工程造價(jià)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)

WelcomebacktoclassHappynewterm!Aboutourmajor:Allofyouarequiteluckytochooseawonderfulmajorbecauseofperfectjobprospects.Andallofyouareexcellentandsmart.Youwillhavemanygoodchoices,providedthatyouhaveenoughability.Wemustpaymoreattentiontobasiccoursesandspecializedcourses,whichareveryimportanttoyourcareer.Iwillbeprettyhappyifyouaskformyhelptosolveyourpuzzleinstudyandlife,justwritee-mailtome,ordirectlyphoneme.Introductionofthecourse:SpecialtyEnglishisabasiccoursewith

32classhours.Importance:theneedforparticipatinginoverseaproject,andfurthereducatingforpostgraduate(研究生）entrancereexamination（復(fù)試）.Objective:wecanreadandtranslatesomeEnglishspecialtyarticles,mastersomeusefulspecialtywordsandexpressions,writerelevantlettersforcommunicationandclaims(索賠),andsoon.Requirementsinclass:?Ihopallofyoutogetinvolvedinmyclassasmuchaspossible,insteadofjustbeingalistener.?Makepreparationforarticlesbeforeclass,especiallywritedownthenewwords.?Handinthehomeworktimelyandindependently?Askforleaveifyouneed.Studytasks:ConstructionIndustry建筑業(yè)ProjectDeliverySystems項(xiàng)目交付方式InternationalCompetitiveBidding國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性招標(biāo)Estimating，Budgeting，andcostcontrol工程估價(jià)和造價(jià)控制ConstructionContractManagement建設(shè)工程合同管理ConstructionClaims施工索賠Relatedreferencebooks:1.新英漢建筑工程詞典（第二版），夏行時(shí)，中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社，2008.42.工程項(xiàng)目管理（英文版），frederickE.Gould,NancyE.Joyce著，中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社，2008.13.建筑工程估價(jià)（第5版）影印版，清華大學(xué)出版社Testandgrade期末成績(jī)=平時(shí)成績(jī)*30%+考試成績(jī)*70%平時(shí)成績(jī)：課堂考勤：滿分40分，每次10分，缺勤不得分，請(qǐng)假附假條5分；課堂測(cè)試：滿分30分，每次15分作業(yè)：滿分30分，每次15分回答問題：根據(jù)情況加0-20分SpecialtyEnglishandCollegeEnglish

(專業(yè)英語(yǔ)與大學(xué)英語(yǔ))大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)聽、說、讀、寫重點(diǎn)在閱讀、翻譯和寫作介紹聽和說基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)階科技文獻(xiàn)的閱讀和翻譯日常應(yīng)用CET4和CET6聽、說、讀、寫詞匯、語(yǔ)法、句型Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry1

Theconstructionproject2Typesofconstructionprojects3Lesson1ConstructionIndustryReadingmaterials4Professionalorganization51.Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry

paradox自相矛盾的人或事shareof...份額hundredsofthousands成千上萬(wàn)的grossnationalproduct國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值(GNP)grossdomesticproduct國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)inthebesttraditionsof遵守freeenterprisesystem自由企業(yè)制度trivial不重要的，瑣碎的，微不足道的1.Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry

commonto共同的manufacturing制造業(yè)physicalproduct實(shí)體產(chǎn)品mind-boggling令人難以置信的，令人驚異的size規(guī)模inotherways在其他方面transportation運(yùn)輸，交通petroleum石油mining采礦1.Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry

accumulate積累，堆積significantamount大量，巨數(shù)comparativefinancialsurvey比較財(cái)務(wù)調(diào)查Forbes福布斯fortune財(cái)富sales銷售額cumulativeannualcontractawards每年累計(jì)的合同額revenue收入，收益asset資產(chǎn)capitalfacilities建設(shè)資金1.Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry

sheer絕對(duì)的，完全的fragmented零碎的，分散的divisive引起紛爭(zhēng)(或分歧)的inresponseto響應(yīng)press懇求，請(qǐng)求；堅(jiān)持；強(qiáng)調(diào)nationalneeds政府職能需要majorwareffort大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)fittogether組合1.Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry

generalperspective通用觀點(diǎn)，通用方法centralfocus中心焦點(diǎn)anotherdimension考慮進(jìn)去considerable相當(dāng)大的governmentregulatoryagency政府管理機(jī)構(gòu)

fairtrade公平貿(mào)易employmentpractices雇傭慣例1.Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry

custom-oriented定制導(dǎo)向的massproduction大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，大批量生產(chǎn)layered分層的interlocking相互關(guān)聯(lián)的ineffective無(wú)效fallingointo進(jìn)入lesspractical較少實(shí)用性speculative純理論的，非實(shí)用性的electronic電子的，電子學(xué)的1.Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry

quantumleap巨大突破，量子躍遷programmaticactivity規(guī)劃性活動(dòng)

incentive激勵(lì)，動(dòng)機(jī)advance發(fā)展，進(jìn)步secrecy秘密seasonality季節(jié)性chronic長(zhǎng)期的amplifiedreaction放大效應(yīng)localizedrecession地區(qū)性的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退manipulation操縱fiscal財(cái)政的1.Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry

