全新版大學(xué)英語(第二版)綜合教程-第五冊-Unit 1 Love of Reading-One Writer's Beginnings

Whatattitudesdidyourfamilyhavetowardreadingwhenyouwereachild?Didbookssurroundyou?Whichbooksdidyourparentsorotherrelativesreadtoyouorsuggestthatyouread?Howdidyoufeelaboutbooksasachildgrowingup?Readontoseeifyourexperiencesinanywaymatchthoseoftheauthor.當(dāng)你還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)，你家人對閱讀持什么態(tài)度？你周圍可曾有各種書籍？父母親戚給你念哪些書？推薦你讀哪些書？作為一個(gè)漸漸長大的孩子，你對書有些怎樣的感受？請讀本文，看看你的經(jīng)歷是否與本文作者的經(jīng)歷有相同之處。OneWriter'sBeginningsEudoraWelty1Ilearnedfromtheageoftwoorthreethatanyroominourhouse,atanytimeofday,wastheretoreadin,ortobereadto.Mymotherreadtome.She'dreadtomeinthebigbedroominthemornings,whenwewereinherrockertogether,whichtickedinrhythmaswerocked,asthoughwehadacricketaccompanyingthestory.She'dreadtomeinthediningroomonwinterafternoonsinfrontofthecoalfire,withourcuckooclockendingthestorywith"Cuckoo",andatnightwhenI'dgotinmyownbed.Imusthavegivenhernopeace.Sometimesshereadtomeinthekitchenwhileshesatchurning,andthechurningsobbedalongwithanystory.ItwasmyambitiontohaveherreadtomewhileIchurned;onceshegrantedmywish,butshereadoffmystorybeforeIbroughtherbutter.Shewasanexpressivereader.Whenshewasreading"PussinBoots,"forinstance,itwasimpossiblenottoknowthatshedistrustedallcats.作家起步時(shí)尤多拉·威爾提我從兩三歲起就知道，家中隨便在哪個(gè)房間里，白天無論在什么時(shí)間，都可以念書或聽人念書。母親念書給我聽。上午她都在那間大臥室里給我念，兩人一起坐在她那把搖椅里，我們搖晃時(shí)，椅子發(fā)出有節(jié)奏的滴答聲，好像有只唧唧鳴叫的蟋蟀在伴著讀故事。冬日午后，她常在餐廳里燒著煤炭的爐火前給我念，布谷鳥自鳴鐘發(fā)出“咕咕”聲時(shí)，故事便結(jié)束了；晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也給我念。想必我是不讓她有一刻清靜。有時(shí)她在廚房里一邊坐著攪制黃油一邊給我念，故事情節(jié)就隨著攪制黃油發(fā)出的抽抽搭搭的聲響不斷展開。我的奢望是她念我來攪拌；有一次她滿足了我的愿望，可是我要聽的故事她念完了，她要的黃油我卻還沒弄好。她念起故事來富有表情。比如，她念《穿靴子的貓》時(shí)，你就沒法不相信她對貓一概懷疑。2Ithadbeenstartlinganddisappointingtometofindoutthatstorybookshadbeenwrittenbypeople,thatbookswerenotnaturalwonders,comingupofthemselveslikegrass.Yetregardlessofwheretheycamefrom,IcannotrememberatimewhenIwasnotinlovewiththem—withthebooksthemselves,coverandbindingandthepapertheywereprintedon,withtheirsmellandtheirweightandwiththeirpossessioninmyarms,capturedandcarriedofftomyself.Stillilliterate,Iwasreadyforthem,committedtoallthereadingIcouldgivethem.當(dāng)我得知故事書原來是人寫出來的，書本原來不是什么大自然的奇跡，不像草那樣自生自長時(shí)，真是又震驚又失望。不過，姑且不論書本從何而來，我不記得自己有什么時(shí)候不愛書——書本本身、封面、裝訂、印著文字的書頁，還有油墨味、那種沉甸甸的感覺，以及把書抱在懷里時(shí)那種將我征服、令我陶醉的感覺。還沒識字，我就想讀書了，一心想讀所有的書。3Neitherofmyparentshadcomefromhomesthatcouldaffordtobuymanybooks,butthoughitmusthavebeensomethingofastrainonhissalary,astheyoungestofficerinayounginsurancecompany,myfatherwasallthewhilecarefullyselectingandorderingawayforwhatheandMotherthoughtwechildrenshouldgrowupwith.Theyboughtfirstforthefuture.