Unit4SpaceExploration單元測沖刺帶解析

人教版新教材高一必修三4單元測試卷（滿分100，時間60分鐘）第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）AAbanontouristssittingonRome’sfamousSpanishStepshasdividedthecapital.Undernewrules,policehavestartedtellingtouriststheycannolongersitonthe135steps,whichsweepfromtheimposingchurchofTrinitade’MontidowntoPiazzadiSpagnaintheheartofthecity.Policebeganpatrollingthe18th-centurymarblestepsonTuesday,blowingwhistlesatthosesittingdown.Themonument,aUnescoworldheritagesite,haslongbeentheidealrestingspotfortiredvisitorsandholdsaspecialallureatsunset.Visitorswhodefythebancanbefined€250,whichincreasesto€400iftheyhavedirtiedordamagedthestonestaircase,whichwasmadefamousbythe1953romanticcomedyRomanHoliday,starringGregoryPeckandAudreyHepburn.ThenewrulesareanattempttostoptouristseatinganddrinkingontheSteps.Butthebanhasbeencondemnedastoostringent.VittorioSgarbi,ahigh-profileartcriticandculturalheritageexpert,said:“Theruleisexcessive,almostFascist.Banningtouristsfromsittingdownisreallyexcessive.”Butitwaswelcomedbybusinessownersinthearea.“Thisisasmallreturntocivility,”saidGianniBattistoni,thepresidentofanassociationofbusinesses.VivianaDiCapua,theheadofanassociationofresidentsofthehistoriccentreofRome,said:“Romeneedstoberespectedandpeopleneedtounderstandthatnoteverythingisallowed.”DavideSermoneta,theheadofanassociationofbusinessownersinthearea,saidmanytouristswerebadlybehaved.“Theydon’tunderstandthattheyareinacityofhistoryandbeauty.”ThisfinecomesontheheelsofotherrecentItalianpreservationefforts:swimmingbannedinTrevifountain;Florence'seating-in-the-streetsban;andsoon.Whilesomerecentmovesseemtobeadirectattempttocurbovertourism,thisparticularfineisaimedatpreservationactually.Parkbenches,sidewalkcafesandterraceswelcometiredtravelers,encouraginggueststositandstayawhile.

1.Whatdoesthebaninclude?A.Touristscan’tsitonRome’sfamousSpanishSteps.B.Touristscan’tsitonthoseparkbenchesofRome.C.Touristscan’tsitinthosesidewalkcafesofRome.D.Touristscan’twatchthebeautifulsunsetofRome.2.WhatmadeSpanishStepsfamous?A.Thebeautifulsunsetofthesquare. B.ThecomedyRomanHoliday.C.Thedeliciouswineandcoffee. D.ThefamousTrevifountain.3.Whoisagainsttheban?A.DavideSermoneta B.VivianaDiCapuaC.GianniBattistoni D.VittorioSgarbiBIt’sarealcaseoffishoutofwater.Blennies(鲇魚)intheSouthPacificOceanaregraduallyrelocatingtolandtoescapetheirpredators(捕食者),inanexampleofevolutioninaction.Fishfirstbegancrawlingontodrylandabout400millionyearsago,kickingoffanevolutionarychainofeventsthatledtohumans.Buttheirreasonsforexitingtheseahavebeenuncertain.Tolookforclues,TerryOrdattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinAustraliahasbeenstudyingseveralspeciesofblenniesatRarotonga,thelargestoftheCookIslands.Atlowtide,blenniesarecommonlyfoundswimminginrockpoolsaroundtheedgesoftheisland.Butwhenhightidemovesin,theyclimbuptodrylandandmovearoundtherocksuntilthetideretreats.Theresearchersfoundthatthisismostlikelytoavoidpredatorsthatswiminwiththerisingtide–mainlybiggerfishlikelionfish.Totestwhatwouldhappenifblenniesdidnothaveanescapeplan,theymadeblennymodelsandsanktheminthesea.Themimicsendedupwithwounds,bitemarksandchunks-missing.Ofcourse,therearestilldangersforblenniesonland,liketheoccasionalbirdattack,butthepredationriskonlandisathirdthatofunderwater.What’smore,movingontolandhasadditionalbenefitsforblennies.Holesintherocksprovideshelterednestsforlayingeggs,andtheycanmaintaintheirdietofbacteria.Infact,severalspeciesofblennyfishatRarotongahavealreadymadethefulltransitiontoland-dwelling(陸生的)species.Theycontinuetobreathewiththeirgills,buthavedevelopedstrongertailfinsandjumpfromrocktorock.Ordbelievesthatmanyevolutionaryprocesseshavebeendrivenbytheneedtoescapepredators.“Itisoftenassumedthatanimalsmovehomestofindnewsourcesoffood,butinmanycases,escapingpredatorsisastrongermotivation.”hesays.4.Whydoblenniesclimbtodrylandwhenhightidecomes?A.Toacquirebetterhealth. B.Tosearchformorefood.C.Toseeksaferlivingconditions. D.Toadapttoanewenvironment.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Themimics”inParagraph6referto?A.Therocksinthewater. B.Thepredatorsofblennies.C.Theresearchersofblennies. D.Themodelsofblennies.6.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.Ord’sresearchopensanewview.B.Ordwonderswhyanimalsmovehomes.C.Ordshowsusthebenefitsofblennies’evolution.D.Ordhasdiscoveredhowfishhavebecomelanddwellers.第二節(jié)（15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。FivestepstomakeadifferencetotheoceansTheoceansarebeingseriouslypollutednow.Plasticsareharmingthemarine(海產(chǎn)的)life.Carbonpollutioniswarmingtheoceansandincreasingtheiracidity(酸度).Watersarebeingoverfished.1Herearesomestepswecantaketohelpmakeadifference.1.Bringourownbags.2Trycarryingareusablebagatalltimes,includingwhiletraveling,andbringingourownthingstoworktoavoidrelyingonplasticitems.2.Talkaboutitnow.Weshouldcarrythatconversationintopublicplaces.Talktoourfriendsandfamilyaboutwhytheoceanisimportantandwhywetakestepstohelpit,andchallengethemtodothesame.3.3Agoodwaytomakeadifferenceistoorganizeagarbagecleanupnow.Whetherit’saninlandcleanuporonenearthecoast,planoneinourcommunity.4.Throwawayourcars.4Whenwehangout,weshouldreduceourcarbonfootprint,whichmayhelpslowglobalwarmingandoceanacidificationaswellasconserveenergy5.Recycle,obviously.Expertssayrecyclingisanobviousactiontotake.Checkonwhatcanberecycledinourcommunity,andmakesureyou’reseparatingoutyourplastic.Insummary,thinkaboutitmoreandactonitmore.Themoresomeonethinksaboutplasticsandplasticspollution,theenvironmentandtheconsequencesofouractions,themorelikelytheyaretoactonit.5A.Planacleanup.B.Choosepublictransportationoverdrivingourcars.C.Drivingcarsisnotagoodwaytoprotecttheoceans.D.However,expertssaythere’sstillhopetomakeadifference.E.However,marinelifeplaysaveryimportantroleintheoceans.F.Ifeveryonecancontributetotheoceans,theoceanswillbewellpreserved.G.Wheneverweputsomething,weshouldbringourownbag,butnotaplasticone.