Thereisoftentoomuchworkinsomeregionsatthesametimethatothers

aresufferinglocalizedrecessions.通常在一些地區(qū)許多項(xiàng)目正在建設(shè)而同一時(shí)間其他地區(qū)正在經(jīng)歷地區(qū)性的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。1.Thenatureoftheconstructionindustry

Majorproblemsrecurinfundingbothlargeandsmallprojects，andthesedifficultiescanbeaggravatedbygovernmentcompetitionforandmanipulationofthefinitefundsthatareavailable.主要問題重現(xiàn)在大型項(xiàng)目和小型項(xiàng)目的融資問題上，并且政府部門對(duì)有限資金的爭(zhēng)奪和人為操縱，使融資更加艱難（建筑業(yè)雪上加霜）。2.TheconstructionProject

intricate復(fù)雜的，錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的initialplanning初步設(shè)計(jì)projectcompletion項(xiàng)目完成，項(xiàng)目竣工disparate不同的，不相干的financialorganization金融機(jī)構(gòu)governmentalagency政府機(jī)構(gòu)insuranceandsuretycompanies保險(xiǎn)和擔(dān)保公司buildingtradesman建筑工匠contractor承包人2.TheconstructionProject

proportion比例，部分involve包含，牽涉literally1.照字義地，照著原文；逐字地2.實(shí)際地，實(shí)在地，確實(shí)地，準(zhǔn)確地，不加夸張地assemblyprocess裝配過程，建造過程naturalorder自然順序restrictive限制的，約束的segment部分initsspecifics細(xì)節(jié)，特性tailoredto定制的，使配合，使適應(yīng)2.TheconstructionProject

taste品味preference偏好constructionsite建筑工地，施工場(chǎng)地utilitarian1.有用的，實(shí)用的2.功利的，實(shí)利的，注重實(shí)用的，功利主義的；實(shí)利主義的variation變化variable可變的，易變的unpredictable不可預(yù)知的，出人意料的subcontractor分包商materialdealer材料經(jīng)銷商2.TheconstructionProject

complexity復(fù)雜性complexities難題subsoilcondition地基條件surfacetopography地貌utilitiesandservices公益事業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施laborcondition勞動(dòng)條件innate固有的，與生具有的typified代表，具有的特點(diǎn)factory-made工廠定做的modular模塊化的assembly-line裝配線productuniformity統(tǒng)一產(chǎn)品2.TheconstructionProject

Asaconsequenceofthesecircumstances，constructionprojectsare

typifiedbytheircomplexityanddiversityandbythenonstandardizednatureoftheirproduction.由于這些環(huán)境的不同，建設(shè)項(xiàng)目具有復(fù)雜多樣性和生產(chǎn)非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的特點(diǎn)。2.TheconstructionProject

Theuseoffactory-mademodularunitsmaydiminishthisindividualitysomewhat，butitisunlikelythatfieldconstructionwilleverbeabletoadaptitselfcompletelytothestandardizedmethodsandproductuniformityofassembly-lineproduction.工廠化模塊單元的使用可以稍微減少這種個(gè)體性，但是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工不可能完全適應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化方法和流水線生產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一產(chǎn)品。2.TheconstructionProject

Aplanninganddefinition項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)和定義delineate描述budgetaryconstraint預(yù)算限制，預(yù)算限額broad主要的；總的，一般的；概括的，概括性的，綜合性的，performancecriteria性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)configuration構(gòu)造layout布局conceptualplanning概念性設(shè)計(jì)

stopshortof缺乏，未達(dá)到detaileddesign詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)2.TheconstructionProject

Projectdefinitioninvolvesestablishingbroadprojectcharacteristics

suchaslocation，performancecriteria，size，configuration，layout，equipment，services，andotherownerrequirementsneededtoestablishthegeneralaspectsoftheproject。項(xiàng)目定義包括確定主要項(xiàng)目特征，如位置，功能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)模，構(gòu)造，布局，設(shè)備，服務(wù)以及制定項(xiàng)目通用特性的其他業(yè)主的要求。2.TheconstructionProject

