初二英語下冊知識點(diǎn)

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?fewerpeople更少的人（fewer修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示否定）lessfreetime更少的空閑時間（less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定）intenyears10年后（in的時間短語用于將來時，提問用Howsoon）fallinlovewith…愛上…例：WhenImetMr.Xuforthefirsttime,Ifellinlovewithhimatonce當(dāng)我第一次見到許老師，我立刻愛上他livealone單獨(dú)居住feellonely感到孤獨(dú)（比較：livealone/goalong等）Thegirlwalkedalonealongthestreet,butshedidn那女孩獨(dú)自沿著街道走，但她并不感到孤獨(dú)keep/feedapetpigflytothemoonhundredsofkeep/feedapetpigflytothemoonhundredsof+復(fù)數(shù)thesameasAbedifferentfromBwakeupgetbored等）goskatinglotsof/alotofattheweekends飛上月球數(shù)百/幾百（概數(shù)，類似還有thousandsof;millionsof）和……相同A與B不同（二Thereisadifference/ThgerearedifferencesbetweenAandB）醒來（wakesb.up表示—喚醒某人II變得厭倦（get/become是連系動詞，后跟形容詞如tired/angry/excited去滑冰（類似還有g(shù)ohiking/fishing/skating/bikeriding等）許多（修飾可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞都可以）在周末studyathomeoncomputersagreewithsb.Idon‘tagree.=Idisagree.onapieceofpaperstudyathomeoncomputersagreewithsb.Idon‘tagree.=Idisagree.onapieceofpaper在一張紙上到的不可數(shù)名詞）3.onvacationhelpsbwithsth/helpsbdosthmanydifferentkindsofgoldfishliveinanapartmentliveatNO.332,ShanghaiStreetasareporterlooksmartAreyoukidding?inthefuturenomore=not…anymorenolonger=not…anyIongerbesides（除…之外還，包括）與beableto與can幫助某人做某事許多不同種金魚住在公寓里/liveonthetwelfthfloor住在12樓住在上海路332號作為一名記者顯得精神/看起來聰明你在騙我嗎在將來/在未來不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)多次發(fā)生的動作不再發(fā)生）不再（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)不再發(fā)生）except=but（除…之外，不包括）能、會（beableto用于各種時態(tài)，而can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài)中；haveto用于各種時態(tài)，而must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)）例如：1」havebeenableto/willbeabletospeaktwoIanguages.（不可以用34.bebigandcrowdedIanguages.（不可以用34.bebigandcrowdedbeincollegeliveonaspacestationdresscasuallywinthenextWorldCuphadtostayathome/willhaveto（不可以用must）大而且擁擠在上大學(xué)住在空間站穿得很隨意casualclothing休閑服飾贏得世界杯winaward獲僵變成現(xiàn)實(shí)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)花幾百年的時間看起來有趣一次又一次形狀不同今后20年cometruetakehundredsofyearsbefuntowatchoverandoveragainbeindifferentshapestwentyyearsfromnow本單元目標(biāo)句型:Whatdoyouthinklifewillbelikein1000years?Therewillbefewertrees、morebuildingsandlesspollutioninthefuture.fewer；less表示否定之意，分別修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；more二者都可以修飾。Willkidsgotoschool?No,theywon‘t/Yes,theywillPredictingthefuturecanbedifficult.Ineedtolooksmartformyjobinterview.Iwillbeabletodressmorecasually.IthinkI‘IIgotoHongKongonvacation,andonedayImightevenvisitAustralia.Whatwillteenagersdoforfuntwentyyearsfromnow?Thatmaynotseempossiblenow,butcomputers,spacerocketsandevenelectrictoothbrushesseemedimpossibleahundredyearsago.本單元語法講解一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。本時態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：含tomorrow;next短語；2.in+段時間；3.howsoon；by+將來時間；5.bythetimesb.do-6.祈使句句型中：or/andsb.willdo7在時間/條件狀語從句中，如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來時8.anotherday比較begoingto與will:begoingto表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時間則較遠(yuǎn)一些。如:Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.begoingto表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.begoingto含有—計劃，準(zhǔn)備I的意思，而will則沒有這個意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.4在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will,女口：Ifanybeastscomesatyou,I'llstaywithyouandhelpyou.掌握了它們的這些不同，你就能很好的區(qū)分begoingto與will了。一般將來時常見的標(biāo)志詞1含tomorrow;next短語；2.in+段時間；howsoon；4.by+將來時間；祈使句句型中：or/andsb.willdo例Bequick,oryouwillbelate=Ifyoudon‘tbequick,youwillbelate在時間/條件狀語從句中，如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來時（另見Unit5）Unit2WhatshouldIdo?tooloud太大聲outofstyle過時的instyle流行的callsbup=ringsb.up=call/ring/phonesb.給…..打電話enoughmoney足夠的錢（enough修飾名詞時不必后置）busyenough夠忙（enough修飾形容詞或副詞時必須后置）

