被動(dòng)語態(tài),主謂一致課件

語法GRAMMAR

Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.TheSagradaFamiliawasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi.Florence’smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartists.Athensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation.TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.(1)PASSIVEVOICEGRAMMAR(1)PASSIVEVOICE

AboutamilliontouristsvisitFlorenceeveryyear.TenmillionpeoplevisitedLondonlastyear.LeonardodaVincipaintedtheMonaLisa.Picassodidn’tpainttheMonaLisa.ThousandsofworkersbuilttheGreatWallofChina.

Makethefollowingsentencespassive.GRAMMAR

(1)PASSIVEVOICEFlorenceisvisitedbyamilliontouristseveryyear.Londonwasvisitedbytenmillionpeoplelastyear.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinci.TheMonaLisawasnotpaintedbyPicasso.

TheGreatWallwasbuiltbythousandsofworkers.PassiveVoiceMoudleone語態(tài)(Voice)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。語態(tài)通常分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)(PassiveVoice)表示句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。其句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是：be+v-ed形式。動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由于語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它只表示句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，它沒有表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和方式，因此，被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式的句子，仍然有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。由于構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的行為動(dòng)詞變成了動(dòng)詞-ed形式，所

以，被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子的時(shí)態(tài)都要體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be上。1．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成be+v-ed1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+v-edYou'rewantedonthetelephone.

有人給你打電話。2）一般過去時(shí)was/were+v-edThebookwasfinishedlastweek.

這書是上周寫完的。3）一般將來時(shí)willbe+v-edYou'llbeallowedtogoouttomorrow.

明天讓你出去。4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

①

Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.

這幢樓正在建設(shè)之中。②Thebikeswerebeingrepaired.

那時(shí)正在修自行車。5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)①Thisbookhasbeentranslatedinto

English.這本書已被譯成英語。②Thecarhadbeenrepaired.

這時(shí)汽車已修完了。2．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1)

我們不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)

行者是誰(這時(shí)都不帶由by引起的短語)。

Thebookiswrittenforteachers.

這種書是為教師寫的。2)

動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心(這時(shí)可帶

由by引起的短語)。

Theshopisrunbyayoungman.

這家商店是由一個(gè)年輕人經(jīng)營的。3．學(xué)習(xí)、使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意下面幾點(diǎn)1)

短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，要保持短語動(dòng)詞的完整性，動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞切記不可遺漏。Thesebooksmustbetaken

goodcare

of.

這些書必須好好保管。Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.

孩子們受到了良好的護(hù)理。2)帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

(give,send,take,bring,teach,tell,offer,

sing,buy,promise,make,write,ask,

lend,show,pay等)將其中一個(gè)賓語變成主

語，另一個(gè)賓語作為保留賓語，或變?yōu)榻樵~

賓語，作狀語。Wegavehim

somepicture-books.→Hewasgivensomepicture-books.→Somepicture-booksweregiventohim.

我們給他一些圖畫書。3)有些動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)如：sell,wash,wear,等。Thebooksellswell.

這本書暢銷。Silkwearswell.

絲耐穿。Thisclothwasheswell.

這種布料耐洗。4)

不及物動(dòng)詞（短語）沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)如：happen,takeplace等。5）感官動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)如feel,taste,smell

等。4.Practice:1．—“TownHallisthetallestbuilding

inthecity.”

—“______fromhere?”A.Canitsee B.CanitbeseenC.Canbeseenit D.Cansee答案B。TownHall(市政廳)應(yīng)當(dāng)是被看

見，所以應(yīng)在B和C中選擇。又因這是一個(gè)

問句，故選B。2．—“Theceremonyhasalready

started.”—“Look!Theflagis______now.”A．beingraised

B．risenC．beingrose

D．raising答案A。risevi.升起，不能有被動(dòng)形式，

故B,C不能選用。raisevt.舉起，升起。

后要接賓語，故D不適用。beingraised

正在被升起，正符合題意。3．Thecrime______

millions,becausethespeechwason

television.A.wasseenby B.wassawbyC.seenby

D.wasseenfor答案A。根據(jù)題意：

犯罪行為被數(shù)百萬人所看見，故選A。4.Thethingstalkedaboutinthisreport

______overa

yearago.

