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年同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)保過(guò)班專(zhuān)項(xiàng)課程講義——閱讀2017-2-本次課內(nèi)容:PassageAccordingtotheUnitedStatesernment,peopleareclassifiedashomelessiftheyhavenoplacetostayandnoexpectationoffindingaplaceforthenextthirtydays.Althoughtechnicallyaccurate,thatisanimalassessmentofanenormousandveryhumanproblem.ThehomelesspopulationrepresentsallofusAmericans.Itincludesmenandwomen,theelderly,children,andinfants.Itsmembersarefromallethnicgroups.Whattheyhaveincommonispoverty.CurrentlyintheU.S.,thirty-ninemillionpeopleliveinpoverty.Whenmoneyisreallytight,payingtherentorbuyingfoodoften esachoice.ernmentassistanceintheformoffoodstampsdoeshelpbut,asonehomelessmanexplains,youcan’tpaytherentwithfoodstamps.Withnomoneyforrent,thestreetsandhomeless etheAlthoughmenconstitutethelargestgroupwithinthehomelesspopulation,homelesswomenwithchildrenarerapidlyjoiningthem.Infact,onequarterofthehomelesspeopleintheU.S.areteenagersandyoungchildren.Peoplemay ehomelessfornumerousreasons.However,therearecertainfactorsthatmanyoftheseindividualshaveincommon.Theyincludealackofadequateeducationandjobskills.Amajorityoftheteenagersandadultshavenotcompletedhighschool.Theabuseofalcoholanddrugsisalsoacommonfactor.Onethirdoftheadulthomelesspopulationabusesalcohol,whileonequarterofthesamegroupusesdrugs.Somemembersofthispopulationsuffermentalhealthproblems.Withinthepastseveralyearsinstitutionsforthementallyillhavebeenclosedandtheirpatientssent“home”.Unfortunay,anumberofthosepeoplehavenohometogotoandtheyareunabletoadequaylookafterthemselves.Joblossintoday’seconomyhasalso earealfactorinthelossofpeople’shomes.Thebreakupoffamiliesthroughabandonmentanddivorcearealsocontributingfactors,particularlywhentherearechildreninvolved.Theparentwhoislefttocareforthekidswithinadequate emaybeforcedtodependonthehomelessshelterstoputaroofovertheirheads.ThewriterthinksthattheU.S.ernment’sdefinitionofthehomeless aninsincereattitudetowardtheanunbearableattitudetowardtheanuncivilizedattitudetowardtheanunsympatheticattitudetowardtheThe ernmenthelpsthehomeless givingthemhomeless B.givingthemfoodC.findingjobsfor D.findingresidencesforMostofthehomelessintheU.S. A.male B.female C.the D. ehomelessforallthefollowingreasons thelackofadequate B.theabuseofalcoholandC.theclosureofinstitutionsforthementally D.thepoorperformanceofThebreakupoffamiliesislikelytoleadtohomelessnessbecauseaparentwithkids losehisorherjobintoday’s B.beunabletolookaftertheC.nothave D.findresidenceatahomelessPassageInearly2004eighttinysensorsweredroppedfromaplanenearamilitarybaseinCalifornia.Afterhittingtheground,thesensors—alsoknownassmartdustsensors—organizedthemselvesintoanetworkandquicklydetectedafleetofmilitaryvehiclesontheground.Theydeterminedthedirection,speedsizeofaseriesofmilitaryvehiclestravelingalongtheroadandlatertransmittedthedatatoacomputeratanearbybasecamp.Smartdustsensorsare puters—assmallasagrainofriceinsomecases—thatcanmonitorandevaluatetheirphysicalenvironmentandcanrelaytheinformationviawirelesscommunication.Theycanmonitorelementssuchastemperature,moisture,humidity,pressure,energyuse,vibration,light,motion,radiation,gas,andchemicals.Thesedeviceswillsoonhavemanyapplications,suchasuseemergencySoftwarehasbeendevelopedtorunthese puters.Akeyfeatureofthesoftwareistheabilityofthesensorstoautomaticallyorganizethemselvesintoacommunicationsnetworkandtalktoeachotherviawirelessradiosignals.Ifanyoneconnectionisinterrupted,thesensorswillself-correctandpasstheinformationontothenextavailableEachsensorhasachipthatdoesthecomputingwork—recordingthingsliketemperatureandmotionatitslocation.Eachsensoralsohasatinyradiotransmitterthatallowsittotalktoothersensorswithin100feetorso.Withasinglenetworkof10,000sensors—thoughttobethebiggestarray(陣列)ofsensorscurrentlypossible—youcouldcover9 andgetinformationabouteachpointalongtheway.Thescientistswhoareworkingwiththistechnologysaysmartdustsensorscanbeusedtodetectthelocationormovementofenemytroopsinareastoodangerousorremoteforsoldierstooperate.Scatteringhundredsofself-networkingsensorsfromamannedorunmannedplaneontothebattlefield,intheory,couldproducecriticalinformationandleadtostrategicadvantage.Sensorscouldalsobeusedtodetectthepresenceofchemicalweaponsandcouldgivetroopsthetimeneededtoputonprotectivegear.Smartdustsensorscandoallthefollowing givingtroopstheirprotectiveorganizingthemselvesintoacomputerdetectingthemovementofmilitaryvehiclesoperatinginremoteanddangerouswar2, thepositionofmilitary B.thepresence C.thestrengthofradio D.theamountofwatervaporintheIfconnectionbetweentwosensorsisblocked,thenetworkwill replacethesensor B.repairthesensorC.ignorethesensor D.destroythesen
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