2020年高考英語新題型寫作技巧八 強調(diào)倒裝虛擬語氣句型和豐富細節(jié)的手段

2020年高考英語寫作新題型備考技巧專題（八）強調(diào)倒裝虛擬句型+豐富文章細節(jié)的手段備考技巧丄特殊句型是英語書面表達中的高級句式，其中強調(diào)句和倒裝句是較為常見的特殊句型。而虛擬語氣也是高中較難掌握的句型之一。它們的準確使用能夠彰顯考生的英語水平，提高寫作檔次。一．重點突出的強調(diào)句型（一）強調(diào)句的基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分。它可以強調(diào)除謂語動詞外的其它任何成分，如主語、賓語、狀語等。在續(xù)寫和概寫中靈活運用強調(diào)句不僅能突出重點、增強表達，更能彰顯考生的英語運用能力。Itisjusttheso-calledinconveniencethatdisplaystherichness,delicacyandgreatfascinationofChineseculturewithahistoryofthousandsofyears.（2019年浙江高考書面表達）在寫作中運用強調(diào)句型可以采取以下步驟：在一個寫好的句子中找出需要強調(diào)的成分，如主語、賓語、狀語等；根據(jù)句子的時態(tài)確定is或was；然后把要強調(diào)的成分套進句式里，Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分。例：Wecreatedaharmoniousatmospherewithsincerityandfaithfulness.如果我們要強調(diào)狀語，即withsincerityandfaithfulness，在確定好時態(tài)was后，把需要強調(diào)的部分放在itwas后，that后放除強調(diào)外的剩余成分便得到：Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.（二）強調(diào)句常用句式Itis/was+被強調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子其它成分ItisontheplaygroundthisFridayafternoonthatavolleyballgamewillbeheld.（2019全國一卷書面表達）Itwasbecauseoftheirhelpthatadisasterwasavoided.（2017年浙江高考書面表達）Is/wasit+被強調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子其它成分Wasitintheparkthatthechildrensawthestrangegreenobjects?特殊疑問詞+is/wasit+被強調(diào)的部分+句子其它成分Whenwasitthatyoumadeupyourmindtoworkasavolunteerteacher?Itis/wasnotuntilthat+句子其它成分Itwasn'tuntilhewentthroughrealhardshipthatherealizedtheloveforafamilycounts.注意：強調(diào)謂語動詞時，可以用助動詞do/does/didWedidhopetherewouldbemoremeaningfulactivitiesinthecomingfuture.（2015年北京高考）二．平衡句子的倒裝句型英語書面表達中的倒裝舉行主要包括部分倒裝和全倒裝。一般應(yīng)用文、議論文、故事續(xù)寫和文章概寫都可使用倒裝句型，可以使句子更為生動和高級?？忌綍r應(yīng)多注意和練習以下句型。1.“only+狀語”置于句首時，句子需要使用部分倒裝。Wecanhelptoconstructanenergy-savingsocietyonlywithjointefforts.Onlywithjointeffortscanwehelptoconstructanenergy-savingsociety.2?none,neither,nor,never,hardly,scarcely,barely,little,seldom等否定詞或atnotime,innoway,undernocircumstances,bynomeans,notuntil,notonly,notasingleword等表示否定意義的短語放于句首時，句子也要部分倒裝。①.Henotonlymadeapromise,butalsohekeptit.Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.②.WehadnosoonerarrivedattheactivitycenterthanwesignedupfortheWalkingContest.NosoonerhadwearrivedattheactivitycenterthanwesignedupfortheWalkingContest.3?在so/such???that???結(jié)構(gòu)中，當so/such???位于句首時，后面的從句需要考慮使用倒裝。①.Wearesoeagertowinthegamethatweshouldprepareforit.Soeagertowinthegamearewethatweshouldprepareforit.（2019全國一卷書面表達）②.Hedrovesocarelesslythathealmostkilledhimself.Socarelesslydidhedrivesocarelesslythathealmostkilledhimself.as表示盡管時，后面的形容詞、名詞、副詞等成分必須置前；though在這種情況下，是否倒裝都可以。Though/Although/Whilehewas,hestillwentonwithhisfarmwork.Exhaustedas/thoughhewas,hestillwentonwithhisfarmwork.5?虛擬語氣條件句中的“Were/Should/HadI???”倒裝句式①.Lookingback,IfeelIwouldn'tbeabletorideabikeifIhadlostheart.Lookingback,IfeelIwouldn'tbeabletorideabikehadIlostheart.②.IfIweretwoyearsyounger,Iwoulddosomething.WereItwoyearsyounger,Iwoulddosomething.以副詞there,here,away,down,off,in,out等副詞或者intheroom,onthewall等介詞短語為首時，后面的主語為名詞時，需要用全倒裝；主語若為人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。.Herearesomerelevantdetailsaboutit.（2018年全國二卷書面表達）.ThedooropenedandincameMr.Wang..Infrontoftheschoolstandsthehospital.三．委婉動聽的虛擬語氣在書面表達中，運用高階語法虛擬語氣需要注意表達的準確性。如果表達不太真實的條件或者表達要求、愿望、強調(diào)論述觀點的客觀性時，考生可以借助虛擬語氣，使書面表達更為精彩。