How to get themain idea 英語教學(xué) 課件

Howtogetthe

mainidea

?Themainideatellsaboutthesubject.Itisthemostimportantideathatthewriteristryingtostate.Youcanthinkofamainideaasbeinglikeatree.Thetreehasmanyparts–atrunk,branchesandleaves.Thesepartstogethermakethewholetree.Inthesamewaythedetailsadduptotellaboutthemainideaofthepassage.Leaves(Details)Branches(Paragraphs)Atrunk(Mainidea)Howtogetthemainideaofapassage?Skill1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Skill2

Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi--onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearanceSkill3

Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hu--rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“bait（引誘）andswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBeware（當(dāng)心）B.Closeout(出清存貨)SaleC.CrimePays

D.BuyingaTVSet

ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer,”hesaid.In1963,afterhisarmyservice,Shuenteredamedicalschool……ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.Shusaid.Skill4Skill5

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailTypesOfParagraphStructurestypeThepositionofthetopicAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceAtthebeginning&attheend

PassageB(NMET2003)

Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(讀寫能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).

TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.

LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.

Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram

PassageB(NMET2003)Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills(讀寫能力).Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence(自信心),accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals(ITA)inSaltLakeCity.Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren,withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs(READ).

TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea.“Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup,oftenhavelowerself-respect,andregardreadingasaheadache,”saidLisaMyron,managerofthechildren’sdepartment.

LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted“DogDayAfternoon”inthechildren’sdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda“pawgraphed”bookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.

Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram59.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?

A.Children’sreadingdifficulties.B.Advantagesofraisingdogs.C.Serviceinapubliclibrary.D.Aspecialreadingprogram.AttentionThetitleandthepicture

標(biāo)題：概括性、針對性、醒目性；2.Repeatedwords3.Neithernarrow(狹窄的)norbroad(寬泛的)短小精煉PartAUnderlinethetopicsentence

1

Insectscomeinmanysizes.Somearebigandsomearesmall.Thesmallestonesaresosmallthatittakesonehundredofthemtoformoneinch.Thebiggestinsectsarenotbig,buttheyareonethousandtimesasbigasthesmallest.Theyareaboutteninchesinlength!2

Oneofthemostimportantusesofgoldisformoney.Goldcanbeusedtomakerings,earrings,andotherthings.Goldisalsousedtomakegoldleaf,averyflatribbonofgoldthatisoftenusedonpictureframes.Cupsanddishescanalsobemadefromgold.Goldhasmanyuses.3Oneflowerhasathinstem(梗).Anumberofleavesareattheendofthestem.Inthemiddleoftheleavesareoneortwoverythinstalks,eachwithasmall,five3-pointedwhiteflower.Itiscalledastarflower.4

Peoplewholiveincountrieswithmanydoctorsandmodernhospitalsaretheworld’shealthiestpeople–right?Notnecessarily.Somegroupsofpeoplewhohavenodoctorsorhospitalsatallareamongtheworld’shealthiest.Forexample,peoplewholiveonsmall,farawayislandsgetveryfewdiseasesbecausetherearenooutsiderstobringingermsornewillness.5

Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsfailure.Somebelievethatfailureleadstosuccess.Everyfailuretheyexperiencetranslatesintoagreaterchanceattheirrenewedendeavor.However,asthewisesayinggoes,everycoinhastwosides.Otherpeopleholdtheoppositethatpeopleareeasilydiscouragedbyfailuresandputthemselvesintothecategoryoflosers.PartB閱讀下面的文段以及標(biāo)題A---D，給各文段選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。Manypeoplelikeanimalsandtakethemastheirpets.Nowadayspethospitalsareverybusy.Kindpeoplewholoveanimalsareneededtoworkinbusyanimalhospitals.Scientiststhinkthatpetswillprobablybemuchsmallerbecausepeopleinthefuturewillbelivinginmuchsmallerspaces.Scientistsarealreadyworkingonmakingverysmallfarmanimals.Thesamethingsmightbedonetomakesmallercatsanddogs.It’ssaidthatsomedayyoumightownapantherasapet.Scientistsmighthavetostartturningwildanimalsintopets.Thismightbetheonlywaytosavethemfromdyingout.Lotsofpeoplemisstheirpetswhiletheyareonholiday.OnehotelinMinnesotahassolvedthisproblem.Theylendcatstotheirguests.Manyexpertsbelievethisideawillbecomemoreandmorepopular.Itisverypossiblethatinthefutureyouwillbeabletoorderapet,aswellasroomservice,atahotel.A.PetHotelsB.SmallerPetsC.APantherforPetD.AssistantNeededinPetHospitalsD.AssistantNeededinPetHospitalsB.SmallerPetsC.APantherforPetA.PetHotelsPartCChoosethebestanswer.Beforebabieswalk,manyofthemlearnhowtoswimatchildren’scenters.TherearecentersforchildrenintheUnitedStates,Japan,Austria,Germany,England,andRussia.Theslogan（口號）inthesecentersis“Swimfirst,walklater.”

哪一幅圖畫A,B或C最能代表每段的中心思想意思。Peopleoftensay,“EvenwithoutsteppingoutofmyhouseIknowallthathasbeenhappeningintheworld.”Ithinkthatisquitetrue.Wegetallkindsofnewsfromnewspapers.Thishelpsustounderstandthedevelopingworld,withouthavingtogototheplaceswhereeventsareactuallytakingplace.Newspapersnotonlycarrynewsbutalsoteachusmanyusefulthings,suchasfirstaid,cooking,playingchess,howtotakegoodphotographsandenrichuswithcommonsense.Readinganewspapercanwidenourviewofknowledge.Ithelpsusimproveourwriting.Wecanalsolearnmanynewwordsfromnewspapers.Becauseofalltheseadvantages,Iliketoreadnewspapers.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Don’tStepOutofYourHouseB.WhyILiketoReadNewspaperC.JoinUsandReadNewspaperD.TheBestWaytoCarryNewsandLearnUsefulThingsFeatheryHomesDidyouknowthatthereisakindofbirdthatcansew?Thisbird,calledthetailorbird,usesitsbeakasaneedle.Itsewsleavestogetherintheshapeofacup.Thenitlinesthecupwithstrawandlaysitseggsthere.Eachspeciesbuildsitsownspecialkindofnest.Themostcommonmaterialsusedfornestsaregrasses,twigs,andfeathers.Abirdmustweavethesematerialsintoanest.Imaginebuildingahousewitho