初三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)案-賓語(yǔ)從句

教育機(jī)構(gòu)一對(duì)一初三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一賓語(yǔ)從句直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)就是將引語(yǔ)部分寫成賓語(yǔ)從句或動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn):人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。句型變化:（注意引導(dǎo)詞）直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)述陳述句用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)詞意，可省略轉(zhuǎn)述一般疑問(wèn)句用if\whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，意思是“ "。（從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序）轉(zhuǎn)述特殊疑問(wèn)句用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序）轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句用句型asksb(not)todosthtellsb(not)todosthB.時(shí)態(tài)變化：時(shí)態(tài)前推法直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（或不變）過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用其所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。2、主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)。3、若從句為客觀理論、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時(shí)，不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。C.人稱變化：如果直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱是轉(zhuǎn)述人本身，必須改為與轉(zhuǎn)述人一致的人稱代詞?！耙浑S主，二隨賓，三不變”Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”(Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.)HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”(HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.)Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”(Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker)D.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)變化：D.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)變化：1.now—thenyesterday—thedaybefore2.thisyear一thatyearlastweek—theweekbefore5.threedaysago—threedaysbefore6.tomorrow—thenextday7.nextweek—theweekafter8.today—thatday9.ago—before 10.lastnight—thenightbeforell.thedaybeforeyesterday—twodaysbeforeE.其它：this—that,these—those,here—there,come—go.Bring—take（注意：表中這些情況，要根據(jù)具體情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there,come也不必改為）F.注意陳述句語(yǔ)序即學(xué)即練一、把直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)?！癉idyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.Sheasked,“AreyoufromHubei?”Sheasked Hubei.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.Shesaidtome,“Don,trideinthestreet.”Shemeinthestreet.“IwillgotoAmericanextyear,”hesaidtome.HemegotoAmericanextyear.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthatnevermeat.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthatithomewithher.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.Hemethathemethertheday.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthatheboughtthehouse10years.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”HeJimthathesitthereHeasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”第2頁(yè)共11頁(yè)

Heaskedhermotherfoundit.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heaskedknewwhereshe.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.Hethechildrenmakingsomuchnoise.“Don,ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldmehimthenews.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.HeIwasinterestedin.二、單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1.CatherinesaidthatshetoGuangzhou.A.hasnevergone B.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeen D.hadneverbeen( )2.Thestudentswanttoknowwhethertheydictationtoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are( )3.SheaskedLindaifgoandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay( )4.Lindasaidthemoonroundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled( )5.Idon'tknowhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when)6.Doyouknowtheylistenedtoyesterdayevening?DhowBwheredidyoursisterworkDhowBwheredidyoursisterworkDwhereyoursisterworkedA.wheredoesyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworks)8.SheaskedmeifIknewA.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit( )9.Youmustremember.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid( )10.Couldyoutellme?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijing B.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijing D.whendidtheyleaveBeijing完成句子第3頁(yè)共11頁(yè).