2018年北京英語高考試題含答案

絕密★啟用前2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試

英語（北京卷）本試卷共14頁，共120分?？荚嚂r長100分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。學(xué) &科網(wǎng)第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain. ,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’smore B.That’stosayC.Inotherwords D.Believeitornot答案是D?！狧i,I’mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven’tseenyouaround.—Hello,Peter.I’mBob.Ijust onMonday.A.start B.havestarted C.started D.hadstarted wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.Although B.While C.If D.Until alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.A.Travel B.Traveling C.Havingtraveled D.TraveledSusanhadquitherwell-paidjoband asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.A.isworking B.wasworking C.hasworked D.hadworkedSheandherfamilybicycletowork, helpsthemkeepfit.A.which B.who C.as D.thatDuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.share B.toshare C.havingshared D.sharedChina’shigh-speedrailways from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowinghavegrownwillgrowhadgrownA.aregrowinghavegrownwillgrowhadgrownInanyunsafesituation,simply thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressedA.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressedArescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho inthemountainsfortwodays.aretrappinghavebeentrappedweretrappinghadbeentrappedaretrappinghavebeentrappedweretrappinghadbeentrappedOrdinarysoap, correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.used B.touse C.using D.useWithouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe wearenow.A.how B.when C.where D.whyIntoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.need B.should C.can D.mustTheymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey afewmorekilometers.A.drove B.woulddrive C.weretodrive D.haddriven—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment nextWednesdayafternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.atThisis myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.that D.what第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給幟、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource（來源）oftemptation（誘惑）.Butthe16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith17moreremarkable.Afterspottinga18onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he20insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（聯(lián)系）thedriver,onlyto21itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter22anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas24 .ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis25 .Mr.Andersonsaid:＂Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight26hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand27hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers28.It'sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare29guysoutthere.”Mr.Smith'sact 30muchofthepublic'sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson 31 abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.zxxkNowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto32moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000."Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shadjob34andallsorts,"Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing35 .Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort17.A.stillB.evenC.everD.once18.A.walletB.bagC.boxD.parcel19.A.partnerB.colleagueC.ownerD.policeman20.A.turnedB.hidC.steppedD.reached21.A.discoverB.collectC.checkD.believe22.A.takingB.leavingC.readingD.writing23.A.satisfiedB.excitedC.amusedD.shocked24.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen25.A.serviceB.supportC.kindnessD.encouragement26.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because27.A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just28.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.instead29.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous30.A.gaveB.paidC.castD.drew31.A.learnedB.postedC.caredD.heard32.A.borrowB.raiseC.saveD.earn33.A.ofB.atC.forD.in34.A.detailsB.changesC.offersD.applications35.A.lessonB.adventureC.chanceD.challenge第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas＂notathletic＂.TheideathatIwas＂notathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!＂Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.zxxkDeterminedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標(biāo)簽）,Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner＂.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor B.feltscaredD.losthopeB.Hequithalfway.D.Hewalkedtotheend.B.feltscaredD.losthopeB.Hequithalfway.D.Hewalkedtotheend.C.madeuphismindtorunWhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.Toshareapreciousmemory.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.C.Hegotthefirstprize.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation航空）CenterIfyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter（SAC）istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges（榮譽徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（模擬）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgives

traineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（駕駛艙學(xué)*科網(wǎng)）ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof"downed"pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?Toexperienceadventures.Tolookforjobsinaviation.Togetadegreeinengineering.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedstoA.flytospacegetanAviationbadgefirststudytheprinciplesofflightbuildandfiremodelrocketsWhatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.A.Leadership.D.Survivalskills.C.Taskplanning.D.Survivalskills.Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場）,andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.greaterwaxmothResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊狀物學(xué)科.網(wǎng)）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologiny2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.＂Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,＂sheexplains,＂Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.＂JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes腸道微生物）？Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theycanconsumeplastics.Theywindupinlandfills.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownfindoutthesourceoftheenzymeconfirmtheresearchfindingsincreasethebreakdownspeedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.helptoraisewormshelpmakeplasticbagsbeusedtocleantheoceansbeproducedinfactoriesinfutureWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Toexplainastudymethodonworms.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars（andrightfullyso）,policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions（排放）andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（叫車）services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues（責(zé)任與維護(hù)問題）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan .helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsprovidebetterservicestocustomerscausedamagetoourenvironmentmakesomepeoplelosejobsAsfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor’smajorconcern?A.Safety. B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability. D.Management.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂fielded＂inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed. B.Replaced.C.Shared. D.Reduced.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（觸發(fā)）events,personalitytraits（特征），andourassessmentofsituations.51Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.52Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.zxxkEachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.53Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative（消極的）outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.zxxk第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國朋切而在給你的郵件中提到他對中國文化感興趣，計劃明年來北京上大學(xué)。他向你咨詢相關(guān)信息。請給他回郵件，內(nèi)容包括：表示歡迎；推薦他上哪所大學(xué)；建議他做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,Yours,LiHua（請務(wù)必將作文寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）第二節(jié)（20分）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫一篇英文周記，記述你們上周接待外國學(xué)生，帶領(lǐng)他們體驗中國茶文化的全過程。學(xué)科&網(wǎng)注意：詞數(shù)不少于60。（請務(wù)必將作文寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)）2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）

英語參考答案第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B7.B8.A9.D10.AC 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.D第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共39分）16.C17.B18.A19.C20.D21.A22.B23.D24.A25.C26.A27.B28.D29.A30.D31.B32.B33.D34.C35.C第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）36.C37.C38.A39.B40.A41.D42.B43.C44.B45.D46.C47.A48.D49.A50.B51.F52.G53.E54.A55.D第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）DearJim,I’msogladtohearyourfutureeducationplaninBeijinginyourlastletter.Firs