高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)二：主謂一致

語法復(fù)習(xí)二、主謂一致在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。(-)語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意:由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或whal從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.2、由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.注意:①若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有*with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4>either,neither,each,every或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.注意①在口語中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.5、在定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkhighard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：ClassFourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意:people,police,cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)十名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意:anumberof“許多”，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；thenumberof”…的數(shù)量”，主語是number,謂語用單數(shù)。8、在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：Therecomesthebus./Onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.（二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。如：Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如："TheArabianNights'"saninterestingstory-book.4、表數(shù)量的短語“oneandahalf"后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式（也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Oneandahalfapplesis（are）leftonthetable.5、算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ic.s結(jié)尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./1thinkphysicsisn7easytostudy.7atrousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the）pairof等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8、“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（三）就近一致原則：在英語句子中，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。

1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either...or,neither...nor,whether...ornotonly...butalso連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?2.therebe句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..注意Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。練習(xí)：主謂一致whoyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.C.areC.hasD.beD.haveA.amC.areC.hasD.beD.haveA.areB.isNeitherTomnorJackandIhisstudents.A.areB.amC.isD.wasMaryaswellashersistersChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.studyNeithermyfathernorIathome.A.amB.isC.areD.beNotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgoodpainters.,A.are;areB.am;amC.ani;areD.is;isEvery'boyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.likeOver8()percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.areThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveEverymeanstriedbutwithoutanyresult.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveA.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeenAlice,togetherwithtwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunishedTheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitoraskedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeingThegreatwriterandprofessor.

B.arebotholdmenD.weretwoChineseB.arebotholdmenD.weretwoChineseC.isanoldmanandayoungmanThereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.haveAlargenumberofstudentsinourclassgirls.A.areB.wasC.isD.beThenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildrosesA.docsn'tchangeB.don'tchangeC.changcTheArabianNightswellknowntotheEnglish.A.isB.areC.wasChairmanMao'sworkspublished.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasAchemicalworksbuiltthere._muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.D.changedD.wereD.isA.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.A.is;fourB.are;fburC.is;fiveD.are;five.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswhoelected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthatasked.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen24.Manyaman——cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are."Allpresentandallgoingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;arcC.are;isD.is;are.Thepolicethemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching.Yourtrousersdirty.Youmusthavewashed.A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them.Thispairoftrouseistoolongforhim.A.isB.beC.areD.were.Oneandahalfbananasleftonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.have3().Eighttimeseightsixty-four.A.isB.areC.getD.equal31.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemesofthemoneynmout.A.Three-fifth;hasB.Three-fifth;hasbeenC.Three-fifths;hasD.Three-fifths;haveThewholeclasstheteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islisteninghavefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhichmoredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereBetweenthetworowsoftreestheteachingbuilding.A.standB.standsC.standingD.areLargequantitiesofwaterforirrigation.A.isneededB.has-neededC.areneededD.needThattheywerewronginthesemattersnowcleartousall.A.isB.wasC.areD.allWhatweneedgoodtextbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasWhatyousaidjustnowthematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtodowithMorethanonememberagainsttheplan.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecidedHalfofthefruitbad.A.areB.hasC.isD.have43.eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is44.Mathematics_A.arethelanguageofscience.B.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe45.MyfamilyA.is_small.B.wereC.areD.makes46.Thefollowing.A.aresomeotherexamples.B.isC.wasD.were47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthismoreactive.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.are48.Bothriceandwheatgrowninthatcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.has49.Earlytobedandearlytorise_agoodhabit.A.areB.isC.wereD.wasToplaybasketballandtogoswimmingusefulforcharacter-training.A.wasB.isC.areD.wereEitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A