英美文學杰弗里喬叟GeoffreyChaucer

GeoffreyChaucerPositionofGeoffreyChacuera.thefatherofEnglishpoetryb.thefatherofEnglishfictionc.theforerunnerofEnglishrenaissanced.oneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEnglande.thefirstpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguagef.thefirstEnglishrealisticpoet21357年做宮廷侍童，1359年參加對法作戰(zhàn)時被俘，翌年由國王贖回，1361年-1367年在內(nèi)殿法學協(xié)會受訓，1366年與王后寢宮的女官結婚，此后多次代表愛德華三世出使歐洲大陸，到過比利時、法國、意大利等國，有機會遇見薄伽丘與彼特拉克，這對他的文學創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。1374年，喬叟任倫敦毛皮關稅管理員，1382年兼任酒類及其它商品的關稅管理員。1385年，喬叟任肯特郡治安法官，第二年被選為該郡騎士代表出席議會下院。1389年理查德親政后，喬叟又先后擔任過王室建筑工程主事和薩默塞特王室森林副主管。喬叟在庇護者失寵期間，被剝奪了官位和年金，經(jīng)濟拮據(jù)。他曾寫過打油詩《致空囊》給剛登基的亨利四世，申訴自己的貧窮。1400年喬叟逝世，安葬在倫敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“詩人之角”(Poet'sCorner)，他也是第一位葬于此的詩人。BriefIntroduction3Chaucer’sliterarycareercanbedividedintothreeperiodscorrespondingwiththoseofhislife.

(a)Frenchinfluence

(1360-1372)(b)Italianinfluence(1372-1386)(c)Englishinfluence(1387-1400)LiteraryCareer4Frenchinfluence(1360-1372)RomanceoftheRose《玫瑰傳奇》trans.TheBookoftheDuchess（1369）《悼公爵夫人書》5(b)Italianinfluence(1372-1386)HewasespeciallyinfluencedbyDanteandBoccacio.Inthisperiod,hechieflyusedthe“heroic”stanzaofsevenlines.TheParliamentofFowls(1380)《百鳥議會》TroilusandCriseyde(1372-1384)《特羅勒斯與克麗西德》

TheHouseofFame(1379-1384)《聲譽之堂》TheLegendofGoodWomen(1386)《貞節(jié)婦女的傳說》

Filostrato《愛的摧殘》trans.(Boccaccio薄伽丘Italy)

TheConsolationofPhilosophy《哲學的慰籍》

trans.(Boethius

波伊提烏，Roman)6(c)Englishinfluence(1387-1400)

ComplainttoHisEmptyPurse(1399)《致空囊》TheCanterburyTales(1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》(Masterpiece)7TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集

ChaucergreatlycontributedtothefoundingoftheEnglishliterarylanguage,thebasisofwhichwasformedbytheLondondialect,soprofuselyusedbythepoet.8Thefirstcharacter,

travelingwithhissquire侍從andyeoman仆人,isaknight騎士

whorepresentsthenobility貴族:

“Hewasaveryparfit,gentleknight.”

9Theleaderofthereligiousgroup

isaPrioress女修道院副院長,whospeaksFrenchwell

andhasperfecttablemanners.10ThefavoriteofEnglishteachersisthe“clerk,”orstudent,whospendsallhislittlebitofmoneyonbooksinsteadoffood.11Themostvigorous有力的；精力充沛的characteris

thelarger-than-life

WifeofBath12Thecrudest粗野的，缺乏教養(yǎng)的characteristheMiller磨坊主；碾磨工13PrologueThePrologue開場isasplendidmasterpieceofrealistic

portrayal,thefirst

ofitskindinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.FromthePrologue,wecanseethatChaucerisatalentedportraitpainter.EachofthepilgrimsornarratorsispresentedvividlyinthePrologue.ThepilgrimsarepeoplefromvariouspartsofEngland.Theyaretherepresentativesofvariouswalksoflifeandsocialgroups,withvariousinterests,tastesandpredilections.14PrologueThepilgrimsrangefromtheknight,thesquire,theprioress,throughthelandedproprietorandwealthytradesman,downtothedrunkencookandhumbleplowman.Therearealsomonks,nunsandpriests.Andtherearealsodoctors,alawyer,asummoner,asailor,amillerandOxfordscholar.WithafeelingofsympathyChaucerdescribestheClerk,apoorphilosopherwhospendsallhismoneyonbooks.AmongthepilgrimsthereisaWifefromthetownofBath,agailydressedmiddle-agedwidow,whohopestofindahusbandinCanterbury.15PrologueEachofthenarratorsrevealshisorherownviewsandcharacter.Chaucercreatedastrikingbrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhistimeandhiscountry.AndthusChaucer’srealism,trenchantironyandfreedomofviewsreachedahighlevelofpower.ItisnoexaggerationtosaythattheProloguesuppliesaminiatureoftheEnglishsocietyofChaucer’stime.Lookingathispicturegallery,weknowatoncehowpeoplelivedinthatera.SoChaucerwaspraisedas“thefatherofEnglishrealism”.16HeroicCouplet英雄雙韻體

Definition:

Itreferstoapairofrhymedlinesofverseofequallengthwithnosyllablesand5stressesineachline.(pentameter

couplet)

E.g.AthousandtimeshaveIheardmentelleThatthereisjoyeinhevenandpeyneinhelle(alliterativeverse----metricalform)

laidthefoundationoftheEnglishtonico-syllabicverse17英雄雙韻體

(HeroicCouplet)

英雄雙韻體(HeroicCouplet)是一種英國古典詩體，由喬叟首創(chuàng)。由十音節(jié)雙韻詩體演化而來，每行五個音步,每個音步有兩個音節(jié),第一個是輕音,第二個是重音.句式均衡、整齊、準確、簡潔、考究。拿四行詩的押韻方式為例，有abab型，有abcb型，有abba型，有aabb型，還有aaab型。第四種（aabb型）實際上是雙行押韻，英語稱之為couplet,如果每行五音步，則稱之為“英雄雙韻體”。18WheninAprilthesweetshowersfall,AndpiercethedroughtofMarchtotherootandallTheveinsarebathedinliquorofsuchpower,Asbringsabouttheengenderingoftheflower,

夏雨給大地帶來了喜悅，送走了土壤干裂的三月。沐浴著草木的絲絲莖絡，頓時萬花盛開，生機勃勃。19WhenalsoZephyruswithhissweetbreath,Exhalesanairineverygroveandheath-Uponthetendershoots,andtheyoungsunHishalf-courseinthesignoftheRamhasrun,西風輕吹，留下清香縷縷，田野復蘇，吹出芳草綠綠；碧藍的天空騰起一輪紅日青春的太陽灑下萬道金輝。20AndthesmallfowlaremakingmelodyThatsleepawaythenightwithopeneye(sonaturepricksthemandtheirheartengages)

小鳥的歌喉多么清脆優(yōu)美，迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡—21MyownViewsChaucer’spoetryisplainlynarrative.Everythingisbasedonr