那個(gè)女孩想知道他經(jīng)常會(huì)談些什么？Thegirlwantedtoknowheoften..告訴我那些小孩是否在玩電腦游戲。Tellmethechildrencomputergames..杰克不知道為什么老是叫他去辦公室。Jackdidn'tknowhisteacherhimtotheoffice..我認(rèn)為學(xué)游泳一點(diǎn)也不難。Iit'slearntoswim..你能告訴我這是誰(shuí)的自行車嗎？Couldyoupleasetellme ?賓語(yǔ)從句概念：在復(fù)合句中作主句及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。它一般是由從屬連詞，連接代詞或連接副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。它可以作動(dòng)詞，介詞或某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。句型：主句+連詞+賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)，連接賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞有that（that在口語(yǔ)中常省略）。whether，if，和連接代詞what， which， who， whom及連接副詞when，where，how，why。引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞的作用例句that本身無(wú)意義，只起連接作用，口語(yǔ)中可省略Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.What,which,who,whose,whom等連接代詞在從句中做一定的成分,如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等Idon'tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.Heaskedmewhosethebookwas.when,where,why,who等連接副詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?if/whether意為“是否”，不做句子成分，但不能省略HeaskedmeifMissZhengwasateacher.eg：Heknew（that）heshouldstudyhard.他知道他應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein？您能告訴我，您在哪一班嗎？Heaskedmeifhecouldcomein，他問(wèn)我他是否能進(jìn)來(lái)。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題1）時(shí)態(tài)的一致（主句的時(shí)態(tài)與從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致）第4頁(yè)共11頁(yè)a.賓語(yǔ)從句中如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。Iknowheliveshere.我知道他住在這兒。Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.我知道他十年前住在這兒。Ihaveheardthathewillcome.我已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)他要來(lái)了。b.賓語(yǔ)從句中如果主句是過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。IknowwhoHuesh巳r巳.找知道誰(shuí)住在這兒◎（現(xiàn)在時(shí)）Iknowwholivedhere.我知道誰(shuí)住過(guò)這兒◎聲時(shí)）Everydayheasksusifevetybodyishere.（現(xiàn)去時(shí)）每天他都問(wèn)我們是否所有的人都出席了。Heaskedusifevetybodywashere.他問(wèn)我們是否所有的人都出席了。Hehassaidthathehasseenit.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）他說(shuō)過(guò)他已經(jīng)看了口Hesaidthathehadseenit.他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)看了口2）語(yǔ)序的變化a?陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變。陳述句：Heisanhonestman.他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。賓語(yǔ)從句：Isaidhewasanhonestman.（連詞that可?。┪艺f(shuō)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。陳述句：We'llWin.我們會(huì)贏。賓語(yǔ)從句：Webelievewe'llwin.我們相信我們會(huì)贏。b.一般疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，用whether，if連接。一般疑問(wèn)句：Doeshestudyhard？他學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)真嗎？賓語(yǔ)從句：Iwonderif（whether）hestudieshard.我不知道他是否認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。一般疑問(wèn)句：Willtheywin？他們會(huì)贏嗎?賓語(yǔ)從句：Iaskedif（whether）theywouldwin.我問(wèn)他們是否會(huì)贏。c.特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，用連接代詞或副詞（即保留原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞）。特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whoishe？他是誰(shuí)？賓語(yǔ)從句：Doyouknowwhoheis？你知道他是誰(shuí)嗎？特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whatdoeshewant？他要什么？賓語(yǔ)從句：Idon'tknowwhathewants.我不知道他要什么。注意第5頁(yè)共11頁(yè)Whowentthere?(特殊疑問(wèn)句)誰(shuí)去那里呢？Iwonderwhowentthere.(賓語(yǔ)從句)我不知道誰(shuí)去那里。因?yàn)槭菍?duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，所以特殊疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序不變。變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，語(yǔ)序依然不變。特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whendidheleave？他何時(shí)離開(kāi)的？賓語(yǔ)從句：Iknowwhenheleft.我知道他是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)的。特殊疑問(wèn)句：Wherewillhearrive？他將會(huì)到哪里呢？賓語(yǔ)從句：Heaskedmewherehewouldarrive.他問(wèn)我他將會(huì)到哪里。基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1.Willyoupleasetellme?A.wherePudongAirportis B.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt( )2.It,snotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland.A.howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB.whattheweatherislikeC.whatyourcitylookslike D.howoldareyou( )3.