全國高考英語真題

第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AWashington,D.CBicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear！WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CDuration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute路線)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?ACherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,.BWashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CCapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CDWashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?AMeetfamouspeople.BGotoanationalpark.CVisitwell-knownmuseums.DEnjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide？ACitymaps.BCameras.CMeals.DSafetylights.BGoodMorningBritain,sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning，butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget。InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe,sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe,slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion（份），butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries系歹列節(jié)目），Savemoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney：GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight,sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily,slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.doweknowaboutSusannaReid?ASheenjoysembarrassingherguests.BShehasstartedanewprogramme.CShedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.DShehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusannaAHebuyscookingmaterialsforher.BHepreparesfoodforherkids.CHeassistsherincookingmatters.DHeinvitesguestfamiliesforher.doestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?ASummarizethepreviousparagraphs.BProvidesomeadviceforthereaders.CAddsomebackgroundinformation.DIntroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?AKeepingFitbyEatingSmartBBalancingOurDailyDietCMakingYourselfaPerfectChefDCookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（聯(lián)系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellovermediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersismere6,000,whichthathalftheworld,slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?ATheydevelopedveryfastBTheywerelargeinnumberCTheyhadsimilarpatternsDTheywerecloselyconnectedWhichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?AComplexB.AdvancedCPowerful.DModernHowmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?AAbout6,800BAbout3,400CAbout2,400DAbout1,200Whatisthemainideaofthetext?ANewlanguageswillbecreated.BPeople,slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.CHumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.DGeographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearlyweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.DigitalcamerasarrivedonthesceneinWP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn,tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Wferenotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-Wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt,steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat,sthesolution（解決方案）？Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007，buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?ATheyareenvironment-friendly.BTheyarenobetterthantheold.CTheycostmoretouseathome.DTheygooutofstylequickly.WhydidBabbitt,steamconducttheresearch?AToreducethecostofminerals.BTotestthelifecycleofaproduct.CToupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.DTofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?AThebox-setTV.BThetablet.CTheLCDTV.DThedesktopcomputer.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?AStopusingthemBTakethemapartCUpgradethem.DRecyclethem.第二節(jié) （共5小題：每小題2分,滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesinoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou,lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat,sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeelOvertheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'erreallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcoloriyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38 ,Theyirethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39 .Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou,relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.

WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou,relookingforIfyou,reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithit,snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren't43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's46Icouldhardlywaitto47him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand52.toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53andleanedlifemstillputtingtousewhathe55me：whenyouplaychessishowtomakelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthemstillputtingtousewhathe55me：whenyouplaychessishowtomakeTenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I,“theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearngood57.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent（對手）isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions?Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist.41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedout D.turneddown42.A.wasteB.earn C.save D.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.erview B.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job50.A.attendB.pass C.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturally C.directly D.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announce B.signal C.blockD.evaluate60.A.role B.desireC.concernD.behavior61.第二節(jié) （共10小題;每小題分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears__61__(long)thannon-runners,Youdon,thavetorunfastorforlong62.(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit_64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife_65_walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall_67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise…it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoid