2020年高考英語二輪復習專題06 閱讀理解Ⅳ：詞義猜測題(測)

專題6閱讀理解IV：詞義猜測1.D【四省名校2019-2020學年高三第一次大聯考】Ifyouwearglasses,chancesareyouaresmarter.ResearchpublishedinthefamousBritishjournalNatureCommunicationshasfoundthatpeoplewhodisplayedhigherlevelsofintelligencewerealmost30percentmorelikelytowearglasses.Thescientistsstudiedthegenesofthousandsofpeoplebetweentheagesof16and102.Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.Scientistsalsosaidbeingsmarterhasotherbenefits.Itisconnectedtobetterhealth.Itisimportanttoremembertheseareconnectionswhicharenotprovencauses.Scientistscallthiscorrelation.Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.Andit'sworthnotingthatwhatconstitutesintelligenceissubjectiveandcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,tomeasure.Forgetgenesthough.Plentyofproofshowswearingglassesmakespeoplethinkyouaremoreintelligent,evenifyoudonotneedglasses.Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.HesaidSometimestherehasbeenahugeamountofproofshowingthatpeoplehewasdefendingbrokethelaw.Hehadthemwearglassesandtheyweren'tfoundguilty.GlassesarealsousedtoshowsomeoneisintelligentinmoviesandonTV.Ideasaboutpeoplewhowearglasseshavebeguntoshift.Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.GQmagazinesaidpeoplewhowearglassesforfashionaretryingtoohardtolooksmartandhip（時髦的）.However,thathasn'tstoppedmanycelebritiesfromhappilywearingglasseseveniftheydonotneedthem.JustinBieberisjustonehigh-profilefanoffashionglasses.Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?Peoplewearingglassesaresmarter.Peoplewearingglassesarehealthier.Wearingglassescanmakepeoplecleverer.WearingglassesisassociatedwithhigherIQ.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?A.Shift.B.Link.C.Proof.D.Consequence.A.Shift.B.Link.C.Proof.D.Consequence.Whydosomelawyersasktheirclientstowearglassesincourt?Becauseitcancreateamoralimage.Becauseitcanmisleadthewitnesses.Becauseitcanhighlightclients'qualities.Becauseitcanprovetheclients'innocence.Whatisthegeneralattitudetothosewhowearglassesforfashion?Positive.B.Negative.C.MixedD.Indifferent.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了研究發(fā)現戴眼鏡和高智商有關，文章還指出有些人只是為了追求時尚而戴眼鏡。細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.”可知，研究表明，智力與身體特征有關，其中一個特征就是視力，在10個更聰明的人中，他們需要眼鏡的幾率更高，也就是說戴眼鏡與高智商有關，故D項正確。詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的“Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.”可知，僅僅因為某物與其他事物相聯系并不意味著其中一個事物導致了另一個事物，這是對畫線詞的解釋說明，因此此處是說重要的是要記住這些都是沒有被證實的原因的聯系，科學家稱之為相關性，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“相關聯、聯系”，故B項正確。細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.”可知，許多研究發(fā)現，戴眼鏡的人被視為更聰明、更勤奮、更誠實，眼鏡使他們看起來更溫和，許多律師利用這個想法來幫助他們贏得官司，由此可知，一些律師讓他們的當事人在法庭上戴眼鏡是因為戴上眼鏡有助于塑造一個道德的形象，故A項正確。推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.”可知，不需要眼鏡的人有時戴眼鏡只是為了時尚，他們想顯得酷一些，但并不是每個人都對這個想法印象深刻，由此可知，對于那些追求時尚而戴眼鏡的人來說，人們的態(tài)度是既有人支持也有人反對，故C項正確。2.C【河南省中原名校2019-2020學年高三上學期第二次質量考評】Plasticsremainoneofthemost-usedmaterialsformakingmanythings.Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime.Plasticsarealsomuchlighterthanmetalandcaneasilybeformedintodifferentshapes.Plasticscantakehundredsofyearstobreakdownontheirown.Andveryfewkindsarehighlyrecyclable.AteamofresearchersworkingattheUSDepartmentofEnergysaysithascreatedakindofplasticthatcouldleadtoproductsthatare100percentrecyclable.ItrecentlyreportedthediscoveryinastudyinthejournalNatureChemistry.Theresearcherssaythenewmaterialisaplasticpolymer聚合體）calledpolydiketoenamine,orPDK.Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular分子的）level.Itcanthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors.Theresearcherssaythisprocesscanberepeatedoverandoveragain—withouttheplasticmateriallosinganyperformanceorquality."Mostplasticswerenevermadetoberecycled,”leadresearcherPeterChristensensaidinastatmeent."Butwehavediscoveredanewwaytoassembleplasticsthattakesrecyclingintoconsiderationfromamolecularperspective.”Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.Theproblemisthatthesechemicalsattachtothemonomers單體）,whichremaininplasticsevenafterthematerialgetsprocessedatarecyclingplant.Theresearchteamreportedthat,withthenewlydiscoveredPDKmaterial,themonomerscouldberecoveredandseparatedfromanychemicaladditives.Next,theresearchersplantodevelopPDKplastics"withawiderangeofthermalandmechanicalproperties.Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.Inaddition,theteamistryingtoincludeplant-basedmaterialsintheprocess.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?Plasticsareneverhighlyrecyclable.Plasticsarewidelyusedinourlives.Plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Plasticstakehundredsofyearstobebrokendown.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph3referto?Thenewmaterial.B.Theresearchteam.C.Themolecularlevel.D.Theproducingprocess.Whydomanyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothem?Tomakethemeasytobreakdown.Tomakethemeasytogetprocessed.Tomakeitpossibleforthemtoberecycled.Tomakethemstrongerandmorewidelyused.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?PDKplasticswillbesoonputtogooduse.PDKplasticsmayhaveapromisingprospect.TheresearchersarebusydevelopingPDKplastics.Plant-basedmaterialshavebeenusedinthenewplastics.【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個研究團隊正在研究一種新型的塑料，這種塑料更容易降解，更耐用且可以循環(huán)利用。主旨大意題。根據文章第一段的Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime.…Andvekindsarehighlyrecyclable.可知，塑料結實耐用，更易成型；需要上百年才能降解，且?guī)缀醪荒苎h(huán)利用；所以本段既講了塑料的優(yōu)點也講了缺點。C.Plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages（.塑料既有優(yōu)勢也有劣勢）可以總結本段。故選C項。詞義猜測題。根據前句Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular分子的）level.（研究隊說這種材料能被降解成分子大小的微粒）和畫線詞后面的canthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors.（然后再次組合形成不同形狀，顏色和質地的塑料）可知，it代指的是前文提到的新材料，尤其從canbe和canthenbe這兩個并列句可以推出前后講的是同物。故選A項。細節(jié)理解題。根據文章倒數第二段的Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.可知，加入其它化學物質的目的是讓塑料更有用，更耐用。D.Tomakethemstrongerandmorewidelyused.（讓它們更堅固，使用面更廣）符合以上說法。故選D項。推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段的Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.可知，這種新型塑料在將來可以被用在很多領域，例如布料，3D打印和泡沫。B.PDKplasticsmayhaveapromisingprospect.（PDK塑料可能有一個光明的前景）符合以上說法。故選B項。