecisionsandtricksthat(yī)canchangetheperceptionofavisualspace.Therefore,it’spossibletocorrectinteriorwithoutredesigningordestruction-breakingoldwallsandmakingnewones,forexample,withthehelpofopticalillusionsthatchangevisualperceptionofinteriorspace.Aroomcanbevisuallyenlarged,deepened,broadened,heightened,narrowed,orlowered。Thingslikecolor,lighting,interiorelementsplacement,integrat(yī)edhorizontalorvertical–lines,shapes,mirrorsandevenstyleofinteriorequipmentandfinishingmaterialscancorrecttheinteriorspacebecausetheycanhaveasignificantimpactonthesize,proportionandmoodofaspace.It’spossibletoachievegreateffectsbycombiningknowledgeofperceptionandknowledgeofdesign.Keywords:interiordesign,senseofvision,visualperception,opticalillusion.1IntroductionThereisconsiderablescopetoachievegreatandsometimessurprisingeffectsininteriorsformat(yī)ionbycombiningknowledgeofperception,knowledgeofopticalillusions,visualtricksandknowledgeofcontemporaryinteriordesign.Byopticalillusionswemeanthosechangesinvisualperceptionofaroomsizeandproportionsthatoccurundertheinfluenceofpsychologicalphenomenon,visualmemory,visualimpressions,colorperception,contrasts,brightnessintensityandfocalbrightness,glare,visibilityoftaskdetail,illumination.Thesearethemajorfactorscomprisingtheperformancerequirementsforthevisualenvironment.Thesearealsobasicfactorsinfluencedourperceptionofspaceandouremotionalresponsetospace.Properplanning,interiorelements,furnitureandmirrorsplacementcancorrecteveryspace,whilecolorandlightingconsiderationscanbeusedtoemphasizethespaceorplace。Withunderstandingtheeffectofcolorandlightontheperceptionofspacedesignerscanshapeandmodifythevisualexperienceofroom,forexample,bymanipulatingtheperceptualroleoflighting?bothtofacilitat(yī)evisualtasksandtodefinethe..visualboundariesandhierarchyofaspace,area,oractivity.Designerscanalsomanipulatethepsychologicalroleoflightingtohelpestablishasenseofintimacy,privacy,coziness,cheerfulness,orsombernessintheroom.Theuseofcolorininteriordesignshouldbebasedonknowledgeofcolorperceptionandknowledgeofcolorimpactonhuman。Opticaleffectsofcolorsareavisualeffectsassociatedwiththeperception.Theyalsoincludevarioustypesofopticalillusionsandvisualtricks.Psychologicaleffectsofcolorsarefeltinemotionalandrelat(yī)edtofeelings,andimpressions.Coloroflightisalsosignificant。Subtlechangesinthecolortoneoflightcaninfluencethesubconsciousjudgmentofinteriorspace.Amirrorandmirrorillusionsareanexcellentandspecificwayofmodification,inparticularenlargingofroomspace。Thiseffectiscreatedthankstoreflectionandopticalillusions.Experimentswithamirrorandmirrorsurfacesarejustifiedespeciallyinsmall-scaleroomslikebathrooms,halls,staircasesetc.Onemorethingthatalsocausestheroomcanbechangedandcorrectedisthestyleandkindofinteriorelementsandfinishingmaterials.Theeffectcanbearesultofmaterialtype(wood,metal,glass,plastic,textilesetc.)ormaterialfeaturesandcharacteristics(pattern,texture,ornament,color,glossetc.).