aticketto/foraballgame一張球賽的門票注意：thekeytothelock/thekey(answer)rtothequestion)/thesolutiontotheproble此處幾個短語不能用of表示所有格談?wù)搕alkabout談?wù)?.51.onthephonepayforspendonthephonepayforspend…。門+sth.=spend...(in)doingsth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.borrow…fromlend…toYoucankeepthebookforaweekbuysthforsbtellsbtodo/nottodosth.sth用電話付款在…花錢某人做某事花…的時間從…?借（借進(jìn)來）把…借給（借出去）你可以借這本書一周。（不用borrow或lend）為……買東西告訴某人做某事findoutplayone‘findoutplayone‘sstereofailthetest=notpassthetestfailin(doing)sth…succeedin(doing)sthwritesbaletter/writetosb.surprisesb.toone‘ssurprisetoone‘sjoylookforapart-timejobget/findapart-timejobasksb.for…h(huán)aveabakesale與某人打架離去；散去；逐漸減少；死去為…做準(zhǔn)備課外俱樂部（活動）習(xí)慣做某事過去經(jīng)常/常常做某事被用于做某事填補(bǔ)；裝滿…befullof裝滿把某物歸還給某人與…相處很好各種各樣takepartin=joininabit=alittleabitof=alittlebeangrywith…byoneself=onone‘sownontheonehandontheotherhandIfind/feel/thinkitdifficulttodo...see/hear/watchsb.doingsth.not…untilwantsb.todosth.=wouldlikesb.todo想某人做某事發(fā)現(xiàn)；查清楚；弄明白放錄象考試不及格在…上失敗，變?nèi)踉凇矫娉晒o某人寫信使某人吃驚（類似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze某人）使某人吃驚的是…..使某人高興的是…..找一份兼職的工作（不一定有結(jié)果）找到一份兼職的工作（有結(jié)果）尋求/向某人要某物賣燒烤arguewithsb=haveanargumentwithsb.與某人爭吵haveafightwithsb.=fightwithdropoffpreparefor…=getreadyfor…after-schoolclubs(activities)be/getusedtodoingusedtodobeusedfordoing=beusedtodosth.fill…upreturnsth.tosb.=givesth.backtosb.geton/alongwellwithallkindsofasmuchaspossible=asmuchasyoucan盡可能多參加（某種活動/集會）一點(diǎn)兒（當(dāng)修飾形容詞或比較級時）一點(diǎn)兒/一些（當(dāng)修飾不可數(shù)名詞時）生…的氣某人自己/獨(dú)自地一方面另一方面我發(fā)現(xiàn)/感到/認(rèn)為做某事很難.看到/聽見/注視某人正在做…直到…才（謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)動詞）52.52.表示某人情緒有關(guān)的形容詞用法be/become+upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed說明：當(dāng)主語是某人時，注意后面的形容詞一般是-ed結(jié)尾的單詞，而當(dāng)主語是某物時或修飾名詞時,注意后面形容詞一般是-ing結(jié)尾單詞.)例女口:lwassurprised/interested/amazedwhenIheardthesurprising/interesting/amazingnews.radioadviceprogrambeoriginal55.leavesomethingsomewhereradioadviceprogrambeoriginal55.leavesomethingsomewhere56sportsclothes57.thesameageas=asoldasthetiredchildrencomplainabout(doingsth)taketheirchildrenfromactivitytoactivity電臺提建議的節(jié)目新穎的把某物忘在某處運(yùn)動服和---年齡一樣疲憊不堪的孩子抱怨、、、帶著孩子參加一個接一個的活動試著干某事壓力太大試著干某事壓力太大三個孩子的媽媽參加課后俱樂部競爭從很小年紀(jì)就開始了和---比較有組織的活動onthetree在樹上

照相在火車站trytodosth,盡量干某事trydoingsthbeundertoomuchpressureamotherofthreetakepartinafter-schoolclubscompepitionstartsfromaveryyoungagecompare…anizedactivities本單元目標(biāo)句型:What'swrong(withyou)?/What‘sthematter?WhatshouldIdo?我該怎么辦Youcouldwritehimaletter.你可以給他寫圭寸信.Youshouldsaysorrytohim你應(yīng)該給他道歉.Theyshouldn‘targue.他們不應(yīng)該爭吵.Whydon‘tyoutalktohimaboutit?=Whynottalktohimaboutit?=Youshould/couldtalktohimaboutit.=What/Howabouttalkingtohimaboutit.=You‘dbettertalktohimaboutit.Theparentstrytofitasmuchaspossibleintotheirkidslives.Activitiesincludesports,languagelearning,musicandmathclasses.Thirtypeople,includingsixchildren(sixchildrenincluded),wenttovisitthefactory.Peopleshouldn‘tpushtheirchildrensohard.Parentsaretryingtoplantheirkidslivesforthem.Whenthesekidsareadults,theymightfindtdifficulttoplanthingsforthemselves.Unit3WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived?infrontof在,,的前面（外部）inthefrontof在,,的前面（內(nèi)部）inthelibrary在圖書館getoutof/getinto出,,之外/進(jìn)入sleeplate睡懶覺sleepwell睡得好gettosleep=fallasleep睡著walkdown/along沿,,走takeoff（飛機(jī)）起飛；脫下（衣帽）onSundayevening在星期日晚上注意：（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某個特定的上、下午、晚上用on）inthetree在樹上takephotosatthetrainstationrunaway跑開，逃跑as+adj原形as和…一樣…例如：Sheis(not)asbeautifulashersister.Icanrunasfastashe(him)3.34.buy/draw/makesth.forsb.walkhomeinhistoryforexampleinthecityofontheplaygroundtenminutesagotakeplacehappentosth./sb.例如：Whathashappenedtoyou?ofcourse=sure=certainlyallovertheworld=aroundtheworldoutside/insidethestationnexttoclosetobeillinhospital/bedhearabout/ofinsilence沉默不語anunusualexperiencehavefundoingsth干某事有樂趣為某人買/畫/制作走回家在歷史上例如在,,市在操場上十分鐘前發(fā)生（強(qiáng)調(diào)必然性）發(fā)生（強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性）hat‘sthematterwithyou?