Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)課件【知識建構+高效助教】高中英語人教版（2019）必修第二冊

Unit3GrammarPresentPerfectPassvieVoicepresent(now)futurepast過去的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產生影響ThePresentPerfectTenseIhavelivedinChinafor5years.我在中國住了5年。（從5年前到現(xiàn)在，并且現(xiàn)在還在中國）IlivedinChinafor5years.我在中國住了5年。（過去住在中國，現(xiàn)在不在中國）過去的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產生影響Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙)Ihaven'treadthebookyet.(不了解書的內容)時間狀語just;already;ever;never;yet不確定的時間一段時間for3days;since3daysago其他時間thismorning;bynow;sofar肯定式：S+have/has+V-過去分詞(done)否定式：S+have/has+not+V-過去分詞...一般問句：Have/Has+S+V-過去分詞...特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has+S+V-過去分詞...現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結構“三變”例：Theyhavealreadysolvedtheproblem.原句主語by的賓語賓語主語

謂語由主動被動“三不變”原句意思不變原句時態(tài)不變原句主謂賓以外成分不變Theproblem____________________bythem.hasalreadybeensolved被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+done現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+being+done被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+doneAnenemyhasbeenslained.一名敵人被擊殺。Anallyhasbeenslained.我方隊友被擊殺。Youhavebeenslained.你被擊殺了。ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的用法用法1:被動動作發(fā)生在過去,已經(jīng)完成,對現(xiàn)在造成影響或產生結果。(already,yet,sofar,bynow)Theletter

(post)already.hasbeenpostedManyhouses

(build)forthepoorsofar.havebeenbuilt用法2:被動動作發(fā)生在過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。(for+一段時間;since；since+段時間+ago)Themachine

(repair)fortwohoursbutitstilldoesn’twork.hasbeenrepairedPapermoney

(use)forover50years.hasbeenused肯定式：S+have/hasbeendone...否定式：S+have/hasnotbeendone...一般問句：Have/Has+S+beendone特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has+S+beendone現(xiàn)在完成被動語態(tài)的基本結構練習Tomhasinvitedthesingeralready.Thesingerhasbeeninvited(byTom)already.Thesingerhasnotbeeninvited(byTom)yet.Hasthesingerbeeninvited(byTom)yet?Whohasbeeninvited(byTom)?

被動否定一般疑問對賓語提問Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.Readthepassageagainandcompletethesentences.People’slives_________________(change)byonlinecommunitiesandsocialnetworks.Manypeople_______________(help)bytheclub.Jan’slife_________________(improve)greatlybytheInternet.havebeenchangedhavebeenhelpedhasbeenimproved即時訓練Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.1.將原句變?yōu)榉穸ň?。Thechildrenhaven’tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.2.將原句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹avethechildrenbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?3.對原句中的thechildren進行提問。Who

hasbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?Exercises1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I_____________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Overtimemymemory___________(develop)somuchthat

IneverforgetanythingI____________(told).3.Sincethe1970smanynewapplications______________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas_____(help)withmedicaloperations.hasdevelopedhavebeentoldhavebeenusedhavebeenfoundbeenputhelped一般進行完成現(xiàn)在過去將來am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehad

beendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone過去將來含情態(tài)動詞wouldbedone情態(tài)動詞+be+donewillbebeingdone注意事項1.不及物動詞和不及物動詞短語，沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belongto,consistof...Eg：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownrecently.Eg:Afterthetrafficaccident,noonesurvivedexceptapersonwhowasbadlyinjured.注意事項2.一般說來，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，但許多“不及物動詞+副詞或介詞”構成的短語動詞，相當于及物動詞，也可以有被動語態(tài)，但變被動語態(tài)后，不可把介詞或副詞漏掉,eg:laughat,operateon,listento,lookafter,takecareof,thinkof,talkabout,handin,catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,turnon…Eg.:Mysisterwillbetakencareofbygrandma.Thepatientisbeingoperatedonnow.練：Heturnedontheradiojustnow.Theradiowasturnedonbyhimjustnow.注意事項3.如果復合賓語(賓語+賓語補足語)是由“賓語+省略to的不定式”構成，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，動詞不定式前的to要補出來。Eg:幫（help），1感（feel），2聽（hear,listento），3讓（let，have，make），5看（watch,see,lookat,notice,observe）Eg：Iobservedastrangerenterthebuildingjustnow.Astrangerwasobservedtoenterthebuildingjustnow.練：Tom’smothermadeTomcleanhisroombyhimself.Tomwasmadetocleanhisroombyhimself.注意事項4.含有雙賓語（直賓：物，間賓：人）的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動。以‘人’當主語時，變法和一般的變法一樣，以‘物’當主語時，在保留的間接賓語前加to或forEg.:Myunclegavemeapresent.Iwasgivenapresentbymyuncle.Apresentwasgiventomebymyuncle.什么時候用to，什么時候用for？1.give,show,lend,sell,tell,pass,bring,take,teach,offer,pay,promisesthtosb.2.buy,cook,make,find,keep,order,choose,paintsthfor

sb.注意事項5.還有以下情況，用主動語態(tài)表被動5.1有些動詞通常是及物動詞，但是當它們與常與副詞well,easily,badly,poorly,nicely,fast,smoothly,等連用表示主語內在品質或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表被動，這時不用被動語態(tài).Eg：sell(“銷售好)”read(好讀”)，write(“好寫”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，Eg:1)Theticketscosttoomuchandsoldbadly.2).Thepenwriteswell.

3).Canyoulendmeyourpen?Yourpenwritessmoothly.注意事項5.還有以下情況，用主動語態(tài)表被動5.1感觀系動詞eg：feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系動詞，用主動形式表達被動意義，主語是物。Eg:1.Theclothfeelssoft.這布料摸起來很軟。2.Hiscaketastesgood.他的蛋糕味道很好。3.Goodmedicinetastesbitter.

良藥苦口注意事項6.漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.

ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…據(jù)推測說……Itissupposedthat…Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.They’vebuiltakindofnewPCwithmorefunctions.AkindofnewPChasbeenbuiltwithmorefunctions.n.功能；作用vi.起作用；運轉主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的原則“三變”原句主語by的賓語賓語主語

謂語由主動被動n.電池vt.確認；使確信1.Ihavedownloadedthesoftwaretohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.2.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.3.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?Thesoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?4.Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?5.Hasanyonemadeacommentabouttheonlinedatabase?Hasthebuttonbeenpressedyettocopythefile?Hasa/anycommentbeenmadeabouttheonlinedatabase?n.文件,檔案DiscoveringUsefulStructures(P30)1.因...而改變2....的奇跡3.將...轉化為4.多功能新型PC5.下載軟件6.丟失身份證7.確認WiFi密碼8.按下按鈕9.復制文件10.發(fā)表關于...的評論11.在線數(shù)據(jù)庫onewPCwithmorefunctionsdownloadthesoftwareloseanidentitycardconfirmtheWiFipasswordpressthebuttoncopythefilemadeacommentaboutonlinedatebase綜合練習一、單句語法填空1.Thegovernmentwaspressed

(take)somemeasuresatonce.

2.Itissaidthatthelongtableusedtofunction

abedfortheman.

3.You’dbetterwriteanemail

(confirm)thenews.

4.Anewfil