[1,2]2VisionThesenseofvisionisbasedontheeye’sabilitytoabsorbandprocessselectivelyportionoftheelectromagneticspectrum.Thatelectromagneticspectrumwecalllight。.Thissenseisparticularlyessential,becauseisusedformostfunctionsthatrequireaunderstandingofspatialrelationshipanddetail.Firstofall,visionincludestheprocessoforientat(yī)ionandtheformationofspatialimpressions.Butitalsoinvolvesscanningavarietyofinformationcues,makingsimultaneousorsuccessivecomparisons,andassigningmentalprioritiesregardingimportance.Visionisusedforidentificationofsignificantinformationsourcesandthesubsequentgettingofrightquantitativeandqualitativeinformation.Finally,visionisconnectedwithperceptionandinterpretationmovementandratesofchange。Perceptionofcolor,responsetobrightness(adaptation,judgmentofbrightnessdifferences,glare,effectofaging),thevisualfield(perceptionoffinedetailinthevisualfield,detectionofmovement),theluminousenvironment?arejustsomeoftheareasthat(yī)shouldbeconsidered..Withunderstandingofthebasicaspectsofvisionandperceptionandknowinghowthehumanvisualsystemworks,designerscancreat(yī)eagreatvarietyofdifferentinteriorfeels。[1]3LightsLightaffectsthevisualqualityofaspaceandthesenseofwell-beingexperiencedbyusersofthat(yī)space。Lightpatternsandstructuresinfluenceoursenseofspace,ourimpressions,andconsequentlyouractions.Therefore,thedesignershouldbecomesensitivetotheusesofsparkle,silhouette,intensity,colortone,andotherformsofspatiallight.Thedesignermustrecognizethatthecorrectuseoflightstructuresisfundamentalinsatisfyingsomespace—activityrequirements,suchasreinforcingattractionorattention,emphasizingimpressionsofvisualclarityandspaciousness,enhancingimpressionsofprivacyandrelaxation,stimulatingsensationsofspatialintimacy,warmthorcoziness,orreinforcingimpressionsofcheerfulness。[1]3.1TheEffectofLightonUserOrientationandRoomComprehensionSomelightingpatternsaffectpersonalorientat(yī)ionanduserunderstandingoftheroom。Spot-lightingorhigh-contrastfocallightingaffectsuserattention,consciousnessand,forexample,userabilityofconcentration.Walllightingandcornerlightingaffectuserunderstandingofroomparameterslikesize,heightandshape,determiningormodifyingthesenseofvisualspacelimits.[1]3。2TheEffectofLightonImpressionsofActivity,SettingandMoodOtherlightingmodelsseemtosuggestthatlightcanbeamediumthat(yī)assistcommunicationofspatialideas,impressionsandmoods.Inthissenselightingpatternscanassisttheinteriordesignerincreatingimpressionsofplayfulness,pleasantness,seriousness,tension,andotherqualities。Thedesignercanalsouselightpatternstoaffectpsychologicalandsocialimpressionssuchasintimacy,privacy,warmthandcoziness。Lightingcanbeusedtoproduceasolemnandfestiveatmosphereforceremony,partyandshowortoproduceanaustereandsoberatmosphereformeditat(yī)ion,relaxat(yī)ion.Lightingcanproduceacold,impersonalpublicplaceorreinforceanimpressionofawarm,intimat(yī)eplacewhereagreatersenseofprivacyisrequired。Theseimpressionsormoodscreatingbylightareoftenfundamentalinsatisfyingexperienceandactivityrequirementsinadesignedspaceandtheyareessentialconditionofwell-beingexperiencedbyuserofthatspace。