初中英語賓語從句

賓語從句【學習目標】.知識目標：掌握賓語從句的三要素：引導詞、語序、時態(tài).能力目標：通過自主學習，小組合作，挑戰(zhàn)自我學會正確使用賓語從句.情感目標：體會在學習當中通過團隊協(xié)作所帶來的愉悅和成功【重難點】.重點：疑問語序改為陳述語序（主+謂）.難點：語序和時態(tài)呼應【要點梳理】要點一、定義賓語從句：置于動詞、介詞等詞性后面，在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。賓語從句過”三關“：時態(tài)，語序，連詞。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序，謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句，有些形容詞（afraid，sure，glad等）之后也可以帶賓語從句。要點二、賓語從句中引導詞的用法在復合句中作主句的賓語，引導詞有：連詞：that（that常可省略）,whether,if代詞：who,whose,what,which副詞：when,where,how,why等。（一）that引導的賓語從句（在非正式場合that可以省略）可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。例句：Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets..注意事項：當主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,expect等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。例句：Idon,tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.在以下情況中that不能省略1、當句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2、當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省。例句：JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。例句：Ican,ttellhimthathismotherdied.注意事項：許多帶復合賓語的句子，that引導的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。例句：Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.(二)由whether,if引導的賓語從句由whether(if)引導的賓語從句，實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。例句：Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.只能用whether，不能用if引導的賓語從句1、在帶to的不定式前例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.2、在介詞的后面例句：I,mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.3、在動詞后面的賓語從句時例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek4、直接與ornot連用時例句：Ican,tsaywhetherornotthetcancomeontime.只能用if不能用whether引導的賓語從句1、if引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果”例句：Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.2、if引導否定概念的賓語從句時例句：HeaskedifIdidn,tcometoschoolyesterday.3、引導狀語從句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）時例句：Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。英語中的連接代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。例句：Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?英語中的連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔任狀語的成分。例句：Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.要點三、賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例句：Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?要點四、賓語從句的時態(tài)1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。例句：Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.32、主句是過去時態(tài)，從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例句：Shewassorrythatshehadn,tfinishedherworkontime.3、當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.要點五、賓語從句的特點1、賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。2、賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。3、連接詞that引導賓語從句在句中無詞義，不充當句子成份，多數(shù)情況下可以省略。4、whether和if都可引導賓語從句，但whether后可緊跟ornot;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。5、如果從句太長，可以用形式賓語it。要點六、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句中，主語是I/We，謂語動詞是think、suppose>guess，believe等，從句中的否定習慣上要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，這就是否定轉(zhuǎn)移。Ithinkyouareright.（改為否定句）正：Idon'tthinkyouareright.誤：Ithinkyouaren'tright.Idon,tthinkthatitisworthdoing.我認為這不值得做。Idon,tbelievethathewillhelpus.我相信他不會來。【課堂鞏固】一、選擇填空WangHaitoldme(how/why)hedidn'tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.Canyoutellme(who/whom)elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?Shesaid(that/if)itwouldn'tmattermuch.Healwaysthinks(how/who)hecandoitbetter.reallydon'tknow(howlong/howsoon)thebridgewillbefinished.Theydon'tknow(when/what)wearegoinghiking.Shewantedtoknow(when/if)hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.Iwasreallysurprisedat(what/where)lsaw.Idon'tknow(how/why)somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.Doyouknow(whose/who's)shirtitis?二、單項選擇ThemanaskedmeifIhimthewaytothebusstop.A.cantell B.couldtell C.willtell D.tellHetoldmethatheacoldforthreedays.A.has B.hadcaught C.hadhad D.hashadTheywonderediftheirteacherthemanotherstorythenextweek.A.wouldtell B.hadtold C.willtell D.toldCouldyoutellmevesterday?A.whattheydoB.whattheydidC.whatdotheydoD.whatdidtheydoIknewthatthesunintheeastwhenIwasachild.A.rises B.rose C.willriseD.hasrisenCouldyoutellme ?A.whereisthestation B.wherethestationisC.iswherethestation D.thestationiswhereShesaidshewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.that B.whereC.which D.what"I'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?-Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.whatA.howB.whereC.whenD.what-DoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?-Sorry,I'venoideaA.that B.whetherC.what D.whichTheteacherwantedtoknow.A.whywashelateforschool B.howhecananswerthisquestionC.ifhecouldfinishthemontime D.whetherhisparentsarestrictwithhimHeaskedme toldmetheaccident.A.whom B.whichC.whoPleasetellmelastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworksTOC\o"1-5"\h\zSheaskedmeifIknew .A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas14.Youmustremember .A.whatyourmothersaidC.yourmothersaidwhat15.Couldyoutellme ?A.whenwilltheyleaveBejingC.whentheywilleaveBeijing三、用所給單詞的適當形式填空1.Ithinkhe(come)backsoon.D.whoseB.wheredidyoursisterworkD.whereyoursisterworkedC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasitB.whatdidyourmothersayD.whathasyourmothersaidB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing2.Hetoldmehisfather(read)thenewspaperatthistimeyesterday.Iwanttoknowifhe(go)fishingwithme.Ididn'tknowwho(break)thewindow.Hetoldmehisfather(fly)toBejingthenextday.Theteachertoldusthatlight(travel)muchfasterthansound.Heaskedifthegirl(find)herlostbike.Hesaidhe(go)toBeijingthreeyearsago.Heaskedwhatthegirl(look)for.10.Iaskedhimwhetherit(snow)inwinterinAustralia.參考答案：一、選擇填空1、why2、who3、that4、how5、howsoon6、when7、if8、what9、why10、whose二、單項選擇1、B句意：那個人問我能否告訴他去公共汽車站的路。此題考查賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)一致的問題。主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞應用過去時態(tài)的某一種形式。2、C句意：他告訴我他感冒三天了。根據(jù)主句的told可排除A和D。catch是終止性動詞，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。have是延續(xù)性動詞，故選C。3、A句意：他們想知道他們的老師下周能否再給他們講個故事。根據(jù)時間狀語可知用將來時，主句用一般過去時，則賓語從句要用過去將來時。4、B句意：你能告訴我他們昨天干了什么嗎？賓語從句應用陳述語序，根據(jù)yesterday可知用一般過去時。5、A句意：我小時候就知道太陽從東方升起。當賓語從句表示的是客觀真理、科學原理、自然現(xiàn)象以及格言、諺語等的時候，賓語從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時