第三部分語言知識運用（15分）WilliamLindesaywasborninWallaseyofEnglandin1956.HefellinlovewiththeGreatWallat11."Ifellin1withitimmediately,"hesaidinaninterviewwithChinaDaily."Ithoughtitwouldbeagreatjourney,agreat2ifonedayIcouldtravelalongit,fromendtoend."At30WilliamLindesaybeganhisjourneyin1987.He378dayscovering2,470kilometers.It'sanepic4fromthefarwestofChinatothepoint5thestructuremeetsthesea.OnoneexpeditionoutintheGobiDesert,theexploreralmost6fromdehydration(脫水).Lindesayiswinnerofthe1998FriendshipAwardand2008BeijingGreatWallFriendshipAward.Healso7theOrderoftheBritishEmpirefromtheQueenin2006forhis8toculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandBritain.Duringhis9,henoticedsomesectionsofthewallwerebadly10andcoveredwithlitter.Modernizationanddevelopmentwere

makingthesituationeven11.Somepeoplesayitwilltake12tochange;Isaywedon'thavegenerationsoftime.It'sgottobemuchquicker."hesaid.Lindesayalwayscarriesagarbagebagwithhiminthewilderness,13litteralongtheway.Thecloth14bearsasetofninesimpleguidelinesinChinese,which15peopletoobservewhile16orcampingoutdoors:"Takeyourowngarbagehome,""Pickuplitter17byothers,""Don'tdamageplantsorflowers,orpickfruit"andlotsmore."Everypersoncanmakea18.IfwecangetabillionChinesepeopletobe19,Chinawillbeagreen,beautifuland20countrytolivein,"hesaid.1.A.love B.emotion C.faith D.belief2.A.campaign B.adventure C.procedure D.trial3.A.took B.cost C.spent D.paid4.A.way B.approach C.method D.journey5.A.where B.when C.which D.when6.A.stop B.help C.warn D.died7.A.raised B.handled C.received D.reported 8.A.attention B.contribution C.connection D.organization9.A.exploration B.invention C.addition D.consideration10.A.hid B.damaged C.exchanged D.distributed.worse B.better C.faster D.hotter12.A.functions B.vacations C.generations D.questions13.A.picking B.parking C.filling D.testing14.A.hat B.bag C.coat D.vest15.A.goon B.turnon C.dependon D.callson16.A.meeting B.working C.traveling D.practicing17.A.left B.read C.saved D.moved.importance B.difference C.confidence D.absence19.A.artists B.biologists C.chemists D.environmentalists20.A.healthy B.wealthy C.normal