Lightinginthiscaseshouldbesee(cuò)nnotonlyasanaestheticaspectshapingthehumanenvironmentbutratherasatoolforinfluencinghumanbehavior,performance,andactivity.[1]3.3ColorofLightSubtledifferencesandchangesinthecolortoneoflightcaninfluencethesubconsciousjudgmentofthegeneralenvironment.Perceptualawarenessofthisaspectoflightsismostintenseandnoticeablewhenachangefirstoccursorwhentheindividualfirstentersaspace,beforetheeyeshastimetoadapttothenewcondition.Subtleshiftsintheperceptionsofsurfacetonesandcolorsaffectthesenseofwarmthorcoolnessassociatedwiththevisualspace.Peopletendtoassociateawarmvisualatmospherewithhuesofyellowthroughorangeandredtored-purple。Warmlightsourceslikethesun,manyincandescentlamps,andsomenewfluorescentlampstendtocreat(yī)eadominantimpressionofvisualwarmthbyemphasizingthesehueswhilegrayingothers。Ontheotherhand,coollightsources,suchasskylightandsomefluorescentandmetalhalidelampsemphasizethecolorsthattendtocreat(yī)eacoolvisualat(yī)mosphere,fromhuesofblue—purplethroughblueandblue-greentoyellow-green.Detailedobservationofthesephenomenonmayleadtodefinitiveguidelinesonthecoloratmosphereanditsimpactonsensoryresponses。Recentresearchinthisareaindicat(yī)es,forinstance,that(yī)thecolortoneofanenvironmentalmayaffectperceptionofenvironmentaltemperature。Designersmaybeinapositiontoconserveenergythroughcarefulanalysisofvisuallymodifiedsensoryresponses.[1]4LightIllusionsDesignerscanshapeandmodifythevisualexperienceofroom,forexample,bymanipulatingtheperceptualroleoflighting?bothtofacilitatevisualtasksandtodefinethevisualboundariesandhierarchyofaspace,area,oractivity.Designerscanalsomanipulatethepsychologicalroleoflightingtohelpestablishasenseofintimacy,,cheerfulness,orsombernessthat(yī)isappropriateasbackgroundfortheintendedactivity.Apparentlylightanddarkarenotantagonisticbutrat(yī)hercomplementaryphenomenon.Withoutshadelightcanlosemuchofitseffectivenessasacommunicatingmedium。Throughthecarefulmanipulationoflightanddarkorcorrectusingoflightstressesdesignerscanshapeandmodifythevisualexperienceofinteriorspace.Whenusingopticalillusionsforvisualcorrectionofthespace,asignificanteffectisachievedbythecorrectuseoflightstresses。Changeinthebrightnessofsomeroomsectionsresulted,forexample,fromtheirdifferentfunctions,isessentialprocedure.Theeffectofincreasingthevisualheightofaroomismadewiththehelpofceilingdecorationwithintegratedlamps。Besides,designerscangainthiseffectwiththeuseofthe3—Dstructureofsuspendedceilings,mirrorglass,illuminatinginthetoppartofaroom,orbycreationofashinysurface.Lightcoldcolorsandshinytexturesvisuallylevelceilingup.Illuminationofceilingwithintegratedlamps,cancreateinterestingeffect–ceiling“dangling”abovearoom。om.It'salsopossibletoevenlyilluminatewallsandlowercornersofaroomwithsmalllamps.Inthiscaseitwillvisuallylookwider.Ifthespace,onthecontrary,mustbenarrowed,designershouldilluminateuppercorners。。