3.B【河南省八市重點中學2019-2020學年高三9月月考】Asmuchasseventyyearsago,inthecityofBoston,therelivedasmallgirlwhohadthenaughtyhabitofrunningaway.666666Herparents,Mr.andMrs.Alcott,fromfirsttolast,hadhadagoodmanyfrightsaboutthisflyawayLouisa.Oncewhenshewasonlytwoyearsoldtheyweretravelingwithheronasteamboat,andshedartedaway,insomemomentwhennoonewasnoticingher,andcrawledintotheengine-roomtowatchthemachinery.Ofcourseherclotheswereallgreaseanddirt,andshemighthavebeencaughtinthemachineryandhurt.Exceptforthisonefault,Louisawasagoodchild,soshefeltmuchashamedthatshehadcausedhermother,whomsheloveddearly,somuchworry.Shemadeuphermindthatshewouldneverfrightenhersoagain.No-shewouldcureherselfoftherunning-awayhabit!Afterthat,whenevershefelttheleastdesiretoslipoutofthehousewithoutaskingpermission,shewouldhurrytoherownlittleroomandshutthedoortight.Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem.ByandbyshefoundshelikedmakingstoriesbetterthananythingshehadeverdoneinherlifeHermothersometimeswonderedwhyLouisagrewsofondofstayinginherlittlechambertheheadofthestairs,allofasudden,butwaspleasedthattherunawaychildhadchangedintosuchaquiet,like-to-stay-at-homegirl.ItwasalongtimebeforeLouisadaredtomentionthestoriesandrhymesshehadhiddeninherdeskbutfinallyshetoldhermotheraboutthem,andwhenMrs.Alcotthadreadthem,sheadvisedhertokeeponwriting.LouisadidsoandbecameoneofthebestAmericanstory-tellers.Shewroteanumberofbooks,andifyoubeginwithLulu'sLibrary,youwillwanttoreadLittleMenandLittleWomenandallthebooksthatdearLouisaAlcotteverwroteWhatdoestheunderlinedword“dartedaway”inparang?raph2medisappearedB.leftquicklyC.lostherselfD.hidherselfWhydidLouisacrawlintotheengineroom?Becauseshewantedtowatchthemachinery.BecauseshewantedtomakeherparentsfrightenedBecauseshelikedtomakeJokes.Becauseotherwise,shemighthavebeenhurt.HowdidLouisacureherselfofrunning-awayhabit?SheaskedpermissionbeforegoingoutofthehouseShefoundmakingstoriesmoreinterestingandgaveupherrun-awayplanatonce.Hermothermadeherenterherownroomandshutthedoortight.ShemadeupstoriesandthenwrotethemdownWhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLouisa?Caring.B.AmbitiousC.Strong-minded.D.Demanding.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了作家路易斯?奧爾科特小時候的一段經歷。她從很小的時候起就喜歡獨自“逃跑”，父母為此飽受驚嚇，后來她下定決心改正這個習慣，每當有“逃跑”計劃時，她就把自己關起來，編故事，寫故事，后來她成了作家。詞義猜測題。根據上文Asmuchasseventyyearsago,inthecityofBoston,therelivedasmallgirlwhohadthenaughtyhabitofrunningaway（.大約70年前，在波士頓城，住著一個小女孩，她有一個頑皮的習慣，那就是逃跑。）以及Herparents,Mr.andMrs.Alcott,fromfirsttolast,hadhadagoodmanyfrightsaboutthisflyawayLouisa.（她的父母，阿爾科特先生和阿爾科特太太，對Louisa的出走，從始至終，感到非常害怕。）可知Louisa喜歡“逃跑”，因此在有一次當他們和她一起乘汽船旅行的時候,Louisa在沒有人注意她的時候，Louisa又飛快地跑開了。故劃線短語意思為“快速離開”，故選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段中Oncewhenshewasonlytwoyearsoldtheyweretravelingwithheronasteamboat,andshedartedaway,insomemomentwhennoonewasnoticingher,andcrawledintotheengine-roomtowatchthemachinery.（有一次，當她只有兩歲的時候，他們和她一起乘汽船旅行，在沒有人注意她的時候，她飛快地跑開了，爬進機艙去看機器。）可知Louisa爬進機艙，因為她想看機器。故選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段中Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem（.為了不讓自己的頭腦受到壞計劃的影響，她會閉上眼睛編造故事——把它們都想清楚，你知道，這都是她的。然后，當其中一些看起來很不錯的時候，她會把它們寫下來，這樣她就不會忘記它們了。）可知Louisa編造故事，然后把它們寫下來，以便改掉逃跑的習慣。故選Do推理判斷題。根據第四段中Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem.（為了不讓自己的頭腦受到壞計劃的影響，她會閉上眼睛編造故事——把它們都想清楚，你知道，這都是她的。然后，當其中一些看起來很不錯的時候，她會把它們寫下來，這樣她就不會忘記它們了。）