中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)社區(qū)-八上英語unit

Gettingready

StudyskillsCulturecornerModule1AmazingthingsOxfordEnglishUnit

1EncyclopaediasGettingreadyWhatdoesHithinkLoisprobablydoing?Infact,whatisLodoing?WhatwillHiprobablyfeelwhenhelearnsthatLoisstandingonhisencyclopaedia?Lookatthecartoonandanswerthequestions.HethinksthatLoisprobablyreadinghisencyclopaedia/islookingforsomeinformationinhisencyclopaedia.Heisstandingontheencyclopaediatochangealightbulb.Hewillprobablyfeelangry/unhappy.

HowlongdoesittakefortheMoontogoroundtheEarth?A.28days.B.29days.C.30days.D.31days.2.WhopaintedtheworkImpression,Sunrise?A.DaVinci,Leonardo.B.VanGogh.[v?n?g??]C.Monet.[m?'n?t]D.Picasso.[p?'kɑ:s??]Aquiz3.Whichmountainisthehighestintheworld?A.TheHimalayas.B.MountFuji.C.TheNile.D.TheAlps.4.Whicharethelargestanimalsintheworldnow?A.whales.B.dinosaurs.C.elephants.D.crocodiles.5.Whichanimalscan’tbeseenonearth?A.pandas.B.monkeys.C.kangaroos.D.dinosaurs.6.Whatistheshortformoftheorganizationthatprotectsanimals?A.WTO.B.APEC.C.UN.D.SPCA.SocietyforthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimals愛護(hù)動(dòng)物協(xié)會(huì)WorldTradeOrganizationAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationAnencyclopaediaisacollection(usuallyabookorasetofbooks)ofinformationaboutthingshumansknow.Encyclopaedia<Br>=encyclopedia<Am>Doyouhaveanencyclopaedia?Haveyoueverreadanencyclopaedia?an

encyclopaediaWhatisTheEncyclopaediaBritannicaisaworld-famousencyclopaedia.ItistheoldestEnglish-languageencyclopaedia.Thefirsteditionwaspublishedin1768,andsincethentherehavebeen15editions.The15theditionismadeupof32volumes.Togethertheycontainabout40millionwordsonhalfamilliontopics.TodaythereisaDVDeditionoftheBritannica.Youcanalsofinditonline.Culturecorner中國歷史上的百科全書《太平御覽》（北宋，共10000卷）《永樂大典》（明，共22937卷）《中國大百科全書》（現(xiàn)代，中國第一部大型綜合性百科全書，有多種版本。）[br??t?nik?][?v?lju:m]Readthearticleandanswerthequestions.WhatistheEncyclopaediaBritannica?Besides15printededitions,doestheEncyclopaediaBritannicahaveothereditions?Whatarethey?Itisaworld-famousencyclopaedia.ItisalsotheoldestEnglish-languageencyclopaedia.Yes,itdoes.ThereisaDVDeditionandanonlineedition.subjectallkindsofsubjectsEncyclopaediaBritannica《不列顛百科全書》，又稱《大英百科全書》，被認(rèn)為是當(dāng)今世界上最知名也是最權(quán)威的百科全書，英語世界俗稱的ABC百科全書之一，也是世界三大百科全書（美國百科全書、不列顛百科全書、科利爾百科全書）之一.TheFirstEditionVolumeReadthefirstparagraphofthearticleandexplainwhateachnumbermeans.1768—15—32—40,000,000—500,000—In1768,thefirsteditionwaspublished.Therehavebeen15editionsoftheEncyclopaediaBritannicasofar.The15theditionismadeupof32volumes.The15theditioncontainsabout40millionwords.The15theditioncontainshalfamilliontopics.topicThesubjectsintheEncyclopaediaBritannicaarearrangedin____________order.StudyskillsalphabeticalAInwhichvolumescanyoufindinformationaboutthefollowingtopics?Writethecorrectvolumenumbersintheblanks.Brains _________Seas _________Computers _________Weather _________France _________Pandas _________VOL.1VOL.6VOL.1VOL.7VOL.2VOL.5abcdScienceMusic

HistoryNatureHowmanysubjectsarethere?Whatsubjectdoeseachencyclopaediacover?Four.1Elephants_____2Sound_____3TheStoneAge_____4Opera_____5Pianos_____6Light_____7QinShihuang_____8Trees_____BInwhichoftheencyclopaediasbelowcanyoufindinformationonthefollowingtopics?Writethecorrectlettersintheblanks.abcdda/bcbbacdLookatthepictureofanencyclopaediaonpage14andchoosethebestanswers.1.Besidesthesubjectsandpicture,wecanalsofind______onpage358.A.volumesB.aguidewordC.similarsubjectsTheguidewordonthispageis______.A.ViolinB.ViolinistC.ViolistWecanlookformoreinformationonVioloncellofromthesubject“________”.A.ViolistB.ViolinC.CelloIfwewanttofindinformationonthedifferentsizesofviolins,thekeywordforustolookforis_______.A.violinB.sizesC.musicThisistheguidewordatthetopofeachpage.Thesubjectsareusuallyinalphabeticalorder.Sometimesanencyclopaediatellsuswheretolookformoreinformationonasimilarsubject.1Findinformationondogs.____________2Findinformationontheinventionofnumbers.____________3TalkaboutfestivalsinChina.____________4Writeapassageonthehistoryofcomputers.____________CBelowaresomeinstructions.Whichwordineachinstructiontellsyouwhichtopictolookupinanencyclopaedia?dogsnumbers/mathsfestivals/ChinacomputersWhatcanwelearnfromencyclopaedias?Wecanlearninformationondifferentsubjectsfromencyclopaedias.Sometimesanencyclopaediamayincludeseveralbooks.Whatiseachbookcalled?Avolume.Howarethesubjectsinanencyclopaediaarranged?Inalphabeticalorder.Whatcanwefindatthetopoftheeachpage?Aguideword.Howmanyvolumesarethereintheencyclopaediaonpage14?