國際貿(mào)易之國際貨物運(yùn)輸 全英版

AnswertoExercise2(p.179)Theinsurershouldcompensatetheinsuredforthelosses,ifany,withintheperiodofinsurancecover

againsttheinsurancepremium.Theaimofinsuranceistospreadriskssothatthelosses,whenincur,canbesharedbyallthatareinvolvedratherthantakenbythesufferedonly.Inmarinecargotransportinsurance,perilsfallintotwocategories,generalperilsoftheseaandextraneousrisks.AnswertoExercise2(p.179)Alladditionalriskscannotbecoveredindependentlybecausetheyshouldbeunderwrittendependingononeofthebasicrisks.Theconsignor

shallsubmittotheinsurancecompanythenoticeofabandonmentwhenconstructivetotallossneedstobecompensated.InternationalCargoTransportationInsurance

國際貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)TessaLiaoSEIT2015.05.19Introduction1ContentsPerils,lossesandexpensesinOceanTransportation2MarineInsuranceofCIC3InsurancepracticeinChina4Keywordsandexpressionsperilaveragecover(coverage)policyindemnifyconsignmentcalamityfortuitous=risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)=loss損失(v.)保險(xiǎn)，保到(n.)保單(v.)賠償托運(yùn)的貨物災(zāi)害偶然的、意外的DefinitionPartiestotheinsuranceBasicquestions§1Introduction1.1DefinitionInsuranceisapracticewherebytheinsurancecompany

undertakes,onthebaseofapremiumpaid,toindemnifytheinsuredonlossfromcertainrisksorperilstowhichthecargoinsuredmaybeexposedduringthecourseoftransportfromtheexportingcountrytotheimportingcountry.Itisanindispensable(不可或缺的)parttotheimportandexportpractice.2023/2/171.2PartiestotheinsuranceInsurer/Underwriter

保險(xiǎn)人/承保人

Thepartyundertakingtoindemnifytheinsurantagainstlossesordamages(Theinsurancecompany)Insured/insurant被保險(xiǎn)人/投保人

Thepartythatbuysinsurance(exporter/importer)Claimant

索賠人

Thepartywhosufferswilllodgeaclaim

againstthe

insurancepolicy.

Theclaimantmaynotnecessarilybetheinsurant.1.3BasicQuestionsWhatarethepossiblerisksthatmayarisefromthecourseofcargotransportation?Whatlossesandexpensesmayincurduetotherisks?WhatarethetypesofmarineinsuranceininternationaltradeaccordingtoChinaInsuranceClause?Whoisresponsibleforcoveringcargotransportationinsurance?2023/2/19Perilsofthesea海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Marineaverage海上損失Charges/expenses費(fèi)用Casestudy&exercise§2

Perils,lossesandexpenses

inOceanTransportationA.GeneralPerilsoftheSea海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(a).Naturalcalamities自然災(zāi)害causedbyforcemajure(不可抗力)includingheavyweather,lightening,tsunami,earthquake,volcaniceruption①惡劣氣候（如颶風(fēng)、大浪）；②雷電（如雷電引起的火災(zāi)）；③海嘯（如巨大波浪）；④地震；⑤火山爆發(fā)等人力不可抗拒的災(zāi)害。2.1Perilsofthesea海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(b).Fortuitousaccident意外事故resultingfromunexpectedcauses(非預(yù)料中的原因)includingfire(失火),explosion(爆炸),vesselbeingstranded(擱淺),strikingupontherocks(觸礁),missing(失蹤),etc..

B.Extraneousrisks外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(a).Generalextraneousrisks一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指被保險(xiǎn)貨物在運(yùn)輸途中由于遭受一般外來原因所造成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。pilferage偷竊,rain淡水雨淋,leakage滲漏,shortage短少,breakage破碎,heating受熱,dampness受潮,taintbyodor串味,hookingandrusting鉤損和生銹,etc.(b).Specialextraneousrisks特殊外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指由于軍事、政治、國家政策法令以及行政措施等特殊外來原因所造成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與損失。war,strike(罷工),etc.海上損失

全部損失

部分損失

實(shí)際全損

推定全損

單獨(dú)海損

共同海損

2.2Marineaverage海上損失A.Totalloss全部損失/全損指被保險(xiǎn)貨物遭受全部損失，按損失情況的不同，可分為actualtotalloss和constructivetotalloss.(a).Actualtotalloss

實(shí)際全損Thecompletelossoftheinsuredcargoinvalue.指被保險(xiǎn)貨物完全滅失或完全變質(zhì)，或者貨物實(shí)際上已不可能歸還被保險(xiǎn)人。Becomeanun-merchantablething.

