演漏市慢寨學(xué)校高考英語(yǔ) 名詞性從句和語(yǔ)從句別知識(shí)點(diǎn)分析

漫滴州演漏市慢寨學(xué)校專題（四）名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句名詞性從句的語(yǔ)法功能：在句中充當(dāng)名詞成分,也就是說(shuō)做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ).于是就形成了主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞可分為三類：一.引導(dǎo)詞本身無(wú)詞義,在從句中無(wú)地位.這類詞只有一個(gè),that二.詞本身有詞義但在從句中無(wú)地位,如:whether,if和asif三.詞本身有詞義且在句中有地位.如:who,whom,whose,what,which,when,where,why,how例句如下:.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.上星期他突然病倒使我們都感到吃驚.（that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句）.Itdoesn'tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.你是否來(lái)關(guān)系不太大.（whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，it作形式主語(yǔ)）.Whowillgoisnotimportant.誰(shuí)要來(lái)不重要.（who引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句）.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)能去那兒.（who引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句）.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他說(shuō)課文非常重要,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)背誦下來(lái).（兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的都是賓語(yǔ)從句）.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.他什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)使大家感到吃驚.（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）運(yùn)用名詞性從句是應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句是略有區(qū)別,if不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,不能與ornot連用,不與不定式連用.賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)注意時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng),主句為與動(dòng)詞時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)當(dāng)是過(guò)去時(shí)（過(guò)去完成時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）賓語(yǔ)從句否定前移問(wèn)題:當(dāng)主句中有:Ithink（suppose,expect,believe,imagine,guess）時(shí).應(yīng)當(dāng)否定這些詞,其實(shí)就是對(duì)后面從句的否定,應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是主語(yǔ)必須是"I",其他主語(yǔ)同于一般動(dòng)詞的否定.如:Idon'tthinkyouareright.（我認(rèn)為你不對(duì).）Idon'tbelievetheywillwinthegame.（我相信他們不會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽.）Shesupposedthatwecouldn'tarrivesoearly.（他認(rèn)為我們不會(huì)到到達(dá)如此早.）同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that引用,先行詞一般為:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise.當(dāng)先行詞為是可以用其他引導(dǎo)詞.如:Everyoneknowsthefacttheearthgoesroundthesun.（眾所周知地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn).）Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.（我不知道他什么時(shí)間回來(lái).）練習(xí)找出各句中的從句并指出是何種從句don'tifIcandoit.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.That'swhatyouaregoingtodofirst.That'llbedecidedwhoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.HerecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool.答案：1.ifIcandoit賓語(yǔ)從句2Whatheisdoing主語(yǔ)從句3howwecanimproveourstudies表語(yǔ)從句howhecandomoreforthepeople介詞賓語(yǔ)從句thatshewaspretendingtobesick同位語(yǔ)從句whathesaid介詞賓語(yǔ)從句whatyouaregoingtodofirst表語(yǔ)從句whoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting賓語(yǔ)從句Whenthesportsmeetistobeheld主語(yǔ)從句thatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool同位語(yǔ)從句.把下列各句填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞1.---Couldyoutellme themanis?---Heismybrother.Ididn'tknow hewascominguntilyesterday.It'sstillaquestion weshallhaveoursports.---It'ssaidweshallhaveitnextweek.Thenews hewaschosenmadeushappy.Thedoctorasked medicineyouhavetaken.Thisis theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity.ourfootballteamwillwinisuncertainyet. frightenedusmostwas twolightsappearedsuddenlyinthedarkness.Mymotherasked wasthematterwithme.ThereasonIdidn'tcometothemeetingwas Igotill.答案：1.who2.that3.when4.that5.what6.how7.Whether8.What9.what10thatIII.翻譯下列各句.肯定他將來(lái)參加宴會(huì)。決定我們什么時(shí)候去北京了嗎？他什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)使大家都很奇怪。無(wú)疑問(wèn)史密斯先生很健康。很清楚你錯(cuò)了。.這是我們所想要的東西。我想你對(duì)。.我想知道他是否能幫助我。.天氣不是昨天那樣了。問(wèn)題是我們?cè)趺茨芡瓿扇蝿?wù)。答案：issurethathewillcometotheparty.2.IsitdecidedwhenwewillgotoBeijing.Thefactthathedidn'tsayanythingsurprisedeveryone..ThereisnodoubtthatMrSmithisingoodhealth.5.Itisclearthatyouarewrong.6.Thisiswhatwewant.7.Ithinkyouareright.I'liketoknowwhetheryoucanhelpmeornot.Theweatherisnotwhatitwasyesterday.Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetask.形容詞從句形容詞從句在句中起形容詞作用.形容詞的主要功能是作定語(yǔ),所以,形容詞從句又叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句必須有引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo),先行詞一定與引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)能代替先行詞，在從句中做成分，因此,形容詞從句又叫關(guān)系從句.形容詞從句中的引導(dǎo)詞尤為重要。一是引導(dǎo)從句，作為從句的重要標(biāo)志；二是代替先行詞;三是在從句中充當(dāng)成分。由在從句中的地位劃分,引導(dǎo)詞可分為三類:一.主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞.如:who,whom,what,that,which,as二.狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞.如:where,when,why三.定語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞.如:whose例如:1).Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.她是所有人唱歌最好的那個(gè)小女孩.引導(dǎo)詞who代替先行詞thegirl,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)..Pleasepassmethenotebookwhosecoverisred.給我書皮是紅色的那本書.引導(dǎo)詞whose代替先行詞thenotebook,在從句中作定語(yǔ)..Asteelplantisaplacewheresteelismade.鋼廠是生產(chǎn)鋼的地方.引導(dǎo)詞where與先行詞theplace有關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于intheplace,在句中作狀語(yǔ),可以理解為:steelismadeintheplace..Aseveryoneknows,heishonest.眾所周知,她很誠(chéng)實(shí).引導(dǎo)詞as代替先行詞heishonest（先行詞為一句話），在定語(yǔ)從句中作know的賓語(yǔ).需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:.先行詞為"人"時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用who,whom;whose即可代替"人"又可代替"物"，that即可指"人"又可指"物"；which指"物"或"整句"；as前面常有such或thesame.例如:1）.Iwon'ttellthemthenews,whichwillmakethemsad.我不愿意告訴他們那個(gè)消息,會(huì)使他們悲傷的.（which指物）.Bambooishollow,whichmakesthemverylight.竹子是空的,這會(huì)使他們輕.（which代替整句話：bambooishollow）.HemustbefromAfrica,ascanheseenfromskin.從皮膚上看,他一定來(lái)自于非洲.（as指全句：hemustbefromAfrica）.LiHuawasoneofthegirlswhohavethechances.李華是那些有機(jī)會(huì)的小女孩之一.（who指人）.Thatistheboywhosefatherdiedthreeyearsago.那就是三年前他爸爸死的那個(gè)小男孩.（whose指人，相當(dāng)于：theboy's）.Doyouhaveabottlewhoselidisred?你有瓶蓋是紅色的瓶子嗎?（whose指物）2.that和which都能指物，指物是可以互換，that也能指人.但下列情況必須用that.1）先行詞為all,anything,everything,nothing,something等不定代詞.2）先行詞有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾.3）先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等詞修飾.4）先行詞既有人也有物.5）以who開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句例如：Iwatchedalltheglassesthatwereonthetablefalloffontothefloor.我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上.Theparksaretheclearestparksthatyoucanimagine.這些公園是你能想象的最干凈的公園.CornwasnottheonlyfoodthatwastakentoEurope.玉米并不是被傳往歐洲的唯一食物.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他們談起所記起的人和事.以下情況時(shí)能用which前面緊接介詞時(shí).引導(dǎo)非限定從句時(shí)例如:Thisisthebookaboutwhichwearetalkingnow.這是我們正談的那本書.Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,whichhisparentsexpect.湯姆努力學(xué)習(xí)并樂(lè)于助人,這正是他父母所盼望的.練習(xí)題1.填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞Pleasepassmethenotebook coverisyellow.LiHuawasoneofthegirls havethechancetogoabroad.HemustbeformAfrica, canbeseenfromhisskin.Air,___webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.1949wastheyear theNewChinawasborn.6.Idon'tknowthereason shelooksunhappytoday.7.Thisisthevillage myfatherworkedthreeyearsago.stillremembertheday theoldscientisttookustothelabforthefirsttime..Theletter Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommysister..Thewoman yousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.答案：1.whose2.who3.as4.which5.when6.why7.where8.when9.that10.whomII.合并各組句子Thefactoryisasmallone.Thefactorystandsneartheriver.Haveyouansweredtheletter?Yougotthatlettertwoweeksago.I'llneverforgettheday.OnthatdayIjoinedtheLeague.Wearenotallowedtodoso.Tellmethereason.Theboystudentisveryyoung.Hewonthegame.Thetownhasbecomeafamouscity.Hegrewupinthetown.IspendmychildhoodinSuzhou.IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIleft.HeisleavingforWuhantomeethisdaughter.Hehasnotseenthegirlforyears.Doyouknowtheman?Hissonisafamousscientist.Myuncleboughtthebicyclelastweek.Thebicyclehasbeenstolen.答案：Thefactorywhichisasmallonestandsneartheriver.Haveyouansweredtheletterthatyoureceivedtwoweeksago?I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.Tellmethereasonwhywearenotallowedtodoso.The