我的父母都不是來自那種買得起許多書的家庭。然而，雖然買書準(zhǔn)得花去他不少薪金，作為一家成立不久的保險(xiǎn)公司最年輕的職員，父親一直在精心挑選、不斷訂購他和母親認(rèn)為兒童成長應(yīng)讀的書。他們購書首先是為了我們的前程。4Besidesthebookcaseinthelivingroom,whichwasalwayscalled"thelibrary",thereweretheencyclopediatablesanddictionarystandunderwindowsinourdiningroom.HeretohelpusgrowuparguingaroundthediningroomtableweretheUnabridgedWebster,theColumbiaEncyclopedia,Compton'sPicturedEncyclopedia,theLincolnLibraryofInformation,andlatertheBookofKnowledge.In"thelibrary",insidethebookcasewerebooksIcouldsoonbeginon—andIdid,readingthemallalikeandastheycame,straightdowntheirrows,topshelftobottom.Mymotherreadsecondarilyforinformation;shesankasahedonistintonovels.ShereadDickensinthespiritinwhichshewouldhaveelopedwithhim.Thenovelsofhergirlhoodthathadstayedoninherimagination,besidesthoseofDickensandScottandRobertLouisStevenson,wereJaneEyre,Trilby,TheWomaninWhite,GreenMansions,KingSolomon'sMines.除了客廳里有一向被稱作“圖書室”的書櫥，餐廳的窗子下還有幾張擺放百科全書的桌子和一個(gè)字典架。這里有伴隨我們在餐桌旁爭論著長大的《韋氏大詞典》、《哥倫比亞百科全書》、《康普頓插圖百科全書》、《林肯資料文庫》，以及后來的《知識庫》?！皥D書館”書櫥里的書沒過多久我就能讀了——我的確讀了，全都讀了，按著順序，一排接著一排讀，從最上面的書架一直讀到最下面的書架。母親讀書最重要的不在獲取信息。她是為了享受快樂而埋頭讀小說。她讀狄更斯時(shí)的神情簡直就像要跟他私奔似的。她少女時(shí)代讀的小說印在了她心頭的，除了狄更斯、司各特和羅伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森等人的作品之外，還有《簡·愛》、《切爾比》、《白衣女士》、《綠廈》和《所羅門王的礦藏》。5TobothmyparentsIowemyearlyacquaintancewithabelovedMarkTwain.TherewasafullsetofMarkTwainandashortsetofRingLardnerinourbookcase,andthosewerethevolumesthatintimeunitedusall,parentsandchildren.多虧了我的父母，我很早就接觸了受人喜愛的馬克·吐溫。書櫥里有一整套馬克·吐溫文集和一套不全的林·拉德納作品集，這些書最終將父母和孩子聯(lián)結(jié)在一起。6ReadingeverythingthatstoodbeforemewashowIcameuponawornoldbookthathadbelongedtomyfatherasachild.ItwascalledSanfordandMerton.Isthereanyoneleftwhorecognizesit,Iwonder?ItisthefamousmoraltalewrittenbyThomasDayinthe1780s,butofhimnomentionismadeonthetitlepageofthisbook;hereitisSanfordandMertoninWordsofOneSyllablebyMaryGodolphin.HerearetherichboyandthepoorboyandMr.Barlow,theirteacherandinterlocutor,inlongdiscoursesalternatingwithdramaticscenes—angerandrescueallottedtotherichandthepoorrespectively.Itendswithnotonebuttwomorals,bothengravedonrings:"Dowhatyouought,comewhatmay,"and"Ifwewouldbegreat,wemustfirstlearntobegood."我一本接一本閱讀擺在我面前的書，讀著讀著便發(fā)現(xiàn)一本又破又舊的書，是我父親小時(shí)候的。書名是《桑福徳與默頓》。我不相信如今還有誰會記得這本書。那是托瑪斯·戴在18世紀(jì)80年代撰寫的一本著名的進(jìn)行道德教育的故事書，可該書的扉頁上并沒有提及他；上面寫的是《桑福徳與默頓簡易本》，瑪麗·戈多爾芬著。書中講的是一個(gè)富孩子和一個(gè)窮孩子與他們老師巴洛先生之間的冗長的談話，其間穿插著戲劇性場面——分別寫了富孩子和窮孩子如何發(fā)火、如何獲救。