例：我公司出口稻谷一批，因保險(xiǎn)事故被海水浸泡多時(shí)而喪失其原有價(jià)值，無法修復(fù)，這種損失屬于實(shí)際全損.Threeconditions:Whenthesubjectmatteristotallydestroyed.

被保險(xiǎn)貨物的實(shí)體已完全滅失;Whenthesubjectmatterissodamagedastoceasetobeathingofthekindinsured

被保險(xiǎn)貨物已喪失原有用途和價(jià)值;Whentheassuredisirretrievablydeprivedthereof.

被保險(xiǎn)貨物所有權(quán)的喪失已無可挽回。(b).Constructivetotalloss推定全損指貨物發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故以后，實(shí)際全損已不可避免，或?yàn)楸苊獍l(fā)生實(shí)際全損所需支付的費(fèi)用與繼續(xù)將貨物運(yùn)抵目的地的費(fèi)用之和超過保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值。Theinsuredshallsubmittotheinsurancecompanythenoticeofabandonment

(委付通知).Inthisway,theinsuredpassesallthetitletothegoodstotheinsurerwillingly,andappliestotheinsurerforcompensationaccordingtothetotalloss.例：有一批出口服裝，在海上運(yùn)輸途中，因船體觸礁導(dǎo)致服裝嚴(yán)重受浸，若將這批服裝漂洗后運(yùn)至原定目的港所花費(fèi)的費(fèi)用已超過服裝的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值，這種損失屬于推定全損。B.Partialloss

部分損失/分損指被保險(xiǎn)貨物的損失沒有達(dá)到全部損失的程度，其包括generalaverage和particularaverage兩種。(a).GeneralAverage（G.A）共同海損whenthewholeshipwasthreatenedbyaperiloftheseaorsomeotherhazardinordertosavetheshipandsomeofthecargo,partofthecargoorvesselhavetobesacrificedGeneralaveragecontribution共同海損分?jǐn)偅?/p>

Thoseinterestswhosepropertyweresavedmustcontributeproportionallytocoverthelossesoftheonewhosepropertywasvoluntarilysacrificed.

(b).Particularaverage（P.A）單獨(dú)海損Apartiallosssufferedbypartofthecargowhenastormorfiredamagespartoftheshipper’scargoandnooneelse’scargohastobesacrificedtosavethevoyage.由承保責(zé)任范圍內(nèi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所直接導(dǎo)致的船舶或貨物的部分損失該損失僅由各受損者單獨(dú)負(fù)擔(dān)。Generalaveragevs.Particularaverage比較項(xiàng)目單獨(dú)海損損失的內(nèi)容致?lián)p原因損失的承擔(dān)者共同海損受損者自己承擔(dān)除保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的外，還包括支出的特殊費(fèi)用受益各方根據(jù)獲救利益的大小按比例分?jǐn)偙ｋU(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物為解除或減輕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，人為地有意識地造成由所承保的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)直接導(dǎo)致船、貨受損海上損失

全部損失

部分損失

實(shí)際全損

推定全損

單獨(dú)海損

共同海損

WhatistheEnglishversionofthis?Insuranceindemnifiesnotonlythelossoforthedamagetotheinsuredgoods,butalsotheexpensesincurredfortherescueofinsuredcargo.其主要包括sueandlaborexpenses和salvagecharges兩類。2.3Chargesandexpenses費(fèi)用A.Sueandlaborexpenses

施救費(fèi)用ExtraordinaryexpendituresmadeintimeofperiltoavoidorminimizeanylossofordamagetothegoodsinsuredCarriedoutbytheinsuredorhisagent,hisemployees.保險(xiǎn)人對施救不論有無效果都賠償。B.SalvageCharges

救助費(fèi)用Expensesresultingfrommeasuresproperlytakenbyathirdpartyotherthantheinsured,theemployeeortheagent.依據(jù)國際上有關(guān)法律，被救方應(yīng)向救助的第三者支付的報(bào)酬。保險(xiǎn)人對救助采取“Nocure,nopay”

(無效果，無報(bào)酬)原則。Whatisthemarineinsurancetermforeachofthefollowinglosses?Fillinonlywiththreephrases:totallossparticularaveragegeneralaverage.1.Accidentaldamagetopartofcargo2.Allgoodslostwhenshipsank3.Cargopartiallydamagedincollision4.Allgoodsthrownoverboard2.4Exercise5.Somegoodsthrownoverboardtosaveship6.10%ofSugargumCo.’scargodamagedbywaterinhold(在貨艙內(nèi))7.100%offabricshipmentlostinshipfire8.30%ofpotterybrokenwhencartonsweredropped9.25%ofsheetmetalthrownoverboardtolightenship10.2%ofcannedfooddamagedbythehook一外貿(mào)公司出口貨物，從新港駛往新加坡，途中遇雷電起火，燃至船艙，引水撲滅，輪船主機(jī)被燒壞，輪船被拖至近港修理，問以下?lián)p失和費(fèi)用哪些是單獨(dú)海損？哪些是共同海損？

①1000箱貨被火燒；②600箱貨被水漬；③主機(jī)以及部分甲板被燒壞；④拖船費(fèi)；⑤額外支付的燃料、船員工資；⑥修理費(fèi)CaseStudyBasicinsurancecoverage基本險(xiǎn)別Additionalinsurancecoverage附加險(xiǎn)別W/WClause倉至倉條款§3

MarineInsuranceofCIC

CIC:ChinaInsuranceClause中國保險(xiǎn)條款UnderCIC,themarineinsuranceismainlyclassifiedintobasiccoverageandadditionalcoverage.A.FPA

(freefromparticularaverage)

平安險(xiǎn)B.WPA＆WA（WithParticularAverage）水漬險(xiǎn)C.AllRisks（AR）一切險(xiǎn)3.1BasicmarineinsurancecoverageGeneralperilsofthesea:A.FPA

(freefromparticularaverage)

平安險(xiǎn)onlyprovidecoveragefortotallossesandgeneralaverageemergingfromtheactual“marineperils”.其英文原意是：單獨(dú)海損不負(fù)責(zé)賠償，但實(shí)際是單純由自然災(zāi)害造成的部分損失不負(fù)責(zé)賠償，出現(xiàn)了名不符實(shí)。“1982年新協(xié)會貨物條款”（ICC）對名稱進(jìn)行了修改，用英文字母C代替，即ICC（C）險(xiǎn)。ThescopeofFPA1.被保險(xiǎn)的貨物在運(yùn)輸途中由于惡劣氣候、雷電、地震、洪水等自然災(zāi)害造成整批貨物的全部損失或推定全損。2.由于運(yùn)輸工具遭到擱淺、觸礁、沉沒、互撞，與流冰或其他物體碰撞以及失火、爆炸等意外事故所造成的貨物全部或部分損失。3.在運(yùn)輸工具已經(jīng)發(fā)生擱淺、觸礁、沉沒、焚毀等意外事故的情況下，貨物在此前后又在海上遭受惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯等自然災(zāi)害所造成的部分損失。4.在裝卸或轉(zhuǎn)船時(shí)由于一件或數(shù)件甚至整批貨物落海所造成的全部或部分損失。5.被保險(xiǎn)人對遭受承保責(zé)任內(nèi)的危險(xiǎn)貨物采取搶救、防止或減少貨損的措施所支付的合理費(fèi)用。B.WPA＆WA（WithParticularAverage）水漬險(xiǎn)Provideextensivecoveragainstalllossordamageduetomarineperilsthroughoutthedurationofthepolicy,includingpartiallossordamageattributedtonaturalcalamities.單獨(dú)海損負(fù)責(zé)賠償，其實(shí)其責(zé)任范圍是：平安險(xiǎn)+自然災(zāi)害造成的分損，同樣是名不符實(shí)。“1982年新協(xié)會貨物條款”將其名稱改為ICC（B）險(xiǎn)。C.AllRisks（AR）一切險(xiǎn)responsibleforalltotalorpartiallossof,ordamagetothegoodsinsuredeitherarisingfromseaperilsorgeneralexternalcauses.

其責(zé)任范圍是：水漬險(xiǎn)+11種一般附加險(xiǎn)三種基本險(xiǎn)中最廣泛的一種，因而適宜于價(jià)值較多，可遭受損失因素較多的貨物投保。外貿(mào)公司一般都投保一切險(xiǎn)。“1982年新協(xié)會貨物條款”將其名稱改為ICC（A）險(xiǎn)。A.Generaladditionalrisks

一般附加險(xiǎn)(11)B.Specialadditionalrisks

特殊附加險(xiǎn)(8)3.2AdditionalcoverageExtraneousrisks:A.Generaladditionalrisks

一般附加險(xiǎn)(1)Riskoftheft,

pilferageandnon-delivery

(TPND).