可知Louisa下定決心改正缺點，把自己關在房間里，編故事寫故事，說明她是一個意志堅強的人。故選C。4.B【河北省唐山市第一中學2019-2020學年高三10月調研】MywifeandIwereatacrowdedgrocerystorenotlongago.Itwasaweekdayevening,coldandwet-andtense.Peoplewerecarelesslyblockingaisles,complainingandcuttingoneanotheroffwiththeircarts.Thingsgotworseatthecheckoutline.Thecashierscannedaman'sdiscountcard,buthemisreadthesavingsonherscreenasanadditionalcharge.Hedecidedshewasactingdeliberatelyandbegantoargue.“Sheisbeingspiteful（惡意的）!”heyelled.“Thisisunbelievable.”O(jiān)thercustomerslookedawayasthecashiertriedtoreasonwithhim.Shecalledamanager,whoaccompaniedhimtocustomerservice.Shaken,shemovedtothenextcustomerinline.We'veallwitnesseduncomfortablesceneslikethisinpublicplaces.Thegroceryscenewasanotherexampleofhowourtrustinothershaseroded.Butitwasalsoateachablemomentonhowwecanrebuildourfaith-startingwithjustoneperson.Backatthegrocerystore,mywifeandIreachedouruneasycashier.Igrabbedabottleofwaterfromanearbycoolerandhandedittoher.“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou.”Isaid.Herfacelitup,andwetalkedasshescannedouritems.Shetoldusshehadbeenworkingthateveningthroughseverefootpainandwouldbehavingsurgerylaterthatweek.Wewishedherwellinherrecovery,andshethankedusasweleft.Thosearethebalancingacts,themomentsofrespondingsocialandemotionalpainwithhealing,whichwilladduptorestoretrustamongpeople.Youcanstartthatpatterninsomeoneelse'slife,eveninaplaceasordinaryastheneighborhoodgrocerystore.Whydidthemanatthecheckoutlinearguewiththecashier?Thecashiercalledamanagertohelpher.Someonejumpedthequeuewaitingtocheckout.Therewassomethingwrongwithhisdiscountcard.Hebelievedthecashierchargedhimmoreonpurpose.Theunderlinedword“eroded”inParagraph5probablymeans.changedB.increasedC.fadedD.formedTheauthorboughtabottleofwaterforthecashierbecause.A.hethoughtthecashiermightfeelalittlebitthirstyheknewshehadgonethroughmuchtroublerecentlyhewantedtorestorethetrustbetweenherandthemanhewantedtocomfortheraftertheterribleexperiencejustnowThelastparagraphinthepassageisintendedto.addawarningB.makeasuggestionC.introduceatopicD.presentanargument【答案】25.D26.C27.D28.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者和妻子在百貨商場遇到的一樁關于人與人之間相互信任的故事。細節(jié)理解題。第二段最后一句“Hedecidedshewasactingdeliberatelyandbegantoargue.可知收銀臺前的那個人和收銀員爭吵的因為是他斷定她是故意的，故選D。詞義猜測題。根據后文“Butitwasalsoateachablemomentonhowwecanrebuildourfaith-startingwithjustoneperson.”可知，因為信任正在“慢慢消失”因此需要“重建”，故選C。細節(jié)理解題。第六段第三句“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou.'可知作者為收銀員買了一瓶水的原因是想為她剛剛糟糕的經歷安慰她，故選D。推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句“Youcanstartthatpatterninsomeoneelse'slife,eveninaplaceasordinaryastheneighborhoodgrocerystore.”可知最后一段，作者提出你可以在別人的生活中開始這種模式，是在提出建議。故選B。