書末講的道德寓意不是一條，而是兩條，都印在環(huán)形圖案里：“不管發(fā)生什么，該做的就去做”，還有“想做偉人，必須先學(xué)會做個(gè)好人”。7Thisbookwaslackingitsfrontcover,thebackheldonbystripsofpastedpaper,nowturnedgolden,inseverallayers,andthepagesstained,flecked,andtatteredaroundtheedges;itsgarishillustrationshadcomeunattachedbutwerepreserved,laidin.Ihadthefeelingeveninmyheedlesschildhoodthatthiswastheonlybookmyfatherasalittleboyhadhadofhisown.Hehadheldontoit,andmighthavegonetosleeponitscoverlessface:hehadlosthismotherwhenhewasseven.Myfatherhadnevermadeanymentiontohisownchildrenofthebook,buthehadbroughtitalongwithhimfromOhiotoourhouseandshelveditinourbookcase.這本書沒了封面，封底用幾條紙片粘牢，有好幾層，如今都泛黃了，書頁上污跡斑斑，邊角處都破碎了；書中花哨的插圖脫了頁，但都保存良好，夾在書里。即使在少不更事的童年，我就覺得那是我父親小時(shí)候擁有的惟一一本書。他一直珍藏著這本書，或許還枕著這本沒了封面的書睡覺：他7歲時(shí)就沒了母親。我父親從來沒跟自己的孩子提起過這本書，但他從俄亥俄一路把它帶到我們的家，把它放進(jìn)我們的書櫥。8MymotherhadbroughtfromWestVirginiathatsetofDickens:thosebookslookedsad,too—theyhadbeenthroughfireandwaterbeforeIwasborn,shetoldme,andtheretheywere,linedup—asIlaterrealized,waitingforme.母親則從西弗吉尼亞帶來了那套狄更斯：那套書看上去也慘不忍睹——她告訴我，我還沒出生，這些書就歷經(jīng)水火之災(zāi)，可現(xiàn)在它們還是整齊地排列在那兒——后來我意識到，是等著我去讀。9Iwaspresented,fromasearlyasIcanremember,withbooksofmyown,whichappearedonmybirthdayandChristmasmorning.Indeed,myparentscouldnotgivemebooksenough.Theymusthavesacrificedtogivemeonmysixthorseventhbirthday—itwasafterIbecameareaderformyself-theten-volumesetofOurWonderWorld.Thesewerebeautifullymade,heavybooksIwouldliedownwithonthefloorinfrontofthediningroomhearth,andmoreoftenthantherestvolume5,EveryChild'sStoryBook,wasundermyeyes.Therewerethefairytales—Grimm,Andersen,theEnglish,theFrench,"AliBabaandtheFortyThieves";andtherewasAesopandReynardtheFox;therewerethemythsandlegends,RobinHood,KingArthur,andSt.GeorgeandtheDragon,eventhehistoryofJoanofArc;awhackofPilgrim'sProgressandalongpieceofGulliver.Theyallcarriedtheirclassicillustrations.IlocatedmyselfinthesepagesandcouldgostraighttothestoriesandpicturesIloved;veryoften"TheYellowDwarf"wasfirstchoice,withWalterCrane'sYellowDwarfinfullcolormakinghisterrifyingappearanceflankedbyturkeys.Nowthatvolumeisaswornandbacklessandhangingapartasmyfather'spoorSanfordandMerton.OnemeasureofmyloveforOurWonderWorldwasthatforalongtimeIwonderedifIwouldgothroughfireandwaterforitasmymotherhaddoneforCharlesDickens;andtheonlycomfortwastothinkIcouldaskmymothertodoitforme.從記事起我就收到給自己的書了，那是在生日時(shí)，還有圣誕節(jié)早晨。我父母真的是送給我再多的書都嫌不夠。在我6歲或7歲生日時(shí)——那是在我自己能讀書之后——他們送我一套10卷本的《我們的神奇世界》，為此，準(zhǔn)是作了不少犧牲。那套書真漂亮，厚厚的，我總是帶著它躺在餐廳壁爐前的地板上，讀得最多的是第5卷：《兒童故事》。