偷竊提貨不著險(xiǎn)(2)Riskoffreshwaterand/orraindamage

淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)(3)Riskofclashandbreakage

破損、破碎險(xiǎn)(4)Riskofleakage

滲漏險(xiǎn)(5)Riskofshortage

短量險(xiǎn)(6)Riskofintermixtureandcontamination

混雜、沾污險(xiǎn)(7)Riskoftaintofodor串味險(xiǎn)(8)Riskofsweatingandheating

受熱受潮險(xiǎn)(9)Riskofrust

銹損險(xiǎn)(10)Riskofbreakageofpacking

包裝破裂險(xiǎn)(11)

Hookdamage

鉤損險(xiǎn)B.Specialadditionalrisks

特殊附加險(xiǎn)Textbookp.169(1)Warrisk

戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)

僅限于水面危險(xiǎn)案例分析：某公司出口某貨物，投保一切險(xiǎn)加戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)，該船抵達(dá)目的港開始卸貨時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)生武裝沖突，部分船上貨物及部分已卸到岸上的貨物被毀。問：保險(xiǎn)公司如何賠償？(2)Strikerisk

罷工險(xiǎn)僅限于直接損失，對間接損失不負(fù)責(zé)如由于勞動力短缺或無法使用勞動力,致使堆放碼頭的貨物遭到雨淋日曬而受損、冷凍機(jī)因無燃料而中斷造成的被保險(xiǎn)貨物的損失不負(fù)責(zé)賠償。

(3)Failuretodeliveryrisk

交貨不到險(xiǎn)被保險(xiǎn)貨物從裝上船開始，6個(gè)月仍不能運(yùn)到原定目的地交貨，則不論何種原因，保險(xiǎn)公司均按全損賠付。

(4)Importdutyrisk

進(jìn)口關(guān)稅險(xiǎn)承保貨物已發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍內(nèi)的損失，但被保險(xiǎn)人仍需按貨物的完好狀態(tài)完稅而遭受的損失。(5)Ondeckrisk

艙面險(xiǎn)

(6)Rejectionrisk

拒收險(xiǎn)

(7)Aflatoxinrisk

黃曲霉毒素險(xiǎn)

(8)Fireriskextensionclause(FREC)

存?zhèn)}火險(xiǎn)責(zé)任擴(kuò)展條款

（HongKong&Macau）

基本險(xiǎn)附加險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn)水漬險(xiǎn)一切險(xiǎn)一般附加險(xiǎn)特殊附加險(xiǎn)CIC海運(yùn)險(xiǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)貨運(yùn)基本險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)期間??保險(xiǎn)公司承擔(dān)的保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任，從被保險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)離保單載明的起運(yùn)港（地）發(fā)貨人倉庫開始，一直到貨物到達(dá)保單載明的目的港（地）收貨人倉庫為止，一旦進(jìn)入收貨人倉庫，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任即告終止。但是，當(dāng)貨物從目的港卸離海輪時(shí)起算滿60天，不論保險(xiǎn)貨物有無進(jìn)入收貨人倉庫，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任均告終止。3.3WarehousetoWarehouseClause

W/W倉至倉條款Failuretodeliveryrisk

交貨不到險(xiǎn)ExportinsuranceImportinsuranceInsurancedocuments§4

InsurancePracticeinChinaWhoarrangeforinsurance?Itusuallydependsontheinsuranceclauseofthecontract,andtherelatedinternationalusualcustomsandpractices.

UnderCIF

andCIP

?

Underothertradeterms?2023/2/150(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)到岸價(jià)(CarriageandInsurancePaidto)運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)付至CIF&CIP由出口企業(yè)向當(dāng)?shù)乇ｋU(xiǎn)公司辦理投保手續(xù)。在辦理時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)出口合同或信用證規(guī)定，在備妥貨物，并確定裝運(yùn)日期和運(yùn)輸工具后，按規(guī)定格式逐筆填制保險(xiǎn)單，具體列明被保險(xiǎn)人名稱、保險(xiǎn)貨物項(xiàng)目、數(shù)量、包裝及標(biāo)志、保險(xiǎn)金額、起止地點(diǎn)、運(yùn)輸工具名稱、起止日期和投保險(xiǎn)別，繳納保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，并向保險(xiǎn)公司領(lǐng)取保險(xiǎn)單證。4.1Exportinsurance出口保險(xiǎn)FOB、CFR、CPT，均由買方辦理保險(xiǎn)。為了簡化投保手續(xù)和防止出現(xiàn)漏?；騺聿患稗k理投保等情況，我國進(jìn)口貨物一般采取預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)的做法。各外貿(mào)公司同中國人民保險(xiǎn)公司簽訂有海運(yùn)、空運(yùn)、郵運(yùn)、陸運(yùn)等不同運(yùn)輸方式的進(jìn)口預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)合同。按照預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)合同的規(guī)定，各外貿(mào)公司對每批進(jìn)口貨物，無需填制投