=What當(dāng)然遍及全世界在車站外/內(nèi)相鄰，緊貼接近于；在附近生病住院/在床聽說（間接聽到）keepsilent保持沉默一次不尋常的經(jīng)歷havedifficulttimedoingsth干某事有困難havemeaningto對—有意義becomethefirstChineseastronautinspaced為中國第一個太空宇航員anationalhero一個民族英雄35.befamousallovertheworld全世界出名swrongwithyou?36.forthefirsttime第一次本單元目標(biāo)句型:WhatwereyoudoingwhenIarrived/atthattime/at8:00lastnight/from9:00to10:00yesterday?Iwasdoingsth.When+—般過去時的時間狀語從句…Howabout.../Whatabout...?Whilesth./sb.wasdoingsth.,Iwasdoingsth當(dāng)不明飛行物著陸時，你正在干啥？WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded?當(dāng)媽媽正在做飯時，我在看電視。Whilemymotherwascooking,IwaswatchingTV.IwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlandedrightinfrontofme.Youcanimagehowstrangeitwas.Ifollowedtoseewhereitwasgoing.Isn‘tthatamazing!Shedidn‘tthinkingaboutlookingoutsidethestation.11.Iwassotiredthismorning.Itwasdifficulttogetoutofthebed.LiuXiangwonthegoldmedalatthe2004Olympics.Beijngwasmadehosttothe2008Olympics.Peopleoftenrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenewsofimportanteventsinhistory.ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmericanhistory.Eventhemosteverydayactivitiescanseemimportant.17.Ourteacheraskedustostopwhatweweredoingandlisten.However,inmorerecenttimes,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterrorists.Notalleventsinhistoryareasterribleasthis,ofcourse.HisflightaroundtheEarthlastedabout22hours.本單元語法講解

過去進(jìn)行時（PastProgressiveTens）e句型S+was/were+V-ing,例A：Shewasdoingherhomeworkat8:30yesterdayevening.（昨天傍晚八點(diǎn)半她正在做家庭作業(yè)。）例B：Wewerehavingsupperatthattime.（那個時候我們正在吃晚飯。）解說如例1所示，在單句中使用過去進(jìn)行時來表達(dá)時必須把該動作正在進(jìn)行中的時間表明清楚，否則就不合邏輯了。例如：Iwastakingabathyesterday.（錯）（昨天我正在洗澡——昨天24小時都正在洗澡嗎？）所以本句應(yīng)該如例1來表達(dá)，或者用一般過去時表達(dá)如下：Itookabathyesterday（.昨天我洗了澡。）如果由上下文的文意，或者對談中的話意可以了解“動作正在進(jìn)行中的時間”，單句里就使用過去進(jìn)行時來表達(dá)是很普通的，例如：A：Icalledyouupyesterdayevening.B：Didyou?Atwhattime?A：Ataroundteno'clock.（大約在十點(diǎn)鐘。）B：Oh,Iwastakingabaththen（.哦，當(dāng)時我正在洗澡。）過去進(jìn)行時在表達(dá)上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一個一般過去時的動作相搭配。請觀察下面的圖解說明：過去有二動作A和B（如圖示），在B動作發(fā)生時稍早發(fā)生的A動作正好在進(jìn)行中，所以這種表達(dá)法通常都是復(fù)句（主句+副詞從句）。例如：WhenIgotupthismorning,Motherwaspreparingbreakfastinthekitchen.（今天早上我起床時媽媽正在廚房里準(zhǔn)備早餐?！癕other,。”是主句，“when,，”是副詞從句。）常用于修飾過去進(jìn)行時的時間副詞：過去的某一定點(diǎn)時刻（at+過去的時刻），then（=atthattime）（那時，當(dāng)時），all+時間，“When,/While,/As,”等副詞從句，etc.Unit4HesaidIwashard-workingeverySaturdayfirstofallbothandUnit4HesaidIwashard-workingeverySaturdayfirstofallbothand?…neither….normostof…anexcitingweekagreeonsomethingagreetodosth.passon(to)besupposedtodosth.bemadat……dobetterin=bebetteratbeingoodhealthreportcardsound/feel/smell/taste/look是連系動詞，每周六首先兩者都（謂語動詞要注意對稱原則）兩者都不（謂語動詞要注意就近和對稱原則）絕大多數(shù)令人興奮的一周同意某人的計劃；對….取得一致意見答應(yīng)/同意做…傳遞被期望或被要求做對,,瘋狂/生氣在方面做得更好身體健康成績單般只能跟adj.做表語16.soundlike/feellike/smelllike/tastelike/looklike聽起來像…/感覺像…/聞起來像…/嘗起來像…/看起來像…+sb./sth.get…get…overopenupcareforhavea(surprise)partyforsb.end-of-yearexam=finalexamnotanymoredoahomeproject克服；恢復(fù)；原諒打開/展開/開發(fā)/揭露照料；照顧；意愿；計較為某人舉行一次（驚喜0聚會期末考試不再做作業(yè)besurprised\happy\excitedtodosth做某事感到驚訝、高興、激動be\getnervous感到緊張haveaveryhardtimewith..在---日子不好過andisappointingresult令人失望的結(jié)果take\leaveamessage捎(留)個口信haveabigfightitisagoodideaforsb.todosthfeelluckypeoplewhoneedhelpsomethingwecandoforthemthereisnodiffereneebetweenfeelluckypeoplewhoneedhelpsomethingwecandoforthemthereisnodiffereneebetweenGroupsTheworktheydoGreenpeaceCaresfor?MotherEarthDoctorsWithoutBordersHelpssickpeopleinpooreountriesUNICEFHelpschildreninpooreountriesWWFCaresforwildanimalsindanger需要幫助的人我們能為他們做的事在。n和。。之間沒有區(qū)別36.Groupsandtheworktheydo37.theHopeProject希望工程38.fortunately本單元目標(biāo)句型:轉(zhuǎn)述他人話語：Whatdidsb.say?HesaidI…Shesaidshe…Theysaid…許老師告訴我徐夢蝶會說二種語言。Mr.XutoldmethatXuMengdiecouldspeakthreeIanguages.