那都是些童話故事——格林的、安徒生的、英國童話、法國童話，“阿里巴巴和四十大盜”；還有伊索寓言和列那狐的故事；還有神話和傳奇故事，如羅賓漢、亞瑟王、圣喬治和龍，甚至還有歷史故事圣女貞德；還有一部分《天路歷程》，以及一長段《格列佛游記》。每篇故事都有精彩的插圖。我早已讓自己走進(jìn)這些故事中去了，一翻就能翻到自己喜愛的故事和插圖；《黃膚色小矮人》常常是我的首選，沃爾特·克萊恩繪的彩色插圖中黃膚色小矮人看著令人害怕，他左右還有火雞侍立。如今這冊書已經(jīng)跟父親那本損壞的《桑福徳與默頓》一樣，又破又舊，最后幾頁掉了，書頁散了。有很長一段時(shí)間，我一直想自己能不能像母親為查爾斯·狄更斯做的那樣，為《我們的神奇世界》這套書赴湯蹈火，從這一點(diǎn)也可想見我對這套書是多么珍愛；惟一令人安慰的是我相信我可讓母親為我這么做。10IbelieveI'mtheonlychildIknowofwhogrewupwiththistreasureinthehouse.Iusedtoaskothers,"DidyouhaveOurWonderWorld?"I'dhavetotellthemTheBookofKnowledgecouldnotholdacandletoit.在所有認(rèn)識的孩子們當(dāng)中，我想自己是惟一有家藏寶庫伴隨著長大的孩子。過去我常常問別人：“你有《我們的神奇世界》嗎？”我常常得跟人解釋，《知識庫》根本沒法跟這套書比。11Iliveingratitudetomyparentsforinitiatingme—asearlyasIbeggedforit,withoutkeepingmewaiting—intoknowledgeoftheword,intoreadingandspelling,bywayofthealphabet.Theytaughtittomeathomeintimeformetobegintoreadbeforestartingtoschool.我感激父母通過認(rèn)識字母對我——早在我要求之時(shí)，而沒有讓我等待——進(jìn)行文字啟蒙，教我閱讀和拼寫。他們在家里教我，我得以在上學(xué)前就開始了閱讀。12EversinceIwasfirstreadto,thenstartedreadingtomyself,therehasneverbeenalinereadthatIdidn'thear.Asmyeyesfollowedthesentence,avoicewassayingitsilentlytome.Itisn'tmymother'svoice,orthevoiceofanypersonIcanidentify,certainlynotmyown.Itishuman,butinward,anditisinwardlythatIlistentoit.Itistomethevoiceofthestoryorthepoemitself.Thecadence,whateveritisthatasksyoutobelieve,thefeelingthatresidesintheprintedword,reachesmethroughthereader-voice:Ihavesupposed,butneverfoundout,thatthisisthecasewithallreaders—toreadaslisteners—andwithallwriters,towriteaslisteners.Itmaybepartofthedesiretowrite.Thesoundofwhatfallsonthepagebeginstheprocessoftestingitfortruth,forme.WhetherIamrighttotrustsofarIdon'tknow.BynowIdon'tknowwhetherIcoulddoeitherone,readingorwriting,withouttheother.從最初聽故事，到后來自己開始讀書，從來沒有一行讀過的字我不聞其聲。當(dāng)我的目光掃過一個(gè)句子時(shí)，就會有個(gè)聲音默念給我聽。那不是母親的聲音，也不是我能辨認(rèn)的某個(gè)人的聲音，當(dāng)然也不是我本人的聲音。那是人的聲音，但是內(nèi)在的，我傾聽的正是內(nèi)心深處的聲音。對我而言，那就是故事本身的聲音，就是詩本身的聲音。那抑揚(yáng)頓挫的聲音，不論它要你相信的是什么，那印刷文字中蘊(yùn)含的情感，通過誦讀者的聲音傳遞給我：我一直猜想，卻始終沒能證實(shí)，所有的讀者都如此——邊讀邊聽，所有的作者都如此——邊寫邊聽。那或許是寫作欲望的一部分。對我而言，落在紙頁上的聲音可幫助測試寫下來的是否是實(shí)事真情。我不知道我相信到這個(gè)程度是否對頭。如今我也不知道自己能不能做到只讀不寫，或只寫不讀。13Myownwords,whenIamatworkonastory,Iheartooastheygo,inthesamevoicethatIhearwhenIreadinbooks.WhenIwriteandthesoundofitcomesbacktomyears,thenIacttomakemychanges.Ihavealwaystrustedthisvoice.在寫小說時(shí)，我也能聽見文字落紙的聲音，與我讀書時(shí)聽到的聲音一樣。我寫著，那聲音傳入耳內(nèi)，于是我聞聲而動，加以修改。我一直信賴這一聲音。1.rockern.rocking-chair搖椅e.g.Theoldladywasreadinganewspaperinherrocker.2.tickvi.makelight,regularlyrepeatedsounds發(fā)出滴答聲vt.putasmallmarkagainst(names,figures,etc.)toshowthatsth.iscorrect在...上打勾n.