高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)講義：定語(yǔ)從句難點(diǎn)精講

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)講義：定語(yǔ)從句難點(diǎn)精講簡(jiǎn)明概述：定語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的角色，修飾句中前面所提到的名/代詞。被修飾的名/代詞稱為先行詞。關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,whose,which,that）：注：沒(méi)有what關(guān)系代詞所代替的主要是人或物的名/代詞，在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。who,whom,that

都可代替人例句：Is

theboy

who/that

cheatedintheexamination?(who/that作為從句主語(yǔ)，代替theboy)Heis

theman

whom/that

wewon’trecruitduetohiscriminalrecords.(who/that作為從句賓語(yǔ)，代替theman)whose可指代人或物注：如果whose指物的話，也可以用ofwhich來(lái)代替。例句：Ourconversationwasstoppedby

aman

whose

hairisblonde.Ilenthim

thisbook

whose

pagescurledupduetomyconstantuse.=Ilenthim

thisbook

thepagesofwhich

curledupduetomyconstantuse.which,that代替事物例句：We’llneverforget

the

atrociousviolence

which/that

was

committedby

Japanesesoldiers.Is

thatfashionshow

(which/that)youweretalkingaboutjustnow?（作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可?。╆P(guān)系副詞（when,where,why）：關(guān)系副詞分別代替的先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的角色。注：when,where,why也可用“介詞+which”來(lái)代替。例句：Thiswas

themoment

when/atwhich

thetwosidesreachedadeadlockagain

and

terminated

their

negotiation.Xi’an

isoneofthemostfamousculturalcities

where/inwhich

millionsofworldwidetouristswillchoosetomakeatour.Isthis

thereason

why/forwhich

thereisasevereshortageoffundsforour

research?注：that

是可以代替關(guān)系副詞的，即that可取代“when,where,why”和“介詞+which”的形式。（在口語(yǔ)中that可省略）注：介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略，而且that前不能有介詞例句轉(zhuǎn)換：Thiswas

themoment

that

thetwosidesreachedadeadlockagain

and

terminated

their

negotiation.Xi’an

isoneofthemostfamousculturalcities

that

millionsofworldwidetouristswillchoosetomakeatour.Isthis

thereason

that

thereisasevereshortageoffundsforour

research?限制性/非限制性定語(yǔ)從句重點(diǎn)概括整理：限制性定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是不能省略的，因?yàn)槭×讼刃性~的話，句子的意思就會(huì)變得不完整和不明確，缺少必要的說(shuō)明解釋。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的額外說(shuō)明，是可以省略的，省了也不會(huì)影響句子的意思和整體性，并且與主句之間常用“，”隔開(kāi)。比較例句：Thisis

thebook

(which/that)

I

boughtyesterday.（限制性）Thisbook,

I

boughtyesterday,isveryinspiring.（非限制性）通常是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的情況分析：StevenSpielberg,(whom)

I

admireverymuchinHollywoodmovie-makingfield,won

another

OscarAwardthisyear.（專有名詞/人名）My

beloveddog,(which)

I

bought5yearsago,hascaughtabadcoldrecently.（有物主代詞的時(shí)候）This

experiment,whichwasconductedlastweekends,provestobeabigsuccess.（有指示代詞的時(shí)候）Herchildwasalwaysabsent-mindedinlearning

and

failedinexams,

which

madeher

disappointed

onceagain.（由which代替整句主句）關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法總結(jié)（只能用that的情況）：先行詞既包含人又包含物，只用that，不用which例句：Thevolunteersweretalkingabout

thenonprofitorganizationanditsstaff

that

made

anindelibleimpression

onthem.當(dāng)不定代詞作為先行詞（如anyone，anything，nothing，any，everything，something，little，few，much，all等），只用that，不用which例句：Heshared

everything

withus

that

arousedhisinterestinchemistryatschool.先行詞用theonly/very修飾時(shí)，只用that，不用which例句：Thegirlis

theonly

student

that

willblushwithshynesswhentalkingwithboys.先行詞是序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that，不用which例句：The

first

English

award

that

I

won

was

an

English

debatecompetitionheldby

ForeignLanguagesInstitute

atmyuniversity.This

was

the

busiest