陳述語氣變虛擬語氣：.Ididn'ttakehisadvice,soIfailedintheexam.IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Iwouldn'thavefailedintheexam..It'stimeforustotakemeasurestoprotectendangeredanimals.It'stimethatwetookmeasurestoprotectendangeredanimals.寫作中常見的虛擬語氣句式：If虛擬語氣，與過去、現(xiàn)在、將來相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeawalkintheeveningwithmyfriends.（2014安徽高考書面表達）???wish???would/haddone/were/did???希望/但愿Iwishtherewouldn'tbetoomanystudentsinaclass.?asif/asthough?與過去現(xiàn)在相反，表示“好像”Everythinginmychildhoodcrowdeduponmymindasiftheyhadjusthappened.IfonlyIcould/did/haddone?我要是??就好了IfonlyIcouldgobackandresetmygoals.（2015重慶高考書面表達）It's（high/about）time（that）?did/shoulddo?是時候??It'shightimethatbothchildrenandparentstookactiontomakesomechanges.shouldhavedone本應(yīng)該做；shouldn'thavedone本不應(yīng)該做Ishouldn'thaveleftTom.（2016浙江高考書面表達）suggest,propose,order,advise,insist,demand等賓語從句中的虛擬語氣（should）do???TomasterMandarin,IstronglysuggestyoupracticewithChinesepeople.（2015四川高考書面表達）without/butfor/butthat?含蓄型虛擬語氣，表“要不是??”Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.備考技巧2提升訓(xùn)練一．句子綜合訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)要求完成下列句子。Ididn'trealizethemistakeuntilIgrowup.（用強調(diào)句強調(diào)狀語）Thechildrencangrowuptobementallyandphysicallyhealthyonlyinthisway.（倒裝句）Thatwelovepeaceisknowntoall.（變?yōu)閕t引導(dǎo)的形式主語）Thoughourcountryisrich,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory（.將從句倒裝）Youshouldtrytofindabetterway.Thenyouwillmakegreaterprogress.改為祈使句）Weshouldtakesomemeasures.Thatisnecessary.改為Itis+adj....結(jié)構(gòu)）Iwasbusyworking.Atthattime,myunclecame.（用when連接兩個分句）Justwhentheperformanceswasover,weleftthetheatre.（用themoment連接兩個分句）Yourperformancewaswonderful.Iwasdeeplyimpressed.（用so...that...連接句子）Thetechnologyisdevelopingquickly.Wecanlivelongerinthefuture.（用with結(jié)構(gòu)連接句子）Hewonthegame.Wewereverysurprised.（用what引導(dǎo)的主語從句）Hedidn'trealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergamesuntilhefailedintheexam.（用倒裝句）13.1haven'ttime,soIwillnotattendyourparty.（用if虛擬語氣改寫）HispoemsnotonlyhaveastronginfluenceonChineseliterature,butalsotheyhavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.（notonly放句首倒裝）Wereallylookforwardtoyourparticipationbecauseit'sagoodchanceforyoutolearnthenaturalknowledgeofChina.（強調(diào)狀語）Wespendthetimeandenergyonthepresentthatmakesitvaluableratherthanthemoneywepay.（強調(diào)賓語）LookattheterriblesituationI'min.Ididn'ttakeyouradvice.（用shouldhave虛擬語氣改寫）ItwaspitythatIdidn'tfollowyouradvice.（用ifonly虛擬語氣改寫）Agroupofyoungmenrushedout,stilldiscussingtheperformancewithgreatenthusiasm.（用倒裝句改寫）Youaresokindandconsideratethatwehopetobefriendswithyouwhereveryouare.（用倒裝句改寫）題目一【答案】ItwasnotuntilIgrowupthatIrealizedthemistake．Onlyinthiswaycanthechildrengrowuptobementallyandphysicallyhealthy.Itisknowntoallthatwelovepeace.Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory.Trytofindabetterwayandyouwillmakegreaterprogress.Itisnecessarythatweshouldtakesomemeasures.Iwasbusyworkingwhenmyunclecame.Weleftthetheatrethemomenttheperformanceswasover.YourperformancewassowonderfulthatIwasdeeplyimpressed.Withthetechnologydevelopingquickly,wecanlivelongerinthefuture.Whatsurprisedussomuchwasthathewonthegame.Notuntilhefailedintheexamdidherealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames.IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendyourparty.NotonlydohispoemshaveastronginfluenceonChineseliterature,butalsotheyhavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.Itisbecauseit'sagoodchanceforyoutolearnthenaturalknowledgeofChinathatwereallylookforwardtoyourparticipationItisthetimeandenergywespendonthepresentthatmakesitvaluableratherthanthemoneywepay.LookattheterriblesituationI'min.Ishouldhavetakenyouradvice.IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice.Outrushedagroupofyoungmen,stilldiscussingtheperformancewithgreatenthusiasm.Sokindandconsiderateareyouthatwehopetobefriendswithyouwhereveryouare.二．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。請盡量使用各種句式技巧。StevewasthemostamazingpersoninallofMinneapolis,andhewasmycousin.Bytheageof19,StevewasastarbaseballplayerattheUniversityofMinnesota.Iwantedtobeexactlylikehim.SowhenSteveaskedmetogowithhimonaspringfishingtripinnorthernMinnesota,Iwasexcited!Afterplanningthetrip,wegatheredclothesandsupplies,andbeganourgreatadventure.WereachedtheSuperiorNationalForestinnorthernMinnesotabyearlyevening.Onourwaytothecampsite,Stevepointedtoasmallhousefarawayinoneofthemountains,sayingthatitwastherangerstation（護林站）wheretheforesterworked.Finally,afteralongwalk,wereachedthecampsiteandsetupthecampasthesunwassetting.Steveknewallthetricksofanexperiencedwildernesscamper.Afterwegatheredenoughwoodfromtheforest,hestartedthecampfireusingonlystoneandsteel—noParagraph2:Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.Paragraph2:Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.-driedbeef,wildriceandpeasoup.Iategreedilymatches.Forsupperwefeastedonfreezeafterallthatwork.-driedbeef,wildriceandpeasoup.IategreedilyTiredenough,weclimbedintooursleepingbagsearlyandtalkedaboutourplansforfishingthenextday.Wewerestilltalkingquietlywhenasuddennorthwindpickedup;thetemperaturedroppedanditbegantosnow.Stevefoundawaytoincreasethetemperatureinsidethetent.Hedraggedalog（原木）fromtheforesttotheoppositesideofthecampfire.Thenhewrappedaluminumfoil（鋁箔）aroundthelog.Theheatfromthefirereflectedoffthefoilandintothetent.Soonimagesoflakefishwerefillingmydreams.Thesnowhadstopped,butsometimelaterapowerfulwindmusthavekickeduptheflamesofourdyingfire.IwasabruptlyawakenedbySteve.Ourtentwasonfire.Frightened,Iranoutofthetentimmediately.ThetentcollapsedwithSteveinside.Withoutanythoughtofendangeringmyself,Ireachedintotheburningtentandpulledhimtotheicylake.Fortunately,wewerenotseriouslyhurt.注意:所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；至少使用5個短文中標有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph1:Later,aswestoodbytheburningtenttokeepwarm,weconsideredourdifficultsituation.題目二【答案】Onepossibleversion:Later,aswestoodbytheburningtenttokeepwarm,weconsideredourdifficultsituation.Ourcampsitewasinthedeepoftheforest,reallyfarawayfromthehighway.Wewereinthemiddleofnowhere,wearingonlyunderwear,withoursuppliesburntintoashes,includingourcellphones.EvenStevewasunsurewhattodonext.Theonlythingwecoulddowasjustsittinginthecoldairandwonderinghowtogetoutoftheforest.Suddenly,weheardanoiseintheforest.Anxiouslywelistenedandstaredintothedarkness.Ajeepappeared.Aforesterhadspottedthelightfromthefireandhadcometohaveacheck.IntothewarmvehiclejumpedSteveandsodidI.Thentheforesterdroveustotherangerstation,whereweweregivenclothesandwereabletocallourparents.SteveandIhadmanymorecampingadventuresfromthenon,butitwasonthistripthatStevebegantotreatmemorelikeafriendandequal,ratherthanayoungercousin.Ourfriendshiphascontinuedtothisday.豐富寫作細節(jié)的技巧手段近幾年隨著高考新寫作概寫和續(xù)寫的引入，書面表達的開放性也越來越大。如果只是做一些簡單機械的翻譯或者忙亂無章地套用模版，不僅字數(shù)可能不夠，而且會讓文章讀起來空洞生硬。因此考生平時在訓(xùn)練書面表達時，需要積累寫作材料，學(xué)會在邏輯合理的情況下適當?shù)爻鋵嵓毠?jié)內(nèi)容。一篇優(yōu)秀的書面表達，不僅要做到把話寫清楚說明白、把意思清晰完整地表達、注意行文之間的連貫和過渡外，還要用之前章節(jié)所講的內(nèi)容技巧對文章進行潤色和加工，這樣就會展現(xiàn)考生良好的遣詞造句的能力。以下是常見的幾種豐富語言細節(jié)的方法：（一）.追加成分,豐滿文句

要點基礎(chǔ)上是當?shù)卦黾雍虾踹壿嫷母郊映煞?，如定語、狀語、非謂語、獨立主格等結(jié)構(gòu)。這些可以幫助考生更清晰、準確地表達主題。這里列舉例子一二。具體寫作技巧的運用請詳見本專題的前幾期學(xué)案。以下的例子學(xué)生們可以先自己嘗試豐富細節(jié)，再看參考答案。1.添加修飾例1：Iwilltakepartinsomesocialactivities.—>Ifpossible,IwilltakepartinsomesocialactivitiessothatIcangetmorefamiliarwiththesociety.（添加狀語從句）例2：IsuggestthattheteachershouldchoosemoreEnglishfilms.TAsayoungstudent,IsuggestthattheteachershouldpickoutmoreEnglishfilmsthatappealtousteenagers,thusmakingEnglishlearningmoreamusing.（添加定語從句和非謂語動詞）例3ItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyou.（2018北京高考書面表達）TItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyou,whereyoucanbecompletelysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandabundantculture.（添加定語從句）例4：Undoubtedly,it'seasyformetocommunicatewithforeigners.（2018浙江咼考書面表達）TThereisnodoubtthatthereisnotanyproblemformetocommunicatewithforeigners.（添力口同位語從句）2.變換句式例1：Thequalityoflifehasimprovedandweregardedwatchingfilmsasagoodmeansofentertainment.（2017江辦咼考書面表達）TThequalityoflifehasimprovedandweregardedwatchingfilmsasagoodmeansofentertainment.（主動變被動）例2：Accordingtotheschool,alargenumberofpaper-cuttingworksbyexpertsthroughoutChinawillbeonshow.（2017全國二卷書面表達）—TIt'ssaidthatalargenumberofpaper-cuttingworksbyexpertsthroughoutChinawillbeonshow.（it作形式主語）例3:ThemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselvescamenext.（2018北京咼考書面表達）—TNextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.（倒裝句）例4：I'velearnedhowtobalancestudywithlifewiththehelpofmyteachers.—TIt'swiththehelpofmyteachersthatI'velearnedhowtobalancestudywithlife.（強調(diào)句）（二）.補加語句，充實內(nèi)容根據(jù)行文走向，是當?shù)卦黾右恍┡c主題相關(guān)的語句，或由要點衍生的句子，既能起到前引后聯(lián)的作用，又能補充一些相關(guān)信息，幫助內(nèi)容的消化。列舉具體的事例來補充說明例1：Ilikesportsverymuch.tIamkeenonsports,suchasbasketballandfootball.例2：Weteenagersshouldtrytoprotecttheenvironmentandsavetheearth.tWeteenagersshouldtrytoprotecttheenvironmentandsavetheearth.Forexample,wecanuserecyclablebagsinsteadofplasticones,refusedisposableproducts,plantmoretreesandsavewaterandenergy.添加與所給信息相關(guān)的神態(tài)、動作、心理描寫和寫作背景等內(nèi)容例1：Aftersupper,themanwenttohisbedroom.tAfterarichmeal,thefatmanslowlymadehiswaytohisbedroom.（神態(tài)、動作）例2：Iwentswimmingintheriverwestofthevillagenowandthen.tIwentswimmingintheriverwestofthevillagenowandthen.Thewaterintheriverwasverycrystalclear.（背景渲染）例3：Ifoundsomebadbehavior.tIwasquitedisappointedtofindsomedisgustingbehavior.（心理）結(jié)尾發(fā)揮，表達你的感受、評價、愿望、倡議等。例1：WhileIstoodallthewayhome,IfeltverycontentwithwhatIdid.例2：Frommyperspective,suchactivitiesarenecessaryandrewarding.例3：Additionally,ifshe'dliketolearnChinese,Iwillbemorethandelightedtogiveherassistance.例4：Witheveryone'scontributions,wecanturnourschoolintoacomfor