5.D【廣東省惠州市2019-2020學年高三上學期第一次調研】TOKYO,June8(Xinhua)--TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeofthe2022OlympicandParalympicsWinterGamesheldapromotioneventintheJapanesecapital,TokyoonSaturdaytointroducethelatestdevelopmentsinpreparationfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.Thepromotionevent,whichusedanexhibitionwallandthe"CharmingBeijing"photoexhibitiontoshowcasethepreparationsofBeijing2022,waspartof"BeijingWeek",aseriesofactivitiestocommemoratethe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister-cityrelationsbetweenBeijingandTokyo.Ontheexhibitionwallwithanareaof33squaremeters,Beijng2022organizersshowcasedfiveaspectsincludingtheBeijingWinterOlympicsvision,Beijing'swintersportstradition,emblem(2jofBeijing2022,competitionplanningandtheNationalSpeedSkatingOval.Atthesametime,oldphotosoftheChineseandJapaneseicehockeyteamsechoedthe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister-cityrelationsbetweenthetwocitiesandthethemeoftheBeijingWinterOlympics.666666ThepromotionvideosoftheBeijing2022emblems,aswellasotherrelatedvideoclips,drewgreatinterestoftheaudience.The"CharmingBeijing"photoexhibitiondisplayedsomeoftheWinterOlympicvenues,showingtheprogressofthepreparationsfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.Meanwhile,sandtable,VRglassesandthe"BeijingWinterOlympicsBrochure"arealsoprovidedtolettheaudiencevisuallyexperiencetheuniquecharmoftheNationalSpeedSkatingOvalandthefeaturesofothercompetitionvenues.ChangYuDirectorGeneraloftheMediaandCommunicationsDepartmentoftheBeijingWinterOlympicOrganizingCommittee,introducedtheprogressofthepreparations2022andthevisionofcooperationbetweenBeijing2022andTokyo2020.ChangYusaidthattheBeijingWinterOlympicsOrganizingCommitteestayscommittedtowiththeaimofdeliveringahostingtheGamesinagreen,inclusive,openandcleanmanner,withanaimofdeliveringafantastic,extraordinaryandexcellentOlympiceventtotheworld.TheBeijingWinterOlympicswillopenonFebruary4,2022.whichwillfeature'sports,15disciplinesand109events.Howwasthepromotioneventcarriedout?ByadvertisingonTVinBeijingandTokyo.BysendingoffbrochurestocitizensinTokyo.ByprovidingvariousvisualexperiencesD.ThroughtoursallaroundTokyo.Theunderlinedword"commemorate"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtocelebrateB.appreciateCcompareD.combineWhatcanbeinferredfromChangYu'sintroduction?BeijingwillhosttheOlympicsearlierthanTokyo.Beijingiswellpreparedforthe2022eventBeijing2022provesagreatsuccess.Beijing2022willbeenvironmental-friendly.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthispassage?A.TheSister-CityAnniversarybetweenBeijingandTokyoBeijing2022PromotionEventinTokyoBeijingandTokyo,FriendshipForeverPreparationsforBeijing2022Olympic【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了2022年冬奧會和殘奧會組委在日本首都東京進行了宣傳工作，介紹了北京冬奧會籌備工作的最新進展。細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段的Thepromotionevent,whichusedanexhibitionwallandthe"CharmingBeijing"photoexhibitiontoshowcasethepreparationsofBeijing2022（,宣傳活動是利用展覽墻和“美麗北京”的圖片來展示北京2022年的籌備工作）可知，籌備工作的展示主要是通過照片和圖片。C.Byprovidingvariousvisualexperiences（通過提供各種各樣的視覺體驗）符合以上說法。故選C項。詞義猜測題。文章第二段aseriesofactivitiestocommemoratethe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister-cityrelationsbetweenBeijingandTokyo.一系列的活動來紀念中日友好城市關系建立40周年）中的40thanniversary（40周年）可推測commemorate的意思是慶祝。故選A項。推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段的ChangYusaidthattheBeijingWinterOlympicsOrganizingCommitteestayscommittedtowiththeaimofdeliveringahostingtheGamesinagreen,inclusive,openandcleanmanne（r,常玉說北京冬奧組織委員會致力于以綠色，包容，開放，清潔的方式舉辦一屆奧運會）可知，北京冬季好運會是環(huán)保的。D.Beijing2022willbeenvironmental-friendly.