許老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Mr.Xusaid(that)theearthturnsaroundthesun.許老師告訴我他將去北京。ShetoldmehewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.許老師說歐洋正在做作業(yè)Mr.XusaidOuYangwasdoinghishomeworkatthattime.許老師說王碩研勤奮。Mr.XusaidWangShuoyanwashard-working.在英語上，與聽相比，我更擅長于讀。InEnglish,I‘mbetteratreadingthanlistening.情況怎樣？How'sitgoing?她不想再當(dāng)我最好的朋友了。Shedidn‘twanttobemybestfriendanymore.Isaiditwouldstartabadhabit,andthatshewoulddoherownwork.That‘saboutallthenewsIhavenow.MumandDadsendtheirlove.Shesaidhelpingotherschangedherlife.TeachinghighschoolstudentsinapoormountainvillageinGansuProvincemaynotlikefuntoyou.ThePekingUniversitygraduatefirstwentthereasanvolunteeronaone-yearprogram.LifeinthemountainswasanewexperieneeforLangLei.Hervillagewas2,000metereabovethesealevel,andatfirstthethinairmadeherfeelsick.YoungpeopletodayneedtoexperieneedifferentthingsSomeofthestudentsmaynotbeabletogotoseniorhighschoolorcollage.Icanopenupmystudents‘eyestotheoutsideworldandgivethemagoodstartinlife.Shesaidshelikesbeingagoodinflueneeinthehildren‘slives.ShenowworksasamathteacheratahighschoolinthecityofPingliang,GansuProvince.YouareatB‘shouseworkingonahomeworkproject.Youweresupposedtomeetatthebusstopthismorningtoreturnit,butAdidnusstop.‘tcomAcallsyouwithamessageforC.Passonthemessage,andthengiveC‘sanswertoA.Whataresomethingsthathappenonsoapoperas?本單元語法講解直接引語和間接引語(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。時態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞said,asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài)，即把原來的時態(tài)向過去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變一般過去時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時等。例如：Tomsaidtome,—Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.IIfTomsaidtomethathisbrotherwasdoinghishomework.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化；根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化。如：SheaskedJack,—Wherehaveyoubeen?IfSheaskedJackwherehehadbeen.Hesaid,—Thesebooksaremine.fIHesaidthatthosebookswerehis.(二)直接引語改為間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌?，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。1?陳述句的間接引語：陳述句由直接引語變間接引語，由that引導(dǎo)，可以省略?！狪wanttheblueone.IIhetoldus.―我想要蘭色的。I他說。fHetoldusthathewantedtheblueone.他說他想要蘭色的。Shesaidtome,—Youcan‘tdoanythingnow.她對我說：—匕刻你無法做任何事情。IIfShetoldmethatIcouldn‘tdoanythingt!她對我說那時我無法做任何事。疑問句的間接引語直接引語如果是疑問句，變成間接引語后，叫做間接疑問句。間接疑問句為陳述語序，句末用句號，動詞時態(tài)等的變化與間接陳述句相同。引述動詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等間接疑問句一般有三種：⑴?一般疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，由whether或if引導(dǎo)。女口：—HasheeverworkedinShanghai?IIJim他在止?！鬟^嗎？吉姆問。fJimaskedwhether/ifhehadeverworkedinShanghai吉姆問他是否在上海工作過。—Canyoutellmethewaytothehospital?ITheoldmanasked.那個老人問：—你能告訴我去醫(yī)院的路嗎？fTheoldmanaskedwhetherIcouldtellhimthewaytothehospital.那老人問我是否能告訴他去醫(yī)院路。.特殊疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，仍由原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：—Whichroomdoyoulivein?IIHeasked.—你住哪個房間？I他問我。fHeaskedmewhichroomIlivedin.他問我住哪個房間?！猈hatdoyouthinkofthefilm?ISheasked.她問—你怎么看這部電影？IfSheaskedherfriendwhatshethoughtofthefilm.她問她朋友怎么看這部電影。.選擇疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，由whether/if??引導(dǎo)。女口：—IsityourbikeorTom‘s?M媽m媽問kech這是你的自行車還是湯姆的？IIfMumaskedwhether/ifitwasmybikeorTom媽媽問這是我的自行車還是湯姆的。—Doesyoursisterlikebluedressesorgreenones?IKateasked.—你妹妹喜歡蘭色的裙子還是綠色的？I凱特問。fKateaskedwhether/ifmysisterlikedbluedressesorgreenones.凱特問我妹妹喜歡蘭色裙子還是綠色的。祈使句的間接引語當(dāng)祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接祈使句的引述動詞常用tell，ask，order，beg，reques，order等，而把直接祈使句變成帶to的不定式短語。女口：Jacksaid,—Pleasecometomyhousetomorrow,M杰克說：―瑪麗，明天請到我家來。IIfJackaskedMarytogotohishousethenextday.杰克請瑪麗第二天至U他家去。Theteachersaidtothestudents,IIStoptalking老師對學(xué)生們說：—不要講話了。IIfTheteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.老師讓學(xué)生們不要說話了?！狣on'ttouchanything.IIHesaid.—^要碰任何東西。他說。fHetoldusnottotouchanything.他對我們說不要碰任何東西。