Tomakearight-angledroomlookmoresquare,toamonotonousandequallyilluminatingofthethreewallsdesignercanaddanexpressedlightstressontheforthwall,thefarthestone.Besidesthat,designerscanchangevisualproportionoftheroomthroughtheexperimentswiththelightunderlyingofsomeinteriorobjects.Alltheillusionsofbrightness—contrastmaybeproducedbylighting.Surfaces,formsanddetailsmayappearlargerorsmaller,harshoralmostobliterated,heavyorlight.Infact,lightingplaysanimportantpartininfluencingthemoodorexpressionofaroom.Aceilingmaybe“lifted"bylightoritmayhanglowandthreat(yī)eningwhendark,,duetorelativelylittlelightreachingit.Columnsmayappeardarkonalightback-groundorviceversa,andtheseillustratetheeffectsofirradiation.Designercanalsocreatetheperceptionofalargerspacewiththeuseoflighting.Justasalightercoloredceilingcreatesthesenseofopennessandspaciousness,sotoo,canbrightwindowsandnat(yī)urallight.Blindsandwindowcoversminimizewindowexposureandmoderatenaturallight,sothewindowcoveringsshouldbeusedsparinglyinsmallerrooms.Maximizingthenaturallightwillemphasizethespaceandmaketheroomappearlargerandbrighter。It’spossibletousethereflectionoflighttomakeaspacelooklarger.Strat(yī)egicallyplacingamirror,orevenacollectionofmirrors,intherelevant,appropriatepartoftheroomisaneasywaytousethereflectionoflighttoadvantageindecorat(yī)ingasmallspace.Decoratingasmallroomwiththegoalofmakinglimitedspacefeelmorespaciouscanbee(cuò)asywhendesignerconsidertheimpactofcolorandlightonuserperceptionofspace.Byusingcolorandlighttouseradvantage,designercanemphasizethespaceintheroomandmakesmallroomfeelmoreopenandspacious。Spaceofroommaybegivenavarietyofmoodsorexpressionsbyvaryingthelighting.Thevariousmoodsmaybeconsideredtobeillusionsbecauseinfacttheroomanditsphysicalcharacteristicshavenotbeenalteredinreality.Itshouldbeobviousthatlightingisafactorwithhighpotentialofinteriorcreating。[1,3]5CreatingSpaciousnesswithColorIllusionsColorandcolorcombinationsareanextremelyeffectiveandmany-sidesinstrumentavailablefordesigners.Itpossibletovisuallychangethespaceinallthreedimensionsbycorrectlycontrollingground—colorsandcolorstresses。Itisnecessaryfirsttoexaminetheeffectsoflightanddarkcolorswithinasmallspace.Lightcolorsmakeroomsandobjectslooklargerthantheyare,whiledarkercolorsmakethemlooksmallerandheavier.Lightercoloredceilingsandfloorscreatethee(cuò)ffectofahigherceiling,whereastraditionallydarkcolorsmakeceilingslower.Lightcolorsvisuallybroadenthespaceandaroomseemswiderandlarger.Thesameappliestowallcolor,sousinglightwallcolorswithmatchinglighttrimandbase-boardswillalsomakespacesee(cuò)mlarger.Althoughlightercolorsdocreateanairysense,thisdoesnotmeanthat(yī)interiordesignersarelimitedtousinglightercolorswhentheyarrangeanddecorat(yī)easmallroom.Inpractice,contrastingdarkcolorswithlightercolorsfurtheremphasizestheeffectofspaciousness。Forexample,adarkcouchonlightcoloredflooringandonlightwallbehindit,asasingledarkelementagainstalightbackground,willseemsmallerthanitactuallyisandnotverylargeroomwillappearmorespacious.Itispossibletousedarkcolorstocreatethesenseofopennessandspaciousnessinasmallerspace。Theessentialconsiderat(yī)ionistousedarkercolorsincontrastwithlightercolorstocreatetheillusionofmorespace.Itisalsoimportanttoreduceofdarkcolorstoafewsmallitems。