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Directspeech直接引語
Reportedspeech間接引語.直接引述別人的話,要加引號(hào)用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,不用引號(hào)
直接引語變間接引語,即變?yōu)橘e語從句主要需要注意以下五點(diǎn):1.賓語從句必須用陳述語序。2.主句時(shí)態(tài)決定從句時(shí)態(tài):如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可以用任何時(shí)態(tài)(原題給的啥時(shí)態(tài)就用啥時(shí)態(tài));如果主句為一般過去式,從句必須要用所給時(shí)態(tài)的對應(yīng)的過去式。3.引導(dǎo)詞。4.人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換。5.時(shí)間狀語的轉(zhuǎn)換。1.陳述句直接引語如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),用連詞that引導(dǎo)(that在口語中常省略)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
Hesaid,“I‘mafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Hesaid,“I'meatinganapple.”
一般將來時(shí)
Tomsaidtome“I’llgotoShanghainextweek”一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去將來時(shí)→Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn‘tfinishthatwork.→
Hesaidthathewaseatinganapple.
TomtoldmethathewouldgotoShanghaithenextweek.
2.直接引語如果是疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),要把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。
1)一般疑問句。用whether或if引導(dǎo)。主句中的動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)改為asked,沒有間接賓語的,可以加一個(gè)間接賓語。
Eg.He
said,
“Are
you
a
student?”Eg.“Are
you
sorry
for
what
you
have
done?”the
mother
asked
the
boy.He
askedme
whether
I
was
a
student.
The
mother
asked
the
boy
if
he
was
sorry
for
what
he
had
done.
The
father
asked
his
son
where
he
was
going.
2)特殊疑問句。仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。Eg.“Where
are
you
going?”
the
father
asked
his
son.Eg.Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboy,“Wheredoyoulive?”3.祈使句。句型:tell/ask/ordersb(not)todosthEg.“Write
your
names
on
your
papers
first,”
theteacher
said
to
us.Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived.The
teacher
told
us
to
write
our
names
on
our
papers
first.直接引語變間接引語,狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律,時(shí)間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”。(例:now變?yōu)閠hen,
yesterday變?yōu)?/p>
the
day
before,today變?yōu)閠hatdayHesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地點(diǎn)狀語,尤其表示方向性的,
here變there
Theteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”
→TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代詞修飾的狀語,由“此”改為“彼”
例:this
改為thatHe
said,
"This
books
is
mine.“
→He
said
that
book
was
his.thisthatthesethosenowthenthatdaytodayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek(month,year)thenextweek(month,year)heretherecomegothisweekthatweek如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),直接引語變間接引語時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesays,“I’mnotgoodatmath.”Hesaysthathe’snotgoodatmath.1.“You
should
be
more
careful
next
time,”
his
father
said
to
him.2.Mr.Wang
said,“I
will
leave
for
Shanghai
on
business
next
month.”3.She
said
to
him,
“It’s
time
that
you
left
here.”His
father
told
him
that
he
should
be
more
careful
the
next
time.
Mr.
Wang
said
that
he
would
leave
for
Shanghai
on
business
the
next
month.She
told
him
that
it
was
time
that
he
left
there.
練習(xí)注:
(1)如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述today,yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語也不必改變。
(2)如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here不必改為there,動(dòng)詞come不必改為go.(3)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)述客觀真理時(shí),直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。如:
Hesaid,"Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound."
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(4)為了表示引述的狀態(tài)和情況到現(xiàn)在仍然是事實(shí)時(shí),也經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Myteachersaid,“Tomisagoodstudent.”MyteachersaidTomisagoodstudent.
練一練1.Shesaid,“IoftengotothebeachonSunday.”Shesaid________________________tothebeach…2.Hesaidtome,“Areyoulearningdancing?”He_____me___________________learningdancing.3.MrZhangsaid,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”MrZhangsaid_____light______fasterthansound.4.“WheredoesLindacomefrom?”sheasked.Sheasked__________________from.5.Ourteachersaidtous,“Cometoschoolearly.”O(jiān)urteacher______us____________toschoolearly.thatsheoftenwentaskedifIwasthattravelswhereLindacametoldtocome練一練6.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?→Couldyoutellus_____Mr.Brown_______livinginChina?
7."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.→Heaskedme______thegirl_________somehelp.
8.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.9.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.→LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.10..Howdoeshegetonwithhisnewclassmates?Couldyoutellme?→
Couldyoutellmehow___________onwith______newclassmates?
ifenjoysifneededwhenleavesifcamehegetshis相信你能行1.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.2.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are3.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
4.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
5.Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkB.wheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksD.whereyoursisterworked
6.Hesaid____therewasgoingtobeameetingthatevening.A.whatB.ifC.thatD.how7.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhoseA.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtakeACBCDCC自我測試1.Idon'tknow______thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.whetherhe'llcomeD.ifhecomes
2.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where3.Tomaskedmyfriend________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry4.Letmetellyou____
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