4.動詞時態(tài)和代詞等的變動⑴4.動詞時態(tài)和代詞等的變動⑴直接引語todaynowyesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrownextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetcherethisthesethatdaythen,atthatmomentthedaybeforetwodaysbeforethenextday/thefollowingdaytwodaysafter,/intwodaysthenextweek/monthetctheweek/monthetc.beforetherethatthosegotakegotake則間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)，代詞，限定詞和表示時間或地點(diǎn)的副詞現(xiàn)在時間推移到bring(2).如果引述動詞為現(xiàn)在時形式，不用變化。而如果引述動詞是過去時，以上內(nèi)容就要有相應(yīng)變化。變化情況如下:過去的時間(注意:如果直接引語是表示客觀規(guī)律的，那么時態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時—一般過去時;—過去進(jìn)行時;一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時Unit5Ifyougototheparty，you.5.Unit5Ifyougototheparty，you..4.25.26.atthepartyasksb.todosth.stayathomehalftheclass/studentsgetinjuredIIhaveagreattime!在晚會上請某人做某事呆在家一半學(xué)生受傷haveagreattime=haveawonderful'goodtime玩得高興take…away運(yùn)走，取走allthetime=alwaysmakealiving（bydoingsth）inordertodosth…h(huán)aveapartygotocollegebefamousfor…因,,而著稱makemoney=earnmoneyinfactlaughat…putaway收起來，放好一直，始終謀生為了做某事舉行聚會上大學(xué)befamousas,作為,而出名掙錢事實(shí)上嘲笑toomuch太多（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）toomany太多（修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）muchtoo+形容詞/副詞太，getexercise鍛煉注意（exercise當(dāng)“鍛煉”是不可數(shù)名詞；而當(dāng)“操”“練習(xí)”是可數(shù)名詞）travelaroundtheworldworkhardwearjeanslet...in允許,,進(jìn)入，嵌入getaneducationtake…awaystudyforthetestmakesomefood準(zhǔn)備食物當(dāng)“鍛煉”是不可數(shù)名詞；而當(dāng)“操”周游世界努力工作穿牛仔褲keep,out不允許。。進(jìn)入獲得教育拿開，拿走準(zhǔn)備考試makedumplings做水餃makethebed整理床鋪halftheclasstherulesforschoolpartieschildren‘shospitaljointheLionsgivemoneytoschoolsandcharitiesbecomeaprofessionalsoccerplayerorganizethegamesfortheclasspartyplaysportsforaliving一半的學(xué)生學(xué)校派對的規(guī)則兒童醫(yī)院一半的學(xué)生學(xué)校派對的規(guī)則兒童醫(yī)院加入獅隊給學(xué)校和慈善組織捐錢成為一個職業(yè)的足球運(yùn)動員為班級派對準(zhǔn)備游戲靠體育運(yùn)動為生Ifyoudo,you'll…2.1‘mgoingto3：?Youshould…Don‘tyouwanttoVDon'tyouthink….?如果李老師去參加晚會，我們將會玩得非常高興。IfMsLigoestotheparty,we'llhaveagreattim如果你穿牛仔褲去晚會，李老師將不會讓你進(jìn)入。Ifyouwearjeanstotheparty,MsLiwon‘tletyoi6.Formanyyoungpeople,becomingaprofessionalathletemightseemlikeadreamjob.7.Ifyoubecomeaprofessionalathlete,youwillbeabletomakealivingdoingsomethingyoulove.However,professionalathletescanalsohavemanyproblems.9.Ifyouarefamous,peoplewillwatchyouallthetimeandfollowyoueverywhere.Thiscanmakelifedifficult.Ifyoubecomerich,youwillhaveadifficulttimeknowingwhoyourrealfriendsare.Infact,manyfamouspeoplecomplainthattheyarenothappy.本單元語法講解if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。If是連詞，所連接的句子叫條件狀語從句，表示假設(shè)或條件，意思是—如果…的話II,用法如下：1、表示假設(shè)，表示將會發(fā)生和可能發(fā)生的事，或進(jìn)行提醒警告。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：If+句子（一般現(xiàn)在時），+主句（主語will/may/can）+動詞）Ifyoufinishyourhomework,youcangooutandplay.IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,Iwillgototravel.表示真實(shí)條件、客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、定理定義.民間諺語等，句型是：If+句子（一般現(xiàn)在時），+主句（一般現(xiàn)在時）.例：Ifyoustudyhard,youaresuretosucceed.Ifyouputiceinawarmplace,itturnsintowater.Ifaglassfallsonthefloor,itusuallybreaksIfyoucookabanana,itbecomesverysoft.Ifaplantdon'tgetenoughlight,itgrowsverytallandthin.Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?1.raisemoneyfor1.raisemoneyfor2.collectstamps3.runoutof…4.bytheway5.onthewayto..6.beinterestedin7.morethan=over8.flykites9.startclass集郵用盡順便說一下在…的路上對…感興趣超過放風(fēng)箏開始上課2.13.開辦雪球儀收集者俱樂部最普通的愛好聽音樂碟片themostcommon(unusual,interesting)hobbylistentomusicvideosorganizeatalentshowtoraisemoneyforcharity開辦雪球儀收集者俱樂部最普通的愛好聽音樂碟片7.18.19.額外的英語課語言方面有問題黑龍江的省會一個有著豐富多彩歷史文化的有趣的城市haveproblemswiththeIanguagethecapitalofHeilongjiangProvinceaninterestingcitywithacolorfulhistorythreeandahalfyears=threeyearsandahalf三年半apairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jear一雙滑冰鞋/一雙鞋/一副眼鏡/一條褲子/牛仔褲Howmuchisapairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?