A.hadtakenplace

B.tookplaceC.havetakenplace

D.weretakenplace答案B。takeplace,occur,happen發(fā)生，均為不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5．Theanti-JapaneseWar______

in

1937andit______

eightyears.A．wasbrokenout;lastedB．brokeout;lastedC．breakout;lastsD．brokeout;waslasted答案B。breakout,last均為不及物動(dòng)詞

（短語），沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6．Comeandsitdownbythefire.

Yourhand______.A．feelssocold

B．isfeltsocoldlyC．feelssocoldly

D．feelsocold答案A。feel（摸起來有……的感覺）seem,

sound,look等作為系動(dòng)詞使用，系表結(jié)構(gòu)沒

有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。7．Ineedonemorestampbeforemy

collection

______.('94)A．hascompleted

B．completesC．hasbeencompleted

D．iscompleted我所集的郵票還差一張才能成整套。答案D。before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中

用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，而collection與

complete之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。8．Insomepartsoftheworld,tea

______withmilkandsugar.('93)A．isserving

B．isservedC．serves

D．served在世界上一些地區(qū)，人們飲茶時(shí)都加牛奶

和蔗糖。答案B。本題敘述的是一般的情況，常

用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，答案可在B和C中選

擇。serve意思是“供給”或

“送上”，

此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。9．He'llbeanastronautbythetimehe

______thirty.('93)A．is

B．hadbeenC．willbe

D．isgoingtobe到他三十歲時(shí)，他就會(huì)成為一名宇航員。答案A。主句中用的是一般將來時(shí)，

bythe

time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句中用現(xiàn)

在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來。GRAMMAR

Myfamily

livesinCardiff.

Oursoccerteam

isfantastic.

Thewholeclass

ishere.

NeitherAmynorHelen

isEnglish.

Noneofthem

hasarrivedyet.

Eachofthem

hasacapitalcity.

Neitherofthem

isEnglish.(2)SUBJECTANDVERBAGREEMENTGRAMMAR

Thepolice

aresearchingforhim.

Somesheepareoverthere.

Fiveminutes

isenoughtodothisexercise.

Morethanonestudent

hasseenthisfilm.

Manyaship

hasbeendamagedinthestorm.

Menofthiskind

aredangerous.Betweenthetwowindowshangs

apicture.(2)SUBJECTANDVERBAGREEMENT主謂一致要點(diǎn)精講“主謂一致”是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語必須在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are,were,have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is,was,has,works等。1.everyoneof

oneof

eachof

eitherofneitherof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。

Eachofthestudentshasabook.

Eachofthegirls

likesdancing.

Oneofthem

hasbeenabroad.

Neitherofthetwoboys

isgoodat

English.2.

each/every/no/manya+單數(shù)名詞

and

each/every/no/manya+單數(shù)名詞

作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eachbookand

eachpaperisfound

initsplace.Everyboyand

everygirlhastheright

toreceiveeducation.Many

aboyand

manyagirlhasseen

thesepainting.Everyhourandminuteisimportant.第二個(gè)each,every,no,manya可以省略。noneof...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)全體，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)更好一些；著重個(gè)別，則用單數(shù)較好。Noneofthemoneyisyours.Noneofushave／haseverbeenabroad.3.all,none,some,any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.4.morethanone/manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。(形單意復(fù))Morethanonestudenthastried.Manyastudentandteacheriswatchingthefootballmatch.Manyamanhasdiedinthewar.5.集體名詞class,family,army,team,club,population,party,crowd,majority,audience,government,public,group,等作主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指個(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。Hisfamily

isinHarbin.Hisfamily

aremusiclovers.Thecommitteewasmadeupof10members.Thecommitteewereinthehall.1．Hisfamily_______asmallone．2．Hisfamily_______fatandshort． A.is,is B.are,are

C.is,are D.are,is此題應(yīng)選C。family是一個(gè)集合名詞，具有單數(shù)(側(cè)重指整體)和復(fù)數(shù)(側(cè)重指個(gè)體)兩種可能。6.就近原則1)由…or…,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…,not…but…

等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常和靠近的作主語的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。

Notonly

he

butalso

I

aminvited.Ior

hisbrothersweretoblame.Neither

I

nor

he

istoattendthe

meeting.Notonly

thestudents

butalso

their

teacher

isenjoyingthefilm.2)當(dāng)therebe/herebe句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。

1.