Irrespectiveoftheuselightanddarkcontrasts,designerscanshapeandmodifythevisualexperienceofinteriorspacethroughthecarefulandcorrectmanipulatingthewarmandcoolcolors.Forexample,ifaroomisnotbig,theycan“broaden"itswallsbyusinglightcoolcolorsinfinishing–grey—blue,pearl,orpalegreen。Ifaroomislarger,pastelordeepcolorsinawarmspectrumwillbeappropriateforit.t.Tothecolorsthatvisuallybroadenthespacethefollowingonesbelong:neutralwhite,lightbeige,warmbeige-orange,differentshadesofyellow,coldlightblue,blue,coldblue-green.Tothecolorsthatcreatetheeffectofrestraintandclosenessofthespacethefollowingonesbelong:black,darkbrown,blue—green,blue-violet,richred,yellow—red,orange-red,warmreddishcolors.Therearealsoneutralcolorsthat(yī)don’tquitechangethespaceperception.Thesearegreen,purple-red,violetandgrey。Thebroadeningofvisuallivingspacecanresultfromacommoncolor—gradeofasittingroom,akitchen,andadiningroom。Especiallythecoloroffloorsandwallsinthisareashouldbethesameasthemaincolorsofmajorpartthatisusuallylivingroom。Applicationoflightandwarmcolorsinthemainroommakestheflatlookwider,largerandmorespacious.Theeffectofabiggerheightisachievedbycoloringthefloorinrichandsat(yī)urat(yī)edcolors。Redandallshadesofredeffectivelyaccentuatehorizontallinesandplanesofthefloor。Blueandallitsshadesonthefloorarecoldandunpleasantinthereception,especiallyonthelargepartoffloor,but,atthesametime,itseemsbigandwide.Warmyellowandallitsshadesonthefloormakearoomspare,brightandsunny;however,lightcolorvisuallydoesn’tgiveastablesupportforlegsandheavyelementsofinterior.[1,2,4]6MirrorIllusionsThemirrorincreasinglybecomesamaterial,orrat(yī)heratoolforcreationofinteriorspace.Therearemanymirrortricksthatcanimprovetherealinteriorproportions,modifytheroomintermsofspaciousness.Thefirst,andperhapsthemostfamoustrickisgainingofenlargedroomthroughthelargemirrorsurfaces.Thisprocedurecanbeusedinlivingrooms,separatedorcombinedwithakitchenette,androomsthatshouldbealarge,spacious,brightandelegant.However,itisparticularlyjustifiedinthesmall-scaleroomslikebathrooms,halls,staircasesetc。Theyareusuallysmallandquitetight,soanyextraspace,evencreatedusinghelpofmirrorreflections,increasestheirat(yī)tractiveness。Mirrortricksandmethodsisespeciallyappropriateintheinteriorofasmall—scalebat(yī)hroom。Itfollowsfromthespecificfacts:?mirrorisoneofthenecessaryfunctionalitemsinthebathroom–themirrorisbigger,thebetter,?usersspendalotoftimeinthebathroomwhereengageinmanydifferentactivities,andthisplaceshouldbecomfortableandaesthetic,lightandairy,theyhavetofee(cuò)lgoodinit,?thebathroomnormallyisorganizedontheverylittlespace,usuallydevoidofwindows.Therefore,insteadofasmallmirroroverthesink,backgroundoffwallcanbecoveredwithamirror,thatwillmakebathroomseemmuchbigger,andadditionallybrighterthroughtheimpressionofincreasingofreflectinglightsamount.Theeffectofincreasingthevisualspaciousnessofaroomismadeevenwiththehelpofmirroronapartofthewallormirroredclosetdoors.Itispossibletoimprovetherealproportionsoftheroom,takingintoaccountprinciplesthattheverticalsurfacesofthemirrormakeeffectofbiggerroomheight,andhorizontalsurfacesofthemirrormakeroomseemlower,butwider。