=Howmuchdoesa(this)pairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans_cost?Howmucharetheskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?=Howmuchdotheskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans_cost?本單元目標(biāo)句型:Howlonghaveyoubeenskating?你滑冰有多長時間了？I‘vebeenskatingsincenineo‘clock./sinceIwasfouryearsold.我從九點(diǎn)一直滑到現(xiàn)在/我從四歲一直滑到現(xiàn)在。I‘vebeenatingforfivehours.我一直滑了五小時。ThemoreIlearnaboutChinesethiistocyeIenjoylivinginChina.我對中國的歷史了解得越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。Wasthisyourfirstskatingmarathon?No,Iskatedinamarathonlastyear.Whendidyougetyourfirstpairofskates?Alisonwasthefirstonetostartandhasbeenskatingforthewholefivehours.Alison是第一個開始并且已經(jīng)滑了整整5個小時。I‘mtalkingtoyoufromtheHilltopSchoolSkatingMarathon.Foreveryhourtheyskate,eachstudentraisestenyuanforcharity.每滑一個小時，每位學(xué)生可為慈善事業(yè)籌集10元錢。Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthemonster.InfactIthinkit‘sprobablymyf謝謝你送我的怪物雪球儀。事實(shí)上，我想它可能是我的最愛。MymomsaysIhavetostop,becausewe‘verunoutofroomtostorethem.媽媽說我必須停止了，因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)沒有地方來存放他們了。ThefirstoneIevergotwasabirthdaycakesnowglobeonmytwelfthbirthday.我得到的第一個雪球儀是我十二歲生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球儀。Iparticularlyloveglobeswithanimals.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.我特別喜歡動物雪球儀。如果你知道其他人收集他們的話，請告訴我們。Bytheway,what‘syourhobby?I‘nmterestedinthejobasawriter.Theschoolnewspaperneedsawriter.Wewillgiveyoudifferenttopicstochoosefrom.Togetthejob,pleaseanswerthesefourquestions.校報需要一個撰稿人。我們會給你一些不同的話題來選擇。要得到這份工作，請回答這樣四個問題。HowmanyChinesedynastiescanyouthinkof?你能想起多少中國朝代？Canyouthinkoffamouscharactersfromthehistoryofothercountries?Makealist.從其他國家歷史中，你能記起一些著名人物嗎？列個表。Infact,thefirstJewsprobablycametoKaifengmorethanathousandyearsagoandwerewelcomedbytheSongEmperor.事實(shí)上，第一批猶太人可能在一千多年前就來到開封而且受到宋朝皇帝的歡迎。ThereissomeEuropeaninflueneeinthecity,andsomeoftheoldbuildingsinHarbinareinRussianstyle.這個城市有歐洲文化的影響，而且哈爾濱的一些老建筑還是俄羅斯風(fēng)格的。Foraforeignerlikeme,themoreIlearnaboutChineseculture,themoreIenjoylivinginChina.對于一個像我一樣的外國人來說，我對中國文化了解越多，我就越喜歡住在中國。AndalthoughIlivequitefarfromBeijing,I‘mcertainIwillbeherefortheOlympicGamesin盡管我住得離北京很遠(yuǎn)，但我相信2008年奧運(yùn)會我一定在這兒。本單元語法講解本單元語法講解現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：表示從過去某時開始到現(xiàn)在這一段時間里一直在延續(xù)的動作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+been+doing/1.1havebeenwritingthelettersineethen.從那時起我一直在寫這圭寸信。（動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）Ihavebeencollectingstampsfortenyears自從10年前我就收集郵票了（動作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在收集）。Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?爾在這兒已經(jīng)住了多長時間了。（—居住I動作從過去一直現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：1現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時比現(xiàn)在完成時更強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性：2如果沒有時間強(qiáng)調(diào)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示動作仍在進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成時則表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時一般不適用于表狀態(tài)的動詞，而現(xiàn)在完成時則可：，Unit7Wouldyoumindturningdownthemusic?1.turn…down/turn…up關(guān)小聲/調(diào)大聲音（電器）2.turn…on/turn…off打開/關(guān)閉（電器）3.movethebike移動自行車4.inaminute/rightaway/innotime立刻,馬上5.belateforschool/class=arrivelateforschool上學(xué)/上課遲到6.waitinline=standinline排隊等候7.cutinline=jumpaqueue插隊8.getmad/annoyed變得生氣9.happentosb發(fā)生在…身上10.halfanhour半小時11.atfirst首先12.atlast=intheend=finally最后13.allowsb.todo/nottodosth.允許某人做/不做某事14.beallowedtodo/nottodosth.某人不被允許某人做/不做某事15.inpublic當(dāng)眾地；公開地；公然地16.inpublicplaces在公共場所17.breaktherule不遵守規(guī)則18.pick…up撿起19.put…out熄滅20.droplitter扔垃圾21.keepthevoicedown控制聲音22.dothedishes23.putonanotherpairofjeans24.beatameeting25.helpmeinthekitchen26.makesomeposters27.clothingstore28.follow…around29.wanttobepolite30.standinthesubwaydoor31.cutinline32.standcloseto..33.havedifferentideasabout34.feeluncomfortableinallsituationsinpublicplaces你介意打掃院子嗎？