B.Design設(shè)計(jì)ProjectdefinitioninvolvesestablishingbroadprojectArchitecturaldesign建筑設(shè)計(jì)Engineeringdesign工程設(shè)計(jì)culminate使結(jié)束；完成

constructionprogram施工程序2.TheconstructionProject

workingdrawing設(shè)計(jì)圖，施工圖specification說明書,設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范procurement采購(gòu)Inpractice，thedesign，procurement，andconstructionoftenoverlap，withprocurementandconstructionproceedingasvariousstagesofthedesignarecompletedanddrawingsandspecificationsbecomeavailable.事實(shí)上，設(shè)計(jì)，采購(gòu)和施工通常搭接進(jìn)行。采購(gòu)和施工過程隨著不同階段設(shè)計(jì)工作的完成，可以獲得施工圖紙和設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范。2.TheconstructionProject

C.Procurementandconstruction采購(gòu)和施工order訂貨expedite催貨deliver交付deliveryperiod交貨期handle處理，運(yùn)用putintoplace投入，存入manpower人力supervision監(jiān)督，管理3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

intersect橫穿；貫穿；和…相交；和…交叉humanendeavor人們努力diversity多樣性interactwith與…打交道closely密切地medicalprofessional醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員philosophyandpractice基本理論和實(shí)踐takeshape(開始)成形；形成，體現(xiàn)educational教育的，教育性的，起教育作用的；傳授知識(shí)的3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

intersect橫穿；貫穿；和…相交；和…交叉Educationalphilosophiesandpracticestakeshapeinthearchitectureofschoolsandcolleges，whilegovernmentsandcorporationsexpresstheir“imagines”withstructuresthathousetheirofficesandproductionfacilities.教育的基本理論和實(shí)踐形成于建筑學(xué)校和學(xué)院，而政府和公司對(duì)提供的辦公場(chǎng)所和滿足生產(chǎn)的設(shè)施表達(dá)他們的“設(shè)想”。3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

refinery冶煉廠powerplant發(fā)電廠utilities公用事業(yè)公司dam大壩tunnel隧道geologist地質(zhì)學(xué)家ecologist生態(tài)學(xué)家sociologist社會(huì)學(xué)家intimately密切地frustrate抵制；破壞；抵消；取消3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

spectrum范圍exception例外，異議transcend勝過，超越outnumber數(shù)目超過boundary邊界，范圍，界限r(nóng)ecognizable可辨別的arbitrary任意的，武斷的inlargemeasure在很大程度上3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

residentialconstruction住宅建設(shè)single-familyhome單一家庭住宅multiunit復(fù)合的，多單元的townhouses城市住宅，市內(nèi)住宅(區(qū)別于同一主人的鄉(xiāng)村住宅)gardenapartments花園公寓high-riseapartments高層公寓condominiums個(gè)人購(gòu)置的公寓中的套間，(公寓中的)一套私人住房incorporatedas合并multipurpose多種用途的

3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

Sentences1:whichrefersto?condominiumsThelatter,inparticular,aretechnologicallylesscloselyrelatedtoresidencesthantothefollowingdescriptionofnonresidentialbuildingconstructionandaresometimesincorporatedaspartofmultipurposecommercialdevelopments.尤其是后者對(duì)相關(guān)住宅技術(shù)的密切程度小于以下陳述的非住宅建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，并且有時(shí)作為多用途商業(yè)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目。

陳述，說明3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

commercialdevelopments商業(yè)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目development住宅小區(qū)（專指由同一開發(fā)商開發(fā)的）accountfor共計(jì)達(dá)；(在數(shù)量、比例上)占

privatesector私營(yíng)部門constructionexpenditure基建支出

governmentalregulation政府法規(guī)fiscalpolicy財(cái)政政策3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

Sentence2：

Thereareafewverylargefirms，butasarulethelowcapitalandtechnologyrequirementsinthissectoroftheindustrymeanthatitischaracterizedbylargenumbersofverysmallfirms.Note:becharacterizedby具有…的特性；以…為特征住宅建設(shè)項(xiàng)目中有許多大型的公司，但是一般說來(lái)，行業(yè)對(duì)技術(shù)和資本的要求較低，行業(yè)中以大量小型企業(yè)為特征。

3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

demandinstability需求不穩(wěn)定homedesigner家裝設(shè)計(jì)師independentcontractor獨(dú)立的承包商developer-builder開發(fā)者-建造者field-labor-intensive施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)密集型onsite就地的fabrication建造installation安裝dwellingunit居住單元,住宅單元industrialization工業(yè)化massproduction大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)modular模塊化的3.typesofconstructionprojects建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的類型

Sentence3：

Whetherinsingleunitsorinlargedevelopments，traditionalconstructionhasbeenfield-labor-intensive，withonsitehandfabricationandinstallationofliterallythousandsofpiecesperdwellingunit.