Themirrorlocatedoppositethewindoweffectivelycausesbrighterinterior.Reflectioncanalsobeusedtocreateadifferentkindofspatialtricks。Forexampletheplantslocatedagainstamirrorbackgroundwillvisuallylookmoreimpressive。Twomirrorsmountedatrightanglescreateamazingillusionofafour—timesin-creasedspace.However,thesetofmirrorsfacingeachothercanbeusedtocreatee(cuò)ndless"tunnelsofreflections。"Themirror,properlyfittedonthewallorceiling,maygivetheimpressionofincreasingthenumberoflightpoints.Thistrickcannotonlybrightenaroom,butoftenmaketheinteriormoreinteresting,richer,ormorerepresentative.Themirrorembeddedintheceilingvisuallyliftsitup,opticallyincreasestheroomandopensthemup。Thesetrickscanbeusedinresidentialroomssuchasbedroomandbat(yī)hroom,aswellaspublicinstitutionssuchasshops,boutiques,clubsorrestaurants.Themirrorintheinteriorisconnectedwiththeabilitytocreat(yī)eopticalillusions,reproductions,distortions—to—measure"distortingmirror”usedtoemphasizetheimportance,validity,attractionofplace,andofteninordertostimulatetheimaginat(yī)ionoftheviewer,totakehimbysurprisewithcuriosityformandspacethatarenotalwaysrealisticandcomprehended.Numberofmirrorcombinat(yī)ions,statements,invoices,systems,methodsoftheirconnections,aswellasthenumberofpossibleeffectsandimpressionsseemstobeunlimited。However,thematterofamirrorthroughitsneutralcolorsandtextureseemstobeacorrespondingelementforalmosteverykindofspace。[2]7StyleandDecorat(yī)ionIllusionsOnemorethingthatalsocontributestothechangeandcorrectionoftheinteriorspaceisthestyleofappliedfinishingmaterialsandinteriorarticles.Theeffectcanbearesultofmaterialpattern,texture,color,glossetc.Forexample,horizontallinesvisuallystretcharoom,creatingtheeffectofspaceincreasing,but,atthesametime,lowerit.Verticallines,onthecontrary,narrowthespaceonthelevel,visuallyincreasingitvertically。Smallelementofinteriordecorationvisuallymakesaroomwider,abigone–Smaller.Whiteobjectsonadarkbackgroundopticallymakethespacebigger,wideningandlengtheningit。Checkered,stripedorfilledwitharepeatedpatternsurfaces,sectionsorelementsseembiggerthanself-coloredonesthataree(cuò)qualinsize.Theuseoftheverticalpat(yī)ternsandornamentsinthewalldecorationvisuallymakesaroomhigher.Thesamee(cuò)ffectremainsifthereisaverticalintheformofpictures,paintingsorverticaldivisionsonthewalls,which“elongate”theheight.Theeffectofmoreroomheightisachievedbytheuseofthepatternthat(yī)isontheback-groundandoffinishingmaterialswithglossvarnishing.[2]2]References1.Flynn,J.E.,Segil,A.W.,Steffy,G.R。:ArchitecturalInteriorSystems.Lighting,Acoustics,airConditioning.VanNostrandReinhold,NewYork(1988)2.InteriorDesignopticalillusions,orhowtochangethespace,3。Luckiesh,M.:Visualillusions.Theircauses,characteristicsandapplications.D。vanNostrandCompany,NewYork(1922)4.Zeugner,G。:Barwaiczlowiek。Arkady,Warszawa(1965)在室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)中的知覺(jué)與錯(cuò)覺(jué)AnnaJaglarz建筑系,弗羅茨瓦夫理工大學(xué),普呂薩街道53/55,50—317波蘭弗羅茨瓦夫摘要,除了物理的方法來(lái)修改的內(nèi)部空間范圍,也有一些設(shè)計(jì)決策和技巧,可以改變一個(gè)視覺(jué)空間的感知。