Thereisapen,aknifeandseveral

booksonthedesk..2.

Therearetwentyboy-studentsand

twenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.3.

Hereisaletterandabookforyou.4.

Therearethreechairs,twotablesand

abikeinthehouse.7.主語后跟

“with,

alongwith,togetherwith,

like,

unlike,

besides,

but,

except,

including,

aswellas,

asmuchas,

ratherthan,

morethan,

nolessthan,

andnot+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般和前面的主語保持一致。(就遠(yuǎn)原則）1.

Theteacher

withanumberofstudents

isintheclassroom.2.

Tom,asmuchasyou,wasresponsiblefortheloss.3.

He

morethanyouisanxioustogothere.8.“the＋adj./v-ed/v-ing”作主語

the+

dying,young,old,blind,rich,sick,wounded,poor及dead等詞，相當(dāng)于復(fù)數(shù)名詞，代表整個(gè)類別，故作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。TheoldinChinaarelivingahappylife.Thewounded

havebeensaved.Thesick

havebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.9.

表示時(shí)間、距離、錢額、重量、空間、體積等意義的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。

Eighthoursofsleep

isenough.

Ahundredmilesisalongdistance.

Tenpounds

wasmissingfrommypocket.Twentyyears

haspassedsincehelefthishometown.10.population做主語指人口,謂語用單數(shù)；指人的行為、居民等，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)；分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ofthepopulation做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Thepopulationofthevillageis538.Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.11.theOlympicGames,theAsianGames

做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.12.動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句做主語1).單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞或不定式作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。Makingspeeches

isnotherstrongpoint.Growingflowers

needsconstantwatering.2).

由and連接的兩個(gè)(或多個(gè))動(dòng)名詞或不定式作主語如果并列的動(dòng)名詞或不定式語義相同或相似，謂語用單數(shù)；如果語義不一致，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Lyingandstealing

arenotright.Toloveandtobeloved

issweetthing.13.

由and連接的并列成分但指的是同一概念或一個(gè)人的雙重身份時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)，但由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

The

workerandwriter

is

fromBeijing.(那個(gè)工人兼作家…)

Theworkerandthewriter

are

fromBeijing.(那位工人和那位作家)14.

a+單數(shù)名詞+andahalf,

a+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo

作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Ayearandahalfhaspassed.

Adayortwoisenough.oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,

oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Oneortwoboysknowit.OneandahalfmonthshavepassedsinceIsawhim.AmonthandahalfhaspassedsinceIsawhim.

15.“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù);“許多”“thenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)?！啊臄?shù)量”Thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasincreased.Anumberofchildren

likethissong.thequantityof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。aquantityof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。aquantityof+不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù).quantitiesof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantitiesoftea

weresoldlastmonth.Alargequantityofbeer

wassoldout.Thequantityofbooksinthelibraryisamazing.16.Quantity/iesof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞half

most

enough

part

therest

thelast

lots

some

plenty

分?jǐn)?shù)

百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞作主語謂語動(dòng)詞要和of

之后的名詞保持一致。17.Therestofthepeoplepresentare

againsttheplan.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthis

coveredbysea.Overtwentypercentofthecity

was

destroyedinthewar.Forty-fivepercentofthedoctors

were

women.Only40percentofthestudentsintheclassareboys.1.______youorhetheteacherof

English?Neithermysisternormymother

______presentatthemeeting.A.Are,wasB.Is,wereC.Are,areD.Is,isADoSomeExercises2.Whenandwheretobuildthenew

factory______yet.A.isnotdecided

B.arenotdecided

C.hasnotdecided

D.havenotdecided析:當(dāng)when和where加不定式指的是同一件事時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A3.Oneortwodays____enoughtosee

thecity．A.isB.areC.amD.be4.NeithermywifenorImyself____able

topersuademydaughtertochange

hermind．A.isB.areC.amD.be5.Nottheteacher,butthestudents

____lookingforwardtoseeingthe

film．A.isB.areC.amD.be6.His“SelectedPoems”____first

publishedin1965.A.were B.was

C.hasbeen D.havebeenB7.Awomanwithsomechildren______

soon． A.iscoming B.arecoming C.hascom