（2022北京奧運會將會是親環(huán)境的）符合以上說法。故選D項。主旨大意題。因為本文是新聞報道，所以主旨大意在第一段。根據第一段的TheBeiingOrganizingCommitteeofthe2022OlympicandParalympicsWinterGamesheldapromotioneventintheJapanesecapital,TokyoonSaturdaytointroducethelatestdevelopmentsinpreparationfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.（周六2022年冬奧會和殘奧會北京奧組委在日本首都東京進行了宣傳工作，介紹了北京冬奧會籌備工作的最新進展。）可知，本文主要講北京奧委會在日本東京的宣傳工作。B.Beijing2022PromotionEventinTokyo（北京2022年冬奧會在東京的宣傳）符合題意。故選B項。6.C【2019年四川省雅安市高三第三次診斷】NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars.AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,es(225millionkilometers)awayfromEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelayof20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenanemergencyhappens."Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytooccur,"JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldTheGuardian.ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor."Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,"Johnsonsaid.Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.Thereareotherexamplesofteam"clowns".OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultjourney.fullofdanger.AdolfLindstrom,acookatAmundsen'steam,wasa"clown".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholejourney.AmundsenlaterwrotethatLindstromwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen."Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.WhatisNASA'snewjoblisting?A.Afunnyengineer.B.Atalentedclown.C.Agoodcook.D.Apopularcomedian.Whatdoes“aconfinedspace”inParagraph3refertoA.afullspaceB.anemptyspaceC.anopenspaceD.asmallspace.Howdoestheauthorthinkhumorcanhelpastronauts？Itcanstopthemfromfeelingbored.Itcanpromoteteamworkonamission.Itcanmakethemfeellesshomesick.Itcanhelpthemknowthemselvesbetter.What'stheauthor'spurposeofgivingtheexampleofthecook？A.Totellusthatwhatexplorerseatontheirjourneyisveryimportant.Toprovethatanamateurcanplayamoreimportantrolethanaprofessional.Tomakethepointthathumorouspeoplecancheerpeopleupindifficultsituations.TorevealthatamissiontoMarsismoredifficultthanajourneytotheSouthPole.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，由美國宇航局尋找一位幽默的工程師來和宇航員一起執(zhí)行航天任務介紹了幽默對宇航員的重要作用。細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段“"Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."”可知，美國宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程師，故A項正確。詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后的“suchasonamissiontoMars,”可知，與在地球上生活的寬廣空間不同，在火星任務中，你需要和其他人一起在狹小的航天器內生活很長一段時間，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“狹小的空間、有限的空間”，故D項正確。推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether可知，幽默的人有能力把每個人都團結在一起，也就是說幽默能夠促進宇航員在任務中的團隊合作，故B項正確。推理判斷題。根據第五段中的“Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress”可知，在壓力大的情況下，幽默是一種減壓的方式，第六段第一句話又說有很多團隊小丑的例子，緊接著舉廚師的例子就是為了證明這一點，即：幽默的人能使人在困難的情況下振作起來，故C項正確。7.B【安徽省“江淮十?！?019-2020年高三上學期第一次聯考】AdisastrousfiresurroundedNotreDame巴黎圣母院）completelyanddestroyedlargepartsoftheGothic（哥特式的architectureonMonday“NotreDameisourhistory,ourliterature;partofourspirit,theplaceofallourgreatevents,ourwars,ourliberations,thecenterofourlives"FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacrontoldreportersinfrontofthestillburningParislandmarkandpromisedtorebuildNotreDameCathedral.