一點(diǎn)也不你介意打掃院子嗎？一點(diǎn)也不.我馬上就掃.你介意不要在這打棒球嗎？對不起，我們到公園去打請做晚飯好嗎？沒問題.Wouldyoumindcleaningtheyard?Notatall.I‘IIdoitriahtawWouldyoumindnotplayingbaseballhere.Wouldyoumindgivingmeasmallerone?Sorry,we‘IIgoandplayinthepark.Couldyou(please)makedinner?That‘snoproblem.Couldyou(please)notfeedthedog?=Wouldyoumindnotfeedingthedog?=Wouldyou(please)notfeedthedog?=Pleasedon‘tfeedthedog,W請不要?畏狗好嗎？Ifyoufinishthesetasks,wecangotoamovietonight.Yourbarbergaveyouaterriblehaircut.Thestoreclerkgaveyouthewrongsize.Thewaitressbroughtyouthewrongfood.Thepenyouboughtdidn‘twork.YouorderedahamburgerwithFrenchfriesbutonlygotahamburger.Weaskedsomepeoplewhatannoyedthem.Here‘swhattheysaid.Idon‘tlikewaitingiinewhenashopassistanthasalongtelephoneconversation.Thishappenstomeallthetimeintheschoollibrary.PerhapsinthefutureIshouldtrynottobesopolite.Thewaypeoplebehaveisdifferentindifferentculturesandsituations.Sometimes,rulesofetiquettearethesamealmosteverywhere.Wemightwanttoasksomeonetobehavemorepolitelyifweseethembreakingaruleofetiquette.Etiquettemeansnormalandpolitesocialbehavior.Thismayseemlikeadifficultwordatfirst,butitcanbeveryusefultounderstand.Infact,weshouldalsotakecarenottocoughorsneezeloudlyinpublicifpossible.Peopledon‘tusuallyliketobecriticized,sowehavetobecarefulhowwedothis.看到有人抽煙你可以說：Couldyoupleaseputoutthatcigarette?看到有人亂丟垃圾你可以說：Wouldyoumindpickingitup?看到有人插對你可以說：Sorry,wouldyoumindjoiningtheline?常見動名詞、分詞的習(xí)慣用法總結(jié)使用-ing分詞的幾種情況在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中。如:1.HeiswatchingTVintheroom.Theyweredancingatnineo'clocklastnight.在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:Thereisaboyswimmingintheriver.在havefun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：WehavefunlearningEnglishthisterm.Theyhadproblemsgettingtothetopofthemountain.在介詞后面。如：Thanksforhelpingme.Areyougoodatplayingbasketball?What/Howaboutdoingsth?做某事怎么樣?Iaminterestedinplayingfootball.5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中1.enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事；2.finishdoingsth；完成做某事；3.feellikedoingsth想要做某事；4.stopdoingsth停止做某事（原來的事）5.forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事；

goondoingsth繼續(xù)做某事（原來的事）;rememberdoingsth記得做過某事；likedoingsth喜歡做某事；find/see/hear/watchsbdo發(fā)現(xiàn)看至〃聽至〃觀看某人做9.試圖做某事；試圖做某事；需要做某事；寧愿做某事；介意做某事；錯過做某事；練習(xí)做某事；忙于做某事；禁不住做某事；trydoingsthneeddoingsthpreferdoingsthminddoingsthmissdoingsthpracticedoingsthbebusydoingsthcan'thelpdoingsthwastetime/moneydoing浪費(fèi)時間/金錢做…;keepsb.doing讓…始終/一直做…stopsb.（from）doing阻止某人做某事preferdoingBtodoingB=likeAbetterthanA喜歡做A更喜歡做B—dosome+doin短語如:dosomeshopping/dosomewashing/dosomereading/dosomepracticing/dosomecleaning/dosomespeaking—godoing短語去做某事（主要指文娛活動等）如：goshopping/gofishing/goswimming/gohiking/goskating/gocamping/goskiing（滑雪/goboating/gohunting（打獵）.注意動詞的過去分詞的常見搭配:Ifeel（am/was）excited/surprised/amazed/interested/tired/pleased/worried/lostKeep…closed/aboycalled/namedTomUnit8Whydon‘tyougetherascarf?fallasleep入睡give…away贈送；分發(fā)ratherthan寧愿…而不是，勝于woulddo…ratherthando寧愿…不愿做hearo…聽說makefriendswith和……交友photoalbum像冊toopersonal太私人化notinteresting\special\creativeenough不夠有趣makeaspecialmeal做一頓特別的飯an8-year-oldchild一個六歲的孩子thesedays最近not…atall根本不differentkindsof不同種類makeherhappy使她高興someoneelse別人（else總是后置）improveEnglish提高英語indifferentways以不同的方式encouragesbtodo鼓勵某人做make（great）progress取得進(jìn)步takeaninterestin/beinterestedin對……感興趣onmytwelfth\twentiethbirthdayagoldfish—twogoldfishapignamed\calledConniefromacrossChinaenteratestbysingingpopularEnglishsongscomefromallagegroupsthewinnerofthewomen‘scompetitionwintheprizetrytospeakEnglishmoreaspokespersonfromtheOlympicCommitteehearof

