過去分詞作狀語+獨(dú)立主格+with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

GrammarPastparticiple1.Ilikereadingthenovels_______(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl________(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_______(repair).4.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimself_________(hear),buthestillcouldn’tmakeus_______him.5.Ifoundthelittlegirl_________(cry)atthecorner.writtenwritingrepairedheardcryinghear6.Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse_________(paint)white.7.Therewasa_________(surprise)lookonhisface

whenhemeetthe_____(confuse)problem.8.Hewas_________atthe_________news.(excite)9.Thestorywasso________(move)thathewas_______(move)totears.paintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmovedexcitingconfusingThestolenbikebelongstoJack.Theglassisbroken.Maryheardhernamecalledbyastranger.1.作定語2.作表語4.作狀語3.作賓補(bǔ)過去分詞

Grammar

過去分詞作狀語1.Whenourfutureschoolisseen

fromthedistance,ourfutureschoollookslikeatower.

ourfutureschoolCombinethetwosentencesWhenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill，時間狀語可在過去分詞前加上連詞when,while,until等。Don’tspeak

untilyouarespokento.untilspokento.1.時間狀語2.BecauseShe

issurprisedattheschoolbag,sheturnsherheadbacktofindoutwhathappens.Surprised

attheschoolbag,sheturnsherheadbacktofindoutwhathappens.

Ourfutureschoolbag2.原因狀語Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords…Becausehewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened…3.IfIamgivenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.Givenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.

atimemachine3.條件狀語Ifweweregivenmoretime,

wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Givenmoretime…Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor.Heatedtoahightemperature…4.讓步狀語Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,

thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.Thoughwarnedofthestorm…Thoughhavingbeenwarnedofthestorm…EvenifI’minvited,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.Evenifinvited…5.方式、伴隨狀語Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,

andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherstoodthereand

wassurroundedbythestudents.Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.過去分詞作狀語表示_____的和/或______的動作,相當(dāng)一個狀語從句。過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意語態(tài)要一致。過去分詞作狀語

被動完成summary過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。_______fromupside,itlookslikealilywhichisinfullbloom(盛開）inthesea.如果句子的主語和分詞的邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系,用_______，句子的主語和分詞的邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，用_________?，F(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞易混辨析Seeingfromupside,youwillfindalilywhichisinfullbloom(盛開）inthesea.Seen

能力提升1Discussedmanytimes,

theproblemsweresettledatlast.Havingbeendiscussedmanytimes,theproblemsweresettledatlast.過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動沒太大區(qū)別，強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動作明顯先于謂語動作則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。______indeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.(lose)______inred,shelookspretty.(dress)______ofthesamefood,hewantstotrysomethingdifferent.(tire)【注意】有些過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，它們往往表主動。常見的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressedin（穿著）；tiredof（厭煩）;devotedto,buriedin。LostDressedTired能力提升2過去分詞做狀語注意事項：被動形式表主動意義的詞需要特別注意：一類是常見的表人的情感的動詞，如excite,surprise,amuse,interest,frighten,satisfy,disappoint,..._______athisson‘sexamresults,thefathersaidnothingbutaskedhimtoworkhardnexttime.Disappointed______sweet,theflowerattractedsomebees.(smell)Smelling能力提升3______fromhisaccent,hemustcomefromsouthernChina.Judged;B.Judging;TojudgeD.Judge(Judgingfrom/by…由…判斷）Provided/providing（that）…假如…Supposing….假設(shè)…Generallyspeaking,Tobehonest,Totellthetruth,2011天津卷______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated2011上海春招______in1955,DisneylandinCaliforniaisregardedbymanyastheoriginalfunpark.A.Opened B.Havingopened C.Opening D.Beingopened2009·天津

bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged2009·福建

nottomisstheflightat15∶20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.Reminding B.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded過去分詞做狀語特別注意事項：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞做狀語，一般它的邏輯主語是整個句子的主語，但有時它也可以有自己的獨(dú)立的邏輯主語，其實就是在分詞前面有名詞出現(xiàn)，這種情況叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格多數(shù)表伴隨。（with結(jié)構(gòu)是典型的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingerwascutbytheglass.Icleaningthewindow,myfingerwascutbytheglass.WhenIwascleaningthewindow,Isawaplaneflyby.Thegirlstoodthere,herhair____intheair.