滴答聲；記號，勾形符號e.g.Icouldheartheclockonthewallticking.3.rhythmn.regularsuccessionsofweakandstrongstresses,accents,soundsofmovements(inspeech,music,dancing,etc.)（說話、音樂、舞蹈等的）節(jié)奏，韻律e.g.Theaudienceclappedinrhythmaswesang.4.inrhythm有節(jié)奏地5.cricketn.蟋蟀；板球（運(yùn)動）e.g.About1,000kindsofcricketshavebeendiscoveredbyscientists.6.givesb.nopeacekeepdisturbingsb.讓某人不得安寧e.g.Thebabykeptcoughingallnight,givinghermothernopeace.7.churnv.beatandshake(cream)inatub;make(butter)inthisway攪拌（乳脂）；攪拌乳脂制（黃油）e.g.Creammaybechurnedintobutter.8.sobvi.drawinbreathsharplyandirregularlyfromsorroworpain,esp.whilecrying;makethesoundlikethatofsobbing嗚咽，啜泣，抽噎；發(fā)嗚咽聲n.actorsoundofsobbing嗚咽（聲），啜泣（聲）e.g.Ifoundhersobbinginthebedroombecauseshe'dbrokenherfavoritedoll.9.ambitionn.strongdesire(tobeordosth.);objectofsuchadesire抱負(fù)，雄心，野心；目標(biāo)，夙愿;e.g.Herambitionwastobecomeacinemaactress.10.expressivea.(esp.ofwordsoraface)fulloffeelingandmeaning富有表情的；富有意味的e.g.Shehadlargeexpressiveeyes.11.pussn.(wordusedtocalla)cat（叫喚貓時(shí)用語）貓咪e.g.Here,puss.12.bootn.靴；(BrE)（汽車后部的）行李箱e.g.Mybootsaretootight.13.illiteratea.unabletoreadorwrite,withlittleornoeducation目不識丁的；未受教育的e.g.Formanyilliteratepeopletelevisionistheonemeansofgettingnews.14.salaryn.paymentforregularemployment薪金，薪水e.g.Thispositionoffersaweeklysalaryof$200.15.allthewhileallthetime一直e.g.AllthewhileshetalkedofAnnie’sgoodspiritsandcleverness.16.encyclopedian.book,orsetofbooks,givinginformationabouteverybranchofknowledge,orononesubject,witharticlesinalphabeticalorder百科全書e.g.Thebestwaytolearnhowtouseanencyclopediaissimplytopracticewithit.17.unabridgeda.(ofsth.written)giveninfullform,notshortened未經(jīng)刪節(jié)的；完整的e.g.Thereisanunabridgeddictionaryonthelibrarytable.18.secondarilyad.次要地，從屬地e.g.ThetradingpatternsoftheEuropeanUnioncountriesareprimarilywithoneanother;ingafter,lessimportantthan,whatisfirstorchief;(ofschool,etc.)followingelementaryschool次要的，從屬的；（學(xué)校等）中等的20.sinkintoindulgein,beabsorbedinto沉溺于e.g.Asmonthswentby,hesankintoadeepdepression.21.hedonistn.believerintheideathatpleasureisthechiefgood享樂主義者e.g.Thehedonistseeksonlypleasureandself-gratification.22.elopev.(ofawoman)runawayfromhomeorahusband(withalover)（指女子）私奔e.g.AlanandLucyelopedagainstLucy'sparents'wisheslastweek.23.stayonremainaftertheusualorexpectedtimeforleaving久留不去，逗留e.g.It’ssolovelyhere;let’sstayonforabit.24.beloveda.dearlyloved所鐘愛的，受愛戴的e.g.SirHenryWyatt(1460-1537)issaidbyhistorianstohavebeen"themostbelovedmaninEngland".25.morala.concerningprinciplesofrightandwrong;goodandvirtuous道德（上）的；有道德的n.thatwhichastory,eventorexperienceteaches;standardsofbehavior,principlesofrightandwrong寓意；道德（規(guī)范），品行e.g.Oerlocutorn.persontakingpartinadiscussionordialogue參與討論者，對話者e.g.Theroleoftheinterlocutorisveryimportantintheflowofconversation.27.discoursen.conversation;speech,lecture;treatise談話；演說；論文e.g.Thepriestdeliveredalongdiscourseontheevilsofuntruthfulness.28.allotvt.makeadistributionof分配，撥出e.g.Howmuchtimehasbeenallottedtothiswork?29.respectivelyad.separatelyorinturn,andintheordermentioned各自地，各個(gè)地，分別地e.g.Bob,DickandTomare6,8,and10yearsold,respectively.30.respectivea.oforfororbelongingtoeachofthoseinquestion各自的，各個(gè)的，分別的31.engravevt.cutorcarve(lines,words,designs,etc.)onahardsurface;impressdeeply(onthememoryormind)雕刻；使銘記，使牢記e.g.Hehadhisnameengravedonhiswatch.32.fleckvt.markwithsmallspotsorpatches使有斑點(diǎn)；飾以斑點(diǎn)n.斑點(diǎn)e.g.Thebird'sbreastisfleckedwithred.33.garisha.unpleasantlybright;over-coloredorover-decorated炫耀的；過于艷麗的；過分裝飾的e.g.Herdressisgarishintasteandcolor34.illustrationn.pictures,diagrams,etcthatareusedtoexplainorreveal;usingexamples,data,quotes,etctoexplainorshowapoint插圖，圖解；例證說明e.g.Arethereanyillustrationsonthispage?35.unattacheda.unconnected分開的，不相連的e.g.Pleaseencloseyoursignedchequeandpaymentslipunattachedandunfolded.36.heedlessa.unmindful,careless;inattentive漫不經(jīng)心，粗心大意的；不注意的e.g.Iwassillyandheedless,ignoringtheadviceofpeoplewhoweretryingtohelpme.37.coverlessa.(ofbooks,magazines,etc.)withoutacover無封面的e.g.Hetookthecoverlessbookfromherhand.38.shelvevt.putonashelf將…置于架上e.g.Thebookswereshelvedinalphabeticalorder.39.hearthn.floorofafireplace,theareanearthefireplace爐床，壁爐邊e.g.Evenintheirhandsomebrickhometheydelightedtositatthehearthintheevening.40.legendn.oldstoryhandeddownfromthepast,esp.oneofdoubtfultruth;famousperson傳說，傳奇故事；傳奇人物e.g.TherearemanylegendsabouttheexploitsofRobinHood.41.whackn.(infml)portion,share部分，一份e.g.Haveyouallhadyourwhack?42.flankvt.placeatthesideoforoneithersideof將…置于的一側(cè)（或兩側(cè))n.側(cè)面；側(cè)翼；脅e.g.Twostonelionsflankedtheentrance.43.backlessa.(ofbooks,magazines,etc.)withoutthebackcover無書脊的，無封底的e.g.awornandbacklessbook44.gothroughfireandwaterfacegreathardshipanddanger赴湯蹈火，冒一切危險(xiǎn)e.g.I'dgothroughfireandwaterformydearMildred.45.notholdacandletonotnearlysogoodas,nottobecomparedto比不上，不能與...相比e.g.HecannotholdacandletoJohnwhenitcomestolearningforeignlanguages.46.ingratitudetobethankfulto對…心存感激e.g.Iamingratitudetoyourkindness.47.initiatevt.give(sb.)elementaryinstruction;set(sth.)working使初步了解；發(fā)起，創(chuàng)始e.g.HedecidedtoinitiateusintotheartofChinesecookery