因此,有可能修正前無(wú)需重新設(shè)計(jì)或破壞–打破舊墻和制造新的問(wèn)題,例如,視錯(cuò)覺(jué)的幫助下,改變室內(nèi)空間的視覺(jué)感知。一個(gè)房間可以直觀地?cái)U(kuò)大,加深,拓寬,增高,縮小,或降低.像顏色,照明,室內(nèi)元素布局,綜合水平或垂直,線條、形狀、鏡子甚至風(fēng)格的室內(nèi)設(shè)備和裝飾材料可以修正室內(nèi)空間,因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢詫?duì)一個(gè)空間的大小,比例和情緒有著顯著影響.通過(guò)結(jié)合感知和設(shè)計(jì)方面的知識(shí)取得最好的空間效果是有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。?關(guān)鍵詞:室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì),視覺(jué),視覺(jué)感知,錯(cuò)覺(jué)。1引言有相當(dāng)大的范圍內(nèi),結(jié)合感知,視覺(jué)錯(cuò)覺(jué),視覺(jué)技巧和當(dāng)代室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)的知識(shí),以實(shí)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)形成優(yōu)異的,有時(shí)甚至令人驚訝的視覺(jué)效果。通過(guò)光學(xué)錯(cuò)覺(jué),我們是指房間的視覺(jué)感知的變化大小和比例的影響下發(fā)生的心理現(xiàn)象,視覺(jué)記憶,視覺(jué)印象,色彩感知,形成鮮明對(duì)比,亮度強(qiáng)度和焦亮度,眩光,可見(jiàn)性的任務(wù)細(xì)節(jié),照明。這些主要因素包括視覺(jué)環(huán)境的性能需求.這也基本因素影響了我們對(duì)空間的看法和我們的情緒反應(yīng)空間.適當(dāng)?shù)囊?guī)劃,內(nèi)部元素,家具和鏡子放置可以糾正每一個(gè)空間,而顏色和照明因素可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)空間或場(chǎng)所。隨著設(shè)計(jì)師對(duì)空間的感知色彩和光線的效果可以修改房間形狀和視覺(jué)體驗(yàn).通過(guò)操縱感性照明的作用,既能促進(jìn)視覺(jué)任務(wù)和定義。視覺(jué)邊界和空間層次,區(qū)域或活動(dòng)。設(shè)計(jì)師也可以操縱照明的心理作用,幫助建立一種親密的感覺(jué),隱私,安逸,快樂(lè),或嚴(yán)肅的房間.室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)中色彩的運(yùn)用應(yīng)根據(jù)顏色感知和色彩對(duì)人類的影響的知識(shí)。顏色光學(xué)效應(yīng)是一種視覺(jué)效果與感知相關(guān).他們也包括各種類型的光學(xué)幻覺(jué)和視覺(jué)技巧。色彩的心理感覺(jué)情緒的影響和相關(guān)的感覺(jué)和印象。鏡子,鏡子的錯(cuò)覺(jué)是一個(gè)極好的和特殊修飾方式,特別是空間的擴(kuò)大.這種效果是創(chuàng)建歸功于反射和視覺(jué)錯(cuò)覺(jué)。用鏡子和鏡子表面的實(shí)驗(yàn)是合理的特別是在小房間如衛(wèi)生間,走廊,樓梯等。還有一些原因也會(huì)使空間被改變和糾正是風(fēng)格和內(nèi)部元素類型和裝修材料。該效果可以是材料類型(木材、金屬、玻璃、塑料、紡織品等)或材料的特性和特點(diǎn)(模式、紋理、裝飾、顏色、光澤等)。(1、2)2視覺(jué)視覺(jué)的感覺(jué)是基于眼睛的吸收能力和過(guò)程的選擇性部分的電磁頻譜。電磁波譜,我們稱之為光。這種感覺(jué)是特別重要的,因?yàn)橛糜诖蠖鄶?shù)功能,需要對(duì)空間關(guān)系和細(xì)節(jié)的理解.首先,視覺(jué)過(guò)程包括定向與空間印象的形成。而且也涉及掃描各種信息的線索,同時(shí)或連續(xù)的比較,以及心理方面的優(yōu)先級(jí)分配的重要性。視覺(jué)是用于重要的信息源和隨后得到正確的定量和定性信息識(shí)別。視覺(jué)與知覺(jué)是解讀運(yùn)動(dòng)和變化的速率連接。對(duì)顏色的感知,響應(yīng)于亮度(適應(yīng),判斷的亮度差異、眩光、老化的影響),視野(精細(xì)的視野里,檢測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)知覺(jué)),反應(yīng)的發(fā)光的環(huán)境——都只是一些應(yīng)考慮的領(lǐng)域。隨著視覺(jué)和知覺(jué)的基本方面的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解人類視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)的工作原理,設(shè)計(jì)師可以創(chuàng)建各種各樣的不同的室內(nèi)的感覺(jué)。[1]3燈光影響著空間的視覺(jué)質(zhì)量和用戶體驗(yàn)空間的幸福感。光模式和結(jié)構(gòu)影響我們的空間感,我們的印象并因此我們的行動(dòng)感。因此,成為設(shè)計(jì)師的亮點(diǎn),使用敏感的剪影,強(qiáng)度,色調(diào),和其他形式的空間光。設(shè)計(jì)者必須認(rèn)識(shí)到光結(jié)構(gòu)的正確使用是在滿足一定的空間活動(dòng)要求的基礎(chǔ),如增強(qiáng)吸引力和關(guān)注,強(qiáng)調(diào)視覺(jué)清晰度和寬敞的印象,增強(qiáng)的隱私和松弛的印象,刺激空間親密的感覺(jué),溫暖和舒適,或加強(qiáng)印象的快樂(lè)。[1]3.1的光效應(yīng)的用戶定位和房間的理解一些照明模式影響的個(gè)人取向和房間的用戶的理解?,F(xiàn)場(chǎng)照明或重點(diǎn)照明的高對(duì)比度影響的用戶關(guān)注,意識(shí),例如,集中用戶的能力.局部照明或高對(duì)比度焦照明影響用戶的注意,意識(shí),例如,用戶集中的能力.