英語句子成分課件

句子成分和句子分類縮寫字母 原詞 代表詞性n. noun 名詞v. verb 動(dòng)詞vt. transitiveverb 及物動(dòng)詞vi. intransitiveverb

不及物動(dòng)詞modalv modalverb 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞aux.v. auxiliaryverb 助動(dòng)詞adj. adjective 形容詞adv. adverb 副詞num. numeral 數(shù)詞interj. interjection

感嘆詞pron. pronoun 代詞prep. preposition

介詞art. article 冠詞conj conjunction

連詞練習(xí)1.指出下列句中劃線動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞，及物填vt.，不及物填vi.1.Mostbirdscanfly.（）2.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.()3.Ithappenedyesterday.（）4.Mywatchstopped.（）5.Thebabystoppedcryingwhenhesawhismother.()6.Shespokeatthemeetingthismorning.（）7.ShallIbeginatonce?（）8.Shebeganworkingasateacheraftersheleftschool.（）（）9.WhendidtheyleaveBeijing?（）10.Theyleftlastweek.（）練習(xí)1.指出下列斜體單詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞還是助動(dòng)詞：1.Does()helike()swimming?2.Hedoes()like()swimming.3.Wheredoes()helive()?4.Hedoes()somewashingafterwork.5.Hehas()had()supperalready.6.Thebridgehas()been()built()now.7.Ihave()been()waiting()foryouallday.8.Hewas()struck()byastone.考點(diǎn)1.劃分句子成分時(shí)的常用符號(hào)英語中劃句子成分的符號(hào)主語在下面劃一直線謂語在下面劃曲線賓語在下面劃雙橫線定語在下面劃虛線（一行點(diǎn)使我們想到一排釘子，“釘”諧音為“定語”的“定”）狀語下面為短橫線（短橫線使我們想到短木樁，木樁撞（狀）鐘）補(bǔ)語上一短橫，下一短橫（下一短橫好像是為了彌補(bǔ)上面短橫間的空隙）同位語上下雙曲線，（雖都有曲折，上下位置基本相同考點(diǎn)2.主語主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng)?？梢宰髦髡Z的詞性或語法結(jié)構(gòu)：1.名詞2.代詞3.數(shù)詞4.名詞化的形容詞（如therich）5.不定式6.動(dòng)名詞7.主語從句等表示。練習(xí)1.在下面句子的主語下面劃橫線，并說出由什么充當(dāng)1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.9.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue練習(xí)2.改正下列句中的錯(cuò)誤，并說明原因1.Hefailedtheexamisthereasonwhyhedroppedout.2.Thatwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathismotherwasill.3.Beyondthemountainslieasmallvillage.4.GoneisthedayswhenIhadtogotoschoolonfoot.5.Playbasketballismyfavoritesport.6.GiveupEnglishisnotanoption.考點(diǎn)3.謂語謂語由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.Iwouldstayathomeallday.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語。如：Wearestudents.Yourideasoundsgreat.練習(xí)3.劃出下列句中的表語，并說明有什么充當(dāng)。1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2.Isityours?3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.4.Thespeechisexciting.5.Threetimessevenistwentyone.6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.7.Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.8.Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.9.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.練習(xí)4.劃出下列句中的賓語,并說明有什么充當(dāng)。1.Theyplanedmanytreesyesterday.2.(Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?)Ihavefive.3.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.4.Iwantedtobuyacar.5.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.6.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.練習(xí)5.用線劃出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語，并指出是什么詞充當(dāng)，同時(shí)體會(huì)賓補(bǔ)和賓語之間的邏輯關(guān)系。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.8.Iwantyourhomeworkdoneontime.在英語中，許多情況下，定語是放在所修飾詞后面的，這點(diǎn)與漢語習(xí)慣不同，也是許多同學(xué)不能讀懂長(zhǎng)句的主要原因。①副詞用作定語一般要后置。Peoplethereareveryfriendly.(那兒的人們)Hedidn’tlikethemandownstairs.（樓下的那個(gè)人）②形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后單個(gè)形容詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞之前，而形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后Thenextmanisascientist.Themannexttomeisascientist.（我旁邊的那個(gè)人）③介詞短語作定語時(shí)要后置TheboyunderthetreeisTom.（樹下的那個(gè)男孩）ThetallestboyinourclassisJohn.（我們班最高的那個(gè)男孩）④現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式做定語常后置Ihavesomethingtosay.(直譯：我有要說的話)Theboycryingoverthereismyclassmate.（在那邊哭的那個(gè)男孩）Thehousebuiltlastyearisimpressive.（去年建的那座房子）練習(xí)6.口頭翻譯下列句子，用下劃線標(biāo)出定語部分，留意定語的位置，并說明定語是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。1.TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother.3.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.4.Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.5.It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollar.6.It’sacityfarfromthecoast.7.Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.8.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.9.Therearelotsofplacesofinterestneedingrepairinginourcity.Tigersbelongingtomeat-eatinganimalsfeedon修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.(寫地認(rèn)真，走地慢，修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞，作狀語)Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語）Herunsveryslowly.（修飾副詞slowly,因此very是副詞，做狀語）Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.（修飾整個(gè)句子用副詞，做狀語）1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.3.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.4.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.5.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.8.Theboyneedsapenverymuch.9.Theboyreallyneedsapen.10.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.11.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.12.Iamtallerthanheis.13.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.14.OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.15.Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位語，都是指同一批‘學(xué)生’）Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位語，都指同樣的‘我們’）It’sgoodtousstudents.練習(xí)8.選擇正確答案，并口頭說出句中那個(gè)是同位語1.Theyoungman,___,worksintheoffice.A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.me2.OurEnglishteacher,___,oftenhelpsuswithstudy.A.Mrs.WangB.Mrs.WangsC.Mrs.Wang's.D.ofhim3.___,somerailwayworkers,arebusyrepairingthetrain.A.ThemB.HeC.TheyD.Theirs1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.1.改正下列句子的改錯(cuò)。①Doexerciseeverydayisgoodforyourhealth.②Thatwhathesaidisn’ttrue.③Hecamelatemadehisteacherangry.④Onthedeskistwobooks.⑤Gotoakeycollegeismydream.IlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.IlikeEnglishandmyEnglishisverygood.AsIlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.IlikeEnglish;myEnglishisgood.IlikingEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.2.用劃出下列句中的后置定語，并指出是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)?shù)蘑賂hereisnothingtodotoday.②Thesmilingboyneedsthepenboughtbyhismother.③Therearefiveboysleft.④Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.⑤HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.⑥Theshopclosesttomyhouseisaboutonekilometeraway.⑦Heisnotamaneasytodealwith.⑧Atyphoonsweptacrosstheareawithheavyrainsandwindsasstrongas113milesperhour.⑨Studentsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.⑩Thereisonlyoneprogramworthwatchingtoday.3.用雙橫線分別劃出下句中的間接賓語和直接賓語。①IwillbringyouthebookwhenIcomenexttime.②Heaskedtherulerwhyonlythefourrichmenblewtrumpets.③Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.④Sheshowedusmanyofherpictures.⑤Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.4.分析下列句子成分，體會(huì)賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，