..0.21.22.manyotherfunwaystolearnEnglishmakefriendswithanativespeakerofEnglishfindagoodwaytolearntolearnEnglish本單元目標(biāo)句型：WhatshouldIgetmymomforherbirthday?我應(yīng)該為我的媽媽買什么？Whydon‘tyou/Whynotbuy/Whataboutbuying/Howaboutbuyingascarf?為什么不買條圍巾呢？What'sthebestgiftyouhaveeverreceived?你曾收到的最好禮物是什么？Whataluckyguy!多幸運(yùn)的家伙！Ithinkadogisagoodpetfora6-year-oldchild.Really?Idon‘tagree.Dogsaretoodifficulttotakecareof.Whatareadvantagesanddisadvantagesofkeepingsuchapet?Thetrendiestkindofpetthesedaysisthepot-belliedpig.Pot-belliedpigsmakethebestpets.However,lifewithapigisnpetr&iwtaysNowsheistoobigtosleepinthehouse,soImadeheraspecialpighouse.Themoviewasboring.Ifellasleephalfwaythroughit.Aleaffromatreeisenoughtomakeherveryhappy.Giftgivingisdifferentindifferentcountries.Thesamegiftmaybegivenawaytosomeoneelse.IntheUSA,somepeopleasktheirfamiliesandfriendstogivemoneytocharityratherthanbuythemgifts.InSweden,doingsomethingforsomeoneisthebestgift.Peopledonneedtospendtoomuchmoney.Instead,makingamealisenough.Chinawillbethehostforthe2008OlympicsandsomanyChinesepeopletrytoimprovetheirEnglishindifferentways.ChinawillholdtheNearlyallthesingerssangveryclearly,andlookedcomfortableonstage.SomeofthesesingerswereabletosingEnglishsongsjustaswellasnativespeakers.ShesaidthatsingingEnglishsongsmadehermoreinterestedinlearningEnglish.HeagreesthatitisagoodideatohavefunwithEnglish.ItsuggestswaysforBeijingerstotakeaninterestinlearningEnglish.常見動詞不定式詞組、句型用法總結(jié).固定用法（非謂語動詞）：以下是帶to的動詞不定式常見搭配★希望做某事hopetodosth.sth.★同意做某事agreetodosth.dosth.★希望做某事hopetodosth.sth.★同意做某事agreetodosth.dosth.★使用某物做某事usesthtodosthwaittodo★決定做某事decidetodo★需要某人做某事needto★迫不及待做某事can‘t★準(zhǔn)備做某事get/bereadytodosth★計劃做某事plantodosth.★盡力/★準(zhǔn)備做某事get/bereadytodosth★計劃做某事plantodosth.★盡力/努力做某事trytodo★不得不havetodo★告訴某人做某事tellsb.todosth.dosth.★希望某人做某事wishsb.todosth./wouldlikesb.todosth.同意某人做某事agreesb.todosth.sth.★喜歡/想要某人做某事likesb.todosth.todosth/helpsb.doencouragesbtodo鼓勵某人做★拒絕做某事refusetodo★請某人做某事asksb.to★想要某人做某事want★教某人做某事teachsb.todo★拒絕做某事refusetodo★請某人做某事asksb.to★想要某人做某事want★教某人做某事teachsb.todo★幫助某人做某事helpsb.例句:Ityourturntocleanthe例句:Ittimeformeto?(當(dāng)adj.是表示性格、It‘stime(forsb.)todosth某人做某事時候了gohome.It‘s+adj.for/ofsb.todost對于某人來說做某事是品德的形容詞時用of)例句:Itiseasyformetolearnitwell.doso.Itisverykind/foolish/niceofyouto2」Itisverykind/foolish/niceofyouto2」ttookmeanhourto例：Hewastoangry例:Ifind/think/feel例句:1.Ittakesmeanhourtogettoschoolbybike.watchTVlastnight.3」twilltakehertwoweekstofinishthework.too+adj./adv.todosth.太…..而不能tosayaword.find/think/feelit+adj.todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感到做某事是ithardtolearnEnglishwell.★序數(shù)詞+todo第…..個做某事例句:Whoisthefirsttogetthere?★我不知/忘記了怎么辦。Ididn'tknow/forgotwhattodo.★離開房間時不要忘記/記住關(guān)燈例句：Don‘tcfrget/Remembertoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroom★be+adj+todosth例句:Iamverysorrytohearthat.Iamreadytohelpothers.Iamhappy/pleased/gladtomeetyou.順口溜：本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主表定補(bǔ)賓和狀；樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢;大家千萬要小心，有時它把句型改；作主語時用it，自己在后把身藏；七個感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語不定式，不定式前加forsb.；to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開?！飈etsb.dosth讓某人做某事★makedosth使得某人做某事★heardosthdosth聽見某人做某事★seedosthdosth看見某人做某事★letsb.dosth讓某人做某事★makedosth使得某人做某事★heardosthdosth聽見某人做某事★seedosthdosth看見某人做某事whynot或whydon‘tyou+動詞原形？為什么不….?（表示建議）例：Whynot/Whydon‘otuytakeawalk?某人+hadbetter（not）do某人最好（不）做某事★情態(tài)動詞can/may/must/should+動詞原形（包括情態(tài)動詞的否定形式+動詞原形）★助動詞do/does/did/will/would在構(gòu)成疑問句或者構(gòu)成否定句即don‘t/doesn‘t/didn‘t/willnot/would動司原形★begoingto+動詞原形（表示“即將”“打算”做某事）Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?takearidetakethesubwayhavebeento,havegonetoontheonehand,ontheotherhandagoodplacetopracticeyourEnglishoutsideofChinaenduptakeaholiday/vacationallyearroundsuchasazoocalled/named…duringthedaytimewakeupwakesomebodyuphaveagreat/nice/wonderful/greattimeawonderfulplacetotakeaholiday/tovisitanEnglish-speakingcountrybeasleep=fallasleepgoonaDISNEYcruisetraveltoanotherprovinceofChinathereasonsforlearningEnglishanexchangestudentimprovemylisteningskills