墻照明和照明參數(shù)影響用戶理解的房間角落的大小,高度和形狀,確定或修改的視覺(jué)空間限制的意義。[1]3.2光印象的活動(dòng)的影響,設(shè)置和情緒其他照明模型似乎表明,光可以協(xié)助溝通的媒介空間的想法,感受和情緒.在這個(gè)意義上照明模式可以協(xié)助室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師創(chuàng)造活潑的印象,愉悅,嚴(yán)肅,緊張,和其他的品質(zhì)。設(shè)計(jì)師也可以使用光模式影響的心理和社會(huì)的印象如親密,隱私,溫暖和舒適.照明可用于生產(chǎn)儀式莊嚴(yán)的節(jié)日氣氛,展現(xiàn)或產(chǎn)生一個(gè)設(shè)交聚會(huì)簡(jiǎn)樸和冷靜的氣氛的冥想,放松.照明可以產(chǎn)生冷的,沒(méi)有人情味的公共場(chǎng)所或加強(qiáng)印象的溫暖、親密的地方更大的隱私是必需的.這些情緒對(duì)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)印象或光通常是在滿足基本要求的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和活動(dòng)在空間設(shè)計(jì)的基本條件和幸福感是用戶體驗(yàn)的必要條件。在這種情況下,照明不應(yīng)僅僅被看做是一種審美方面的塑造人類環(huán)境,而是作為一種工具來(lái)影響人的行為,性能,和活動(dòng).[1]3.3光的顏色細(xì)微的差別和色調(diào)的變化會(huì)影響一般環(huán)境下潛意識(shí)的判斷.感性的認(rèn)識(shí)這方面的燈光是最強(qiáng)烈和明顯當(dāng)變化發(fā)生時(shí)或者當(dāng)個(gè)人第一次進(jìn)入新的空間,在此之前眼睛需要有段時(shí)間適應(yīng)新的條件。在表層色調(diào)的感知和顏色的微妙變化影響著視覺(jué)空間相關(guān)的溫暖或清涼感.人們往往聯(lián)想到一個(gè)溫暖的視覺(jué)氛圍,通過(guò)橙紅色到紫紅色的黃色的色調(diào)。溫暖的光源如太陽(yáng),許多白熾燈,熒光燈和一些新的傾向于強(qiáng)調(diào)這些顏色而灰白的他人創(chuàng)造視覺(jué)上的溫暖一個(gè)占主導(dǎo)地位的印象。另一方面,冷光源,如天窗和一些熒光燈和金屬鹵化物燈的顏色,往往強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)涼爽的視覺(jué)氛圍,從藍(lán)紫色到藍(lán)色和藍(lán)綠色到黃綠色的色調(diào).仔細(xì)的觀察,這些現(xiàn)象可能導(dǎo)致明確的指導(dǎo)方針上色彩氣氛和及其對(duì)感官反應(yīng)的影響。例如,最近在這一領(lǐng)域的研究表明,顏色基調(diào)的環(huán)境可能會(huì)影響感知的環(huán)境溫度.設(shè)計(jì)師可能處于的位置,以節(jié)約能量通過(guò)仔細(xì)分析以可視方式修改過(guò)的感官反應(yīng).[1]4光錯(cuò)覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)師可以塑造和修飾的空間的視覺(jué)體驗(yàn),例如,通過(guò)操縱照明的知覺(jué)的作用?促進(jìn)視覺(jué)任務(wù)和定義的視覺(jué)邊界和層次空間,區(qū)域,或活動(dòng)。設(shè)計(jì)人員還可以操縱照明的心理作用,幫助建立親密,快樂(lè),或蒼涼的感覺(jué),是適合作為背景的計(jì)劃的活動(dòng)。顯然,光明與黑暗的不是對(duì)立的,而是互補(bǔ)的現(xiàn)象。沒(méi)有陰影光線會(huì)失去大部分的有效性作為一個(gè)溝通的媒介.通過(guò)精心操縱光明與黑暗,或正確使用燈光的強(qiáng)調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)師可以塑造和修改內(nèi)部空間的視覺(jué)體驗(yàn)。當(dāng)使用視覺(jué)錯(cuò)覺(jué)的空間視覺(jué)校正,顯著的效果是通過(guò)正確的使用光強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)的.改變一些房間的亮度變化部分。例如,從各自不同的功能,這是必不可少的程序。提高一個(gè)房間的視覺(jué)高度的影響效果可以由頂棚裝飾和集成燈具協(xié)助.此外,設(shè)計(jì)者可以,與吊頂,鏡面玻璃的三維結(jié)構(gòu)的使用獲得這樣的效果,在房間的頂部照明,或由一個(gè)發(fā)亮的表面生成.冷光源的顏色和光澤質(zhì)感視覺(jué)水平的天花板上。集成吊頂照明燈具,可以創(chuàng)造出有趣的效果一個(gè)房間上面的“懸空”天花板。也可以均勻地照亮房間的墻壁和較低的角落用小燈。在這種情況下,它將在視覺(jué)上顯得更寬。如果空間相反,必須縮小,設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)該照亮上部角落.直角的房間看起來(lái)更廣方,單調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)人員可以同樣照射三面墻壁在墻上來(lái)回添加一個(gè)表示光逆境,選擇最遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)墻.此外,設(shè)計(jì)師可以通過(guò)與潛在的一些內(nèi)部對(duì)象的光實(shí)驗(yàn)改變房間的視覺(jué)比例。亮度的對(duì)比度的所有幻覺(jué)可以通過(guò)照明來(lái)制造。表面上,形式和細(xì)節(jié)上可能會(huì)出現(xiàn),或大或小,粗糙或幾乎消失,重或輕。事實(shí)上,燈光起著影響房間的情緒或表達(dá)的一個(gè)重要組成部分。一種天花板可以通過(guò)光“提升"效果,也可以掛低使空間威脅黑暗,由于相對(duì)小的光的到達(dá)。也可能出現(xiàn)暗亮背景或反之亦然,這說(shuō)明輻照效應(yīng)。設(shè)計(jì)師還可以利用燈光營(yíng)造一個(gè)更大的空間知覺(jué)。正如一個(gè)淺色的天花板創(chuàng)造開(kāi)放和寬敞感,也可以利用自然光,明亮的窗戶。百葉窗和窗
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