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絕密★考試結(jié)束前全國4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語寫作試題課程代碼:00603
請考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題旳答案寫在答題紙上。所有題目用英文作答。注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生務(wù)必將自己旳考試課程名稱、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號用黑色字跡旳簽字筆或鋼筆填寫在答題紙規(guī)定旳位置上。2.用黑色字跡旳簽字筆或鋼筆將答案寫在答題紙上,不能答在試題上。
I.Supplythemissingparagraph.(20points)
Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithonebodyparagraphmissing.Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinabout100words.Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunitywiththepassageprovided.
ThePositiveEffectsofOwningaDogonChildren
Dogsarethebestfriendofchildren.Thedogandthechildteacheachotherthingsandtheylookaftereachother.Owningadogcanhavepositiveeffectsonachild’sdevelopment.Havingadogdevelopsachild’ssenseofresponsibility,broadenshiscapacityforempathy,andteacheshimthenatureoffriendship.Thefirstadvantageofowningadogisthatit’shelpfultodevelopachild’ssenseofresponsibility.Onceyouownadog,youhavetotakecareofitinsteadofonlyplayingit:showering,feeding,walking,cleaningup,haircuttingandsoon.Dogsareanimalsthathavetospendtimetogetherwithpeopleortheygetdepressed.Soyoumusttakesometimetostaywithit.Iftheyaresick,onecan’tjustleaveitalone.Alloftheseworksarerequiredtobecarefullydonewhichcouldmakeachildbecomemoreresponsible.Anotherlessonthatachildcanlearnfromhavingadogishowtobeempathetic.Adogcannotexpressitselfwithspeech,soitsownermustlearntounderstandwhatthedog’sbehaviormeans.Isthedogfrightened,aggressive,orsick?Thechildneedstounderstandwhatisgoingoninthedog’smind.Theresultoflearningtoreadadog’sbehavioristhatthechilddevelopsmpathy.Bylearninghowtoempathizewithadog,thechildalsolearnshowtoempathizewithotherpeople.Thisleadstothechildbecomingamoreconsiderateandcaringperson.
Beingconsiderateandcaringareimportantcharacteristicsinagoodfriend.Oneofthemostsignificantbenefitsofowningadogistheexampleoftruefriendshipthatadogprovides.Adoggivesunconditionallovetoitsowner.Adogwillnotstoplovingitsownerbecauseofalittleanger,indifference,orneglect.Adogwillwaitpatientlyforitsownertopatitsheadandsayafewkindwords.Thisacceptanceofthenegativequalitiesandappreciationforthepositivequalitiesofitsownerprovideawonderfulmodelofhowtobeagoodfriend.Achildwhohaslearnedtobeasgoodafriendtoothersashisdogistohimwillhavelearnedoneofthemostvaluablelessonsinlife.
Thesearesomeofthemostimportantlessonsachildwilleverlearn.Thebenefitsofowningadogwilllastinthechild’sentirelifetime.Theunderstandingandappreciationofresponsibility,empathy,andfriendshipthatachilddevelopsfromtheexperienceofhavingadogwillhelphimorhergrowintoareliable,caring,andmatureadult.
II.Writeanoutline.(20points)
Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcomposea“topicoutline”forit.
ActingoutMetaphorsEncouragesCreativeThinking
Ithappensinschools,offices,andboardroomseverywhere:someoneworkingonaprojecthitsamentalblock.Abossorteachermightresorttoametaphorlike“thinkoutsidethebox”or“puttwoandtwotogether,”encouragingacreativesolutiontotheproblem.Asitturnsout,thisisn’tjustabstractadvice.AccordingtoanupcomingissueofPsychologicalScience,literallyworkingoutsideofaboxorputtingtwohalvesofsomethingtogetherjustmighthelpthosecreativejuicesstartflowingagain.
Sincephysicalmetaphorsregardingcreativityaresocommonandappearinginseveraldifferentlanguages,agroupofresearchershypothesizedthattheymayextendbeyondmeremetaphors.Theirstudyindicatesthatactingoutmetaphorsliterallycanaffecthowourmindswork.
Inthefirstpartofthestudy,theresearchersasked102undergraduatestoperformaRemoteAssociatesTest(RAT),inwhichthesubjectsweregiventhreeseeminglyunrelatedwordsandaskedtocomeupwithawordthatrelatestoeachone.Forexample,thesubjectmightbegiven“measure,”“worm,”and“video,”andthecorrectresponsewouldbe“tape.”
Theparticipantsweredividedintothreegroups;onegroupwasaskedtoperformthistaskwhilesittinginsidea5’by5’cardboardbox,anothergroupsatoutsidethesamebox,andthoseinthethirdgroupperformedthetaskwithoutaboxintheroomatall.Noneoftheparticipantsknewthehypothesisbehindthestudy;theyweremerelytolditwasanexperimentondifferentworkingenvironments.