flyThethiefwastakenintotheprison,withhishands___.tieInthedarkness,shefoundshewasfollowedbyastranger,hiseyes___onherwallet.

fixTheirhomework____,theboyswentouttoplay.

finishflyingtiedfixingfinished獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和

with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)一．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.概念:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（AbsoluteStructure）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個句子。它有以下三個特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號與主句分開，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。2.結(jié)構(gòu):名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞；

名詞(代詞)+形容詞；

名詞(代詞)+副詞；

名詞(代詞)+不定式；

名詞(代詞)+介詞短語構(gòu)成。3.作用：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等

。1．名詞或代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞

主動進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)。

Themanlaythere,hishands

trembling.

那個男子躺在那兒，雙手在顫抖。注意：有時，現(xiàn)在分詞being或havingbeen在獨(dú)立

主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。但在“being+過去分詞”，“therebeing＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，及代詞做主語

being不可省。

Theweather

(being)

fine,wedecidedtogoswimming.天氣晴朗，我們決定去游泳。

Therebeingnocauseforalarm,shewentbacktoherroom.

Theroom

beingpaintednow,wecan'tgothere.

2．名詞或代詞＋過去分詞過去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動完成的動作。

Allthings

considered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.各方面考慮起來，她的論文比你的論文更要有價值一些。3．名詞或代詞＋不定式（短語）

不定式表示將來的動作。

Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Mary

toprovide

thefood.

他建議去野餐，由瑪麗負(fù)責(zé)提供食物。

Timeispressing,twohours

togoonly.

時間緊迫，只剩兩個小時了。4．名詞或代詞＋形容詞（短語）

形容詞（短語）說明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。

Thefloor

wet,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.

地面很濕，我們只好在外面呆一會兒。Hismother(being)ill,hehadtostayathometolookafterher.5．名詞或代詞＋副詞

副詞也多是說明前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。

Themeetingover,weallwenthome.

會議結(jié)束了，我們都回家了。

7．名詞或代詞＋介詞短語

Theteachercamein,abook

inhishand.

老師進(jìn)來了，手里拿著一本書。注意：有時，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞前面的定語可以省略。Theboylaysilentlyonthegrass,(his)eyesclosed.Agirlwaswalkinginthestreet,(a)flower

in(her)hand.二．With和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:

with/without＋名詞／代詞＋分詞／不定式／形容詞／副詞／介詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或定語。（Ⅰ）with/without＋名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。

Icouldn'tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名詞／代詞+過去分詞。用過去分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。Inthereadingroom,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix

(Ⅲ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled(Ⅳ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.(Ⅴ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋副詞。__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(Ⅵ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋介詞短語。

1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.三．with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化（Ⅰ）with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語時，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句。（１）作時間狀語

Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

（２）作原因狀語

Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作條件狀語

Withtimepermitting,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we'llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴隨狀語

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

(Ⅱ)with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語修飾名詞。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.

A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere2._____,weallwenthomehappily.

GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid

3____,thehunterwentintotheforest.

A.AgunonshoulderB.Agunwasonhisshoulder

C.Gunonshoulder

D.Agunbeingonshoulder

鞏固練習(xí)4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn'tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，咱們常常對此感到頭疼。其實只要理解并掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點(diǎn)，做起題來會很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式后，做題時可分四步分析。

一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.TurnedCAACC二、分析邏輯主語

確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.2.______Sunday,Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing

AD三、分析語態(tài)

分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系。

1.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.

2._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashedBD看看獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其他句式的結(jié)合Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞invited并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在invited前加上助動詞were，則是一