D.tough第二節(jié)（滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TinypiecesofplastichavebeenfoundinicecoresdrilledintheArcticbyaUS-ledteamofscientists.Thegrowingformofpollutionposestomarinelifeineventheremotestwatersontheplanet.Theresearchersthinkmicroplasticsarebeingblownaboutbywindsandthen—throughmechanismswhicharenot1(full)understood—transportedlongdistancesthroughtheatmosphere.Theparticlesarethen"washed"out2theatmospherethroughrainorsnow.Microplasticsarenotaspecifickindofplastic,butratheranytypeofplasticfragment3islessthan5mmin4(long).Theyenternaturalecosystemsfroma5(various)ofsources,includingcosmetics,clothing,and6(industry)processes.7(global),weareingestinganaverageof5gramsofplasticeveryweek,theequivalentofacreditcard.Itfoundthattheaveragepersonconsumes8manyas1,769particlesofplasticeveryweekjustby9(drink)water—bottledorfromthetap.Plasticisnotaparticularlyharmfulmaterial,howeverthereisthepotentialthatitdoessignificantharm.Furtherresearchisneededintotheimpactoflong-termplasticexposure.Butifmicroplasticsareshowntodamagehumanhealth,itwillbeverydifficult10(remove)themfromtheenvironment.Thediscoveryisespeciallydisturbingbecause,accordingtothestudy,"theArcticisstillwidelyconceivedasoneofthelastpristineenvironmentsontheglobe."第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分35分）假設(shè)你是王明，請你寫一篇文章，描述你最喜歡的動物，向?qū)W校校報投稿。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫人教版新教材高一必修三4單元測試卷答案及解析第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）A1.A細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容Undernewrules,policehavestartedtellingtouriststheycannolongersitonthe135steps…根據(jù)新規(guī)定，警方已開始告知游客，他們不能再坐在135級的西班牙臺階上了。可知答案為A。2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段whichwasmadefamousbythe1953romanticcomedyRomanHoliday,starringGregoryPeckandAudreyHepburn.1953年，格里高利·派克和奧黛麗·赫本主演的浪漫喜劇《羅馬假日》使石階聞名于世。可知答案為B。3.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段Butthebanhasbeencondemnedastoostringent.VittorioSgarbi,ahigh-profileartcriticandculturalheritageexpert,said:“Theruleisexcessive,almostFascist.Banningtouristsfromsittingdownisreallyexcessive.”但是一些人譴責(zé)這項禁令過于嚴(yán)厲。知名藝術(shù)評論家和文化遺產(chǎn)專家維托里奧·斯加比說：“這一禁令太過分了，幾乎是法西斯主義。…..但是禁止游客坐在那里實在是太過分了?！笨芍xD。B4.C細節(jié)理解題。由第五段“Theresearchersfoundthatthisismostlikelytoavoidpredatorsthatswiminwiththerisingtide–mainlybiggerfishlikelionfish.”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這很可能是為了躲避那些隨著潮水而來的捕食者——主要是像獅子魚這樣的大魚。所以為什么鲇魚在漲潮時爬到陸地上的原因是因為他們尋求更安全的生活條件。故C選項正確。5.D推理判斷題。由第六段“Totestwhatwouldhappenifblenniesdidnothaveanescapeplan,theymadeblennymodelsandsanktheminthesea.Themimicsendedupwithwounds,bitemarksandchunks-missing.”可知，為了測試如果鲇魚模型沒有逃生計劃會發(fā)生什么，他們制作了鲇魚模型，并把它們沉到海里。這些鲇魚模型最后留下了傷口、咬痕和大塊肉不見了。所以判斷出第6段劃線部分“Themimics”指的是鲇魚的模型。故D選項正確。6.A推理判斷題。由最后段“Itisoftenassumedthatanimalsmovehomestofindnewsourcesoffood,butinmanycases,escapingpredatorsisastrongermotivation.”可知，人們通常認(rèn)為動物搬家是為了尋找新的食物來源，但在很多情況下，逃離捕食者是更大的動機。所以奧德的觀點與人們認(rèn)為動物搬家是為了尋找新的食物來源不同，他認(rèn)為逃離捕食者是它們搬家的更大的動機。這樣的理論為人們認(rèn)識動物搬家研究開辟了一個新的視角。