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,I,llletyouknow.A.willcome;willcome B.comes;comesC.willcome;comes D.comes;willcome( )4.Ican,tsayIwanttoseehimagain.Wehaven,tseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears.A.howlongB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howmuch( )5.Mr.GreentoldmethatheonatripnextSunday.A.aregoingB.wasgoingC.willgo D.wouldgoing( )6.Nobodyknowshe’llcomeornot.A.that B.if C./ D.whether( )7.---Couldyoutellme?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.---Sorry.I,venoidea.Butheherejustnow.A.whereTimwas;was B.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;was D.whereTimis;is( )8.---DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?---Yes.ShewantedtoknowthisSunday.whoyouwouldgoshoppingifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherthatyouwillgoshoppingwhenwillyougoshoppingwithher( )9.---Doyouknow?---Nextweek.whentheteachercamebackwhendidtheteachercomebackwhenwilltheteachercomebackwhentheteacherwillcomeback( )10.---Whatdidtheteachersaybeforetheclasswasover,Julia?---Heaskedus.ifwehadanymorequestionswhatlessonwouldwehavenextwhywouldweprefertostayinside第6頁(yè)共11頁(yè)whetherwehavehandedinourpapers( )11.---Doyouknowthemanwithsunglassesis?---I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.what C.whereD.how( )12.Canyoutellusyougrowcottoninyourcountry?A.that B.whetherC.whichD.whose( )13.Couldyoupleasetellmethemeetingwillbegin?A.whatB.whetherC.when D.where( )14.---Whocantellusaboutoverthere?---Wecan,thearclearly.A.whattheytalk B.whatdotheytalkC.whataretheytalking D.whattheyaretalking( )15.---DoyouknowJackleftsoearly?---Idon,tknow.Maybehewashungry.A.what B.whyC.untilD.though( )16.MyuncletoldmethathetoLondonthenextday.A.wouldgoB.goC.wentD.hasgone( )17.---Whatdidthechildrenthinkofthegame?---Thechildrensaidtheythemselvesverymuch.A.if;enjoyB.why;enjoyedC.where;enjoyD.that;enjoyed( )18.---Iamsureyousaidistrue.---Thanks.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who( )19.---IwonderedtheyhadbeentoAmerica.---I,mnotsure.A.if B.whatC.whoD.that( )20.Couldyoutelluswhere?Someoneislookingforhim.A.ishe B.washeC.heisD.hewas( )21.Ourteachersaidthatthemoonaroundtheearth.A.goB.went C.hasgoneD.goes( )22.Myfriendwantedtoknowwithhisnewcar.A.whatwrongis B.whatiswrongC.whatwrongwas D.whatwaswrong( )23.-CouldyoushowmeIcanusetheMP4,please?-Ofcourse.A.that B.howC.whetherD.if( )24.-DoyouknowforShanghailastnight?-At9:00.A.whattimeheleaves B.whattimedoesheleaveC.whattimeheleft D.whattimedidheleave( )25.Ireallywanttoknow.A.whatiswrongwithmybrotherB.howwillhegotoBeijingtomorrowC.ifhadheboughtthatcar D.wheredidhegoyesterday( )26.-Wedon,tknowheis.-Theysayheismuchbetterthesedays.A.what B.who C.how D.where( )27.-Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow.-Yes.Butifit,we,llvisitthemuseuminstead.第7頁(yè)共11頁(yè)

A.willyouhave;willrain B.youwillhave;willranC.youwillhave;rains D.willyouhave;rains( )28.Theteachersaidthatthemoontheearth.C.circlingD.circleB.whichoneshelikedbestC.circlingD.circleB.whichoneshelikedbestD.whichonedoesshelikebest( )29.Iaskedthegirl.A.whichonedidshelikebestC.whichoneshelikesbest( )30.-DoyouknowLucyhasvisitedtheGreatWall?-Yes,shehas.ButIdon,tknowwhenit.A.that;shevisited B.if;shevisitedC.that;didshevisit D.if;didshevisit( )31.Youshouldruntheshopyourbosshastaughtyou.A.so B.but C.althoughD.as( )32.-Todayortomorrow?-Whatareyoutalkingabout?-WearetalkingabouttogiveatalkontheTraditionofChineseLiterature.A.how B.where C.when D.what( )33.Welivetheroadcrossestheriver.A.when B.where C.how D.why( )34.Hesaidhetheteacheraboutit.A.hastold B.tells C.istellingD.hadtold( )35.Hesaidtimemoney.A.was B.is C.are D.were( )36.Ididn,tunderstand,soIraisedmyhandtoask.A.whatmyteachersays B.whatdoesmyteachersayC.whatmyteachersaid D.whatdidmyteachersay( )37.-CanyouguesstheMP4playeryesterday?-Sorry,I,venoideaaboutit.A.howmuchdidhepayfor B.howcanhegetC.howmuchhepaidfor D.howhehasgot( )38.Doyouknowwhohewithateightlastnight?A.wastalking B.istalkingC.hasbeentalkingD.talks( )39.Pleasetellme.A.whattimeisitB.whattimeitis C.what,sthetime D.whattimebe( )40.-Canyoutellmeyougetonwithyourclassmates?-IhavetoldyoumanytimesIgetonverywellwiththem.A.how;ifB.that;whetherC.how;thatD.whether;that【中考鏈接】( )1.---Ihearwe,llhaveanewforeignteachersoon.Doyouknowwhen?---Sorry,Ihavenoidea.(08廣州)A.hewillcomeB.willhecomeC.ishecomingD.hewascoming