“NotreDameisburning,andknowthesadnessandthistremblefeltbysomanyfellowFrenchpeople.Buttonight,I'dliketospeakofhopetoo,"hesaid,announcingthelaunchofafundraisingcampaign.“Let'sbeproud,becausewebuiltthiscathedralmorethan800yearsago,we'vebuiltitand,throughoutthecenturies,letitgrowandimproveit.SoIgravelysaytonight:wewillrebuildittogether,”headded.Thedisastrousfireengulfed（吞沒）theupperreachesofParis'toweringNotreDameCathedralasitwasundergoingrenovations（翻新）。TouristsandParisianslookedonhorrifiedfromthestreetsbelow.France'sInteriorMinistrysaidfirefightersmightnotbeabletosavethestructure.Thefirecollapsedthecathedrals＇spire尖頂）andspreadtooneofitslandmarktowers"Everythingisburning;nothingwillremainfromtheframe,"NotreDamespokesmanAndreFinottoldFrenchmedia.The12th-centurycathedralishometoincalculableworksofartandisoneoftheworld'smostfamoustouristattractions,immortalizedbyVictorHugo'1831novelTheHunchbackofNotreDame.Thecauseofthefirewasnotknown,butFrenchmediaquotedtheParisfirebrigade（消防隊）assayingthefireis“potentiallylinked"toa6million—euro（$6.88million）renovationprojectonthechurch'sspireandits250tonsoflead.OfficialsopenedaninvestigationasParispolicesaidtherewerenoreporteddeaths.Some400firefighterswerebattlingthefirewellintothenight.WhatEmmanuelMacronsaidmainlyshowsthat（）NotreDamewasthesymbolofParisinhistory.TheFrenchgovernmentaregoingtorebuildNotreDame.Ittookmorethan800yearstobuildNotreDame.Hewasdesperatewhenhemadetheannouncement.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?NotreDameCathedralwasburntdownentirely.Thestructurewaswellsavedbythefirefighters.Peoplewhowerekilledinthefirearesomefirefighters.Thefirewaslikelycausedbyarenovationprojectonthechurch'sspire.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?Thenovelmadethecathedralfamous.Thecathedralisrepeatedlymentionedinthenovel.Thenovelbecameabestsellerthankstothecathedral.Thenovelbecamemoremysteriousduetothecathedral.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinwritingthearticle?A.Disappointed.B.Humorous.C.Matter-of-fact.D.Critical.【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.C【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了法國總統(tǒng)在燃燒的巴黎圣母院前的講話、巴黎圣母院的重要性、聞名原因以及對失火原因的調查。推理判斷題。由題干中“WhatEmmanuelMacronsaid"可將答案定位在文章2?4段內。文章第二段中法國總統(tǒng)說的話是表示巴黎圣母院在人們心中的重要地位，由本段最后一句話可知，下邊兩段主要是總統(tǒng)表達了重建巴黎圣母院的信心。再由第三段尾句“announcingthelaunchofafhndraisingcampaign（宣布集資開始）”可知，總統(tǒng)就是想讓大家知道他們一定要重建巴黎圣母院。故選B。細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的thefireis“potentiallylinked"toa6million-euro（$6.8million）renovationprojectonthechurch'sspireandits250tonsoflead.可知，這場大火與塔尖正在翻新的項目有關。故選D。詞句猜測題。immortalized意為“使永恒，使不朽，使名垂千古，。所以這句話的意思是雨果的《巴黎圣母院》這部小說使得巴黎圣母院作為旅游景點，永垂不朽。故選A。推理判斷題。綜合全文，可看出作者是在客觀描述大火以及領導人及市民的反應。A.Disappointed失望的；B.Humorous幽默的；C.Matter-of-fact.事實上，實際上的；D.Critical批評的，故選C。8.B【2020屆8月貴州省貴陽市普通高中高三摸底】Astheoldsayinggoes,“Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.”Andneithershouldwejudgemoviestarsbytheirages.Atjust21，ElleFanningmadehistorybybecomingtheyoungestjury（評審團）memberattheCannesFilmFestival.ThisyearitlastedfromMay14thtoMay25th.“Iwasincompletesh