所以從最后一段可以得出結(jié)論是奧德的研究開辟了一個新的視野。故A選項正確。第二節(jié)（15分）1.D由“Theoceansarebeingseriouslypollutednow.Plasticsareharmingthemarine(海產(chǎn)的)life.Carbonpollutioniswarmingtheoceansandincreasingtheiracidity(酸度).Watersarebeingoverfished.1Herearesomestepswecantaketohelpmakeadifference.”可知，現(xiàn)在海洋受到嚴(yán)重污染。塑料正在傷害海洋生物的生命。碳污染使海洋變暖，增加了它們的酸度。水域被過度捕撈。以下是我們可以采取的一些步驟來幫助做出改變。所以小題1要起到與前面的句子轉(zhuǎn)折的作用，才能夠引起下文“以下是我們可以采取的一些步驟來幫助做出改變”。故D選項“然而，專家表示，仍有希望做出改變”符合句意，故D選項正確。2.G由小標(biāo)題“Bringourownbags.”可知，帶上自己的袋子。所以小題2要說明當(dāng)我們放東西的時候，我們應(yīng)該自己帶包，而不是塑料制成的袋子，在結(jié)合空處后面的句子一同來說明。避免塑料袋子能夠有效幫助改變海洋環(huán)境。故G選項“當(dāng)我們放東西的時候，我們應(yīng)該自己帶包，而不是塑料袋”符合句意。故G選項正確。3.A由“Agoodwaytomakeadifferenceistoorganizeagarbagecleanupnow.Whetherit’saninlandcleanuporonenearthecoast,planoneinourcommunity.”可知，改變現(xiàn)狀的一個好方法是現(xiàn)在就組織一次垃圾清理。無論是內(nèi)陸清理還是海岸附近的清理，在我們的社區(qū)里計劃一次垃圾清理活動。所以本段主要是圍繞著“計劃清理垃圾”而展開的也就是本段小標(biāo)題小題3的內(nèi)容。故A選項“計劃清理垃圾”符合句意。故A選項正確。4.B由小標(biāo)題“Throwawayourcars.”可知，不開車。所以小題4要表明用什么樣的方式來取代開車，從此達到節(jié)能減排的目的。故B選項“選擇公共交通而不是開車”符合句意。故B選項正確。5.F由“Themoresomeonethinksaboutplasticsandplasticspollution,theenvironmentandtheconsequencesofouractions,themorelikelytheyaretoactonit.”可知，人們越想塑料和塑料污染，環(huán)境和我們行為的后果，他們就越可能采取行動。所以小題5與前一句都是對短文總結(jié)的內(nèi)容。故F選項“如果每個人都能為海洋做出貢獻，那么海洋將會得到很好的保護”。故F選項正確。第三部分語言知識運用（15分）1.A考察動詞短語fallinlovewith…“愛上”。A.love愛；B.emotion情感；C.faith信任；D.belief相信。本句意為：“我立刻就愛上了它，”他在接受《中國日報》采訪時表示，“我想，如果有一天我能從頭到尾沿著它走一趟，那將是一次偉大的旅行，一次偉大的冒險?！惫蔬xA。2.B考查名詞辨析。adventure3.C考查動詞辨析。A.took攜帶；B.cost花費，主語為物或事；C.spent(人)花費…D.paid付款。本句意為“他用78天“丈量”了2470公里的長城?！惫蔬xC。4.D考查名詞辨析。A.way方法，道路；B.approach方法，接近；C.method方法；D.journey旅程。本句意為：這是一段史詩般的旅程，始于遙遠的中國西部，終于長城與大海交匯的地方。故選D。5.A考查副詞辨析。本句考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處表示地點，故選A。6.D考查動詞辨析。停止；幫助；警告；D.died死。本句意為：在戈壁沙漠的一次探險中，這位探險家險些死于脫水。故選D?？疾閯釉~辨析。A.raised舉起，抬高；B.handled應(yīng)付，處理；C.received收到；C.reported報道。本句意為：2006年，他還因?qū)χ杏⑽幕涣鞯呢暙I，被英女王授予大英帝國勛章。故選C。8.B考查名詞辨析。A.attention注意；B.contribution貢獻；C.connection連接，練習(xí)；D.organization組織。本句意為：2006年，他還因?qū)χ杏⑽幕涣鞯呢暙I，被英女王授予大英帝國勛章。故選B。9.A考查名詞辨析。A.exploration探索；B.invention發(fā)明；C.addition另外；D.consideration考慮。本句意為：在長城上行走的30多年里，威廉·林賽發(fā)現(xiàn)長城受到日益嚴(yán)重的自然風(fēng)化及人為破壞。故選A。10.B考查動詞辨析。A.hid隱藏；B.

damaged破環(huán)；C.exchanged交換；D.distributed分配。本句意為：在他的探險過程中，他注意到長城的部分城段嚴(yán)重受損，被垃圾覆蓋?，F(xiàn)代化和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展使情況更加惡化。故選B。11.A考查形容詞辨析。A.worse更壞的；B.better更好的；C.faster更快的；D.hotter更熱的。本句意為：在他的探險過程中，他注意到長城的部分城段嚴(yán)重受損，被垃圾覆蓋?，F(xiàn)代化和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展使情況更加惡化。故選A。12.C考查名詞辨析。A.functions作用；B.vacations假期；C.generations一代人；D.questions問題。本句意為：林賽說，“有些人說這需要幾代人來改變；而我認(rèn)為，我們沒有幾代人的時間，我們必須趕快行動?！惫蔬xC。13.A考查動詞辨析。A.picking撿，拾；B.parking停車；C.filling裝滿；D.testing測試。本句意