Therewasnodifferenceinperformancebetweenthoseinsidetheboxandthosewithnoboxatall.However,theparticipantsthatwereseatedoutsidetheboxdidmuchbetterontheRATthantheothertwogroups.Apparently,somethingaboutliterally“thinkingoutsidethebox”encouragescreativity.
Asecondexperimentlookedatanotherwell-knownpieceofadvice:to“puttwoandtwotogether”tocomeupwithananswer.Inthestudy,64subjectsweredividedintotwogroups.ThefirstgrouphadtoperformaRATwhilejoininghalvesofcutpapercardsfrompilesoneachsideofadesk.Thesecondgroupperformedasimilartask,butonlyhadtomovecardhalvesfromonesideofadesktotheotherside.Those“puttingtwoandtwotogether”byunitingthetwohalvesofthecardsdidfarbetterontheRATthanthosethatweremerelymovingthecardsfromonepiletoanother.
So,actingoutmetaphorslinkedtocreativityreallycanhelpusthinkcreatively.Infact,itdoesmorethanletusaccesstheknowledgewepresentlyhave;itencouragesustocomeupwithnew,uniqueandcreativeideas.Nexttimeyou’restuckonaproblem,takeaminutetoponder—orevenactout—yourfavoritemetaphor,andyoumighthappenuponagreatsolution.
TopicOutlineActingoutMetaphorsEncouragesCreativeThinking
Ithappenseverywhere:mentalblock.Abossorteachermightresorttoametaphorlike“thinkoutsidethebox”or“puttwoandtwotogether”.Thisisn’tjustabstractadvicebutmightreallyhelphavecreativethoughts.
Agroupofresearchershypothesizedthatactingoutmetaphorsmayextendbeyondmeremetaphors.Theycanaffecthowourmindswork.
Inthefirststudy,theresearchersasked102undergraduatestoperformaRemoteAssociatesTest(RAT).Thesubjectsweregiventhreeunrelatedwordsandaskedtoanswerawordthatrelatestoeachone.
Theparticipantsweredividedintothreegroups;onegroupwasaskedtoperformthistaskwhilesittinginsideacardboardbox,anothergroupsatoutsidethesamebox,andthoseinthethirdgroupperformedthetaskwithoutaboxintheroom.
Therewasnodifferenceinperformancebetweenthoseinsidetheboxandthosewithnoboxatall.However,theparticipantsoutsidetheboxdidmuchbetterontheRAT.Apparently,somethingaboutliterally“thinkingoutsidethebox”encouragescreativity.
Thesecondexperimentfocusedonanotheradvice:to“puttwoandtwotogether”tocomeupwithananswer.Inthestudy,64subjectsweredividedintotwogroups.ThefirstgroupperformedaRATwhilejoininghalvesofcutpapercardstogether.Thesecondgroupperformedasimilartask,butonlyhadtomovecardhalvesfromonesideofadesktotheotherside.ThoseunitingthetwohalvesofthecardsdidfarbetterontheRATthanthosethatweremerelymovingthecardsfromonepiletoanother.
So,actingoutmetaphorslinkedtocreativityreallycanhelpusthinkcreatively.
IIl.Composeanessay.(60points)
Peoplearemoreandmoreconcernedabouttheenvironment.Writea300-wordexpositoryessaystatingyouropinionaboutwhatwecandoasindividualstoimproveourenvironment.
Howtoimproveourenvironment Nowadays,environmentproblemsarearebecomingmoreandmoreinfluentialtoourdailylivesthanonlyappearinginnewspapersandTVs,lecturesorreports.Forinstance,inthelastwinter,foggydayswiththesocalledPM2.5causedapanicamongcitizens.Peoplewereafraidofthepollutedairandchosetostayathomeinsteadofgoingout.Protectingtheenvironmentisreallyanextremelyurgentthing.Asweallknow,lowcarbonlifewasproposedinrecentyearsandIthinkitwouldbeareasonablewaytosolveourenvironmentcrisis. Wecanfigureoutwhatbenefitscanbegainedwhenwetransferthisconceptionintoarealexistence,alowcarboncampus.Thissimpleshiftofperspectivecanactuallytransformwhatusedtobequitefarawayintosomethingthatisjustaroundus. Taketheuseofelectronicdevicesforexample,whenwechoosetoclimbthestairsinsteadofusinganelevator,whenwepreferbicyclestocars,wearedoingsomethingfantasticforourselves.Thinkabouttheseactivitiesasexercisesthatwouldnotonlykeepusphysicallyfit,butalsospirituallyenergetic.Ifweturnoffthecomputerwhentheyarenotinuse,orevenlimitthehourswespendinfrontofthem,wearenotonlysavingtheelectricity,butalsodoingafavortoourbody,preventingourselvesfromtoomuchexposuretoradiationandotherpossibleharmscausedbycomput
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