不管在單一的住房單元還是在大型住宅小區(qū)中，傳統(tǒng)施工是勞動(dòng)密集型的，在施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)每個(gè)住房單元不加夸張地包含許多就地手工建造和安裝的部分3.typesofconstructionprojects–buildingconstruction

buildingconstruction房屋建筑，土木建筑redevelopmentcomplexes再開發(fā)綜合體commercialofficetower商業(yè)辦公塔樓governmentbuilding政府大樓recreationcenter娛樂中心lightmanufacturingplants輕工業(yè)制造工廠warehouse倉(cāng)庫(kù)institutional制度上的，社會(huì)公共機(jī)構(gòu)的；慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的labor-and-materials-intensive勞動(dòng)和材料密集型

economically經(jīng)濟(jì)地，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上subsystem輔助系統(tǒng)，分系統(tǒng)，次要系統(tǒng)mechanical機(jī)械的substantial大量的subcontract轉(zhuǎn)包，分包in-depth徹底的，深入的officespace辦公地點(diǎn)3.typesofconstructionprojects–buildingconstruction

Sentence4:Constructionisusuallycoordinatedbygeneralcontractorsorconstructionmanagers，who，inturn，subcontractsubstantialportionsoftheworktospecialtyfirms.

施工通?？偝邪袒蚴┕そ?jīng)理協(xié)調(diào)，他們依次把大部分工作分包給專業(yè)公司。3.typesofconstructionprojects–buildingconstruction

heavyengineeringconstruction重型工程建設(shè)hydroelectricpower水利發(fā)電floodcontrol防洪irrigation灌溉f(wàn)ootpath人行道landmark標(biāo)志性建筑spanning橫跨GoldenGate金門大橋interstate州際的urbanrapidtransitsystem城市快速交通系統(tǒng)opensea遠(yuǎn)海pipeline管道3.typesofconstructionprojects–heavyengineeringconstruction

watertreatment水處理distribution配送，分配sewageandstormwatercollection污水和雨水采集

treatmentanddisposal處理和清理powerlines輸電線communicationnetwork通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)domain(思想、知識(shí)、活動(dòng)等的)范圍，領(lǐng)域，方面civilengineer土木工程師discipline學(xué)科；科目；學(xué)問equipment-intensive機(jī)械設(shè)備密集型3.typesofconstructionprojects–heavyengineeringconstruction

fleetsof(統(tǒng)一指揮下的或一起行動(dòng)的)船隊(duì)，卡車隊(duì)，公共汽車隊(duì)，機(jī)群earthmover推土機(jī)crane起重機(jī)basicmaterial基本材料concrete混凝土timber木材undercontract根據(jù)合同geology地質(zhì)學(xué)3.typesofconstructionprojects–heavyengineeringconstruction

Sentence5:Anothermajordistinctionisthatmany，ifnotmost，heavyconstructionprojectsarepubliclyfinanced，andthisfactinturnlimitsthealternativecontractualarrangementsinthissector.Note:publiclyfinanced公共籌資arrangement(解決問題的)辦法，約定，非正式協(xié)議另一個(gè)主要的區(qū)別是許多（如果不是所有的）重型建設(shè)項(xiàng)目是公共融資的，并且這個(gè)事實(shí)反過來(lái)限制本部分使用可替代的合同協(xié)議。3.typesofconstructionprojects–heavyengineeringconstruction

industrialconstruction工業(yè)建筑represent相當(dāng)于，代表petroleumrefinery煉油廠petrochemicalplant石油化工廠syntheticfuelplant合成燃料工廠fossilfuelandnuclearpowerplant石化燃料和核電站minedevelopment礦石開挖smelter冶金廠

steelmill鋼鐵廠aluminumplants鋁廠3.typesofconstructionprojects–industrialconstruction

Sentence6：Bothdesignandconstructionrequirethehighestlevelsofengineeringexpertise，fromnotonlycivil，butalsochemical，electrical，mechanical，andotherdisciplines,andtypicallyallphasesoftheprojectarehandledbythesamefirmonanegotiateddesign-constructor“turnkey”contractualarrangement，withconsiderableoverlapbetweendesign，procurement，andconstruction.anegotiateddesign-construct協(xié)商的設(shè)計(jì)-建造合同方式“turnkey”contractualarrangement交鑰匙合同方式設(shè)計(jì)和施工需要最高水平的設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不僅土木工程方面，而且在化工，電氣，機(jī)械和其他學(xué)科方面，并且典型地項(xiàng)目所有階段的工作由同一家公司根據(jù)談判的設(shè)計(jì)-建造或交鑰匙合同方式負(fù)責(zé)，交鑰匙方式中設(shè)計(jì)，采購(gòu)和施工之間有相當(dāng)多的搭接。3.typesofconstructionprojects–industrialconstruction

Sentence7：

Thedesign-constructorsmustbeintimatelyfamiliarwiththetechnologyandoperationsofthefacilityfromtheowner‘spointofview，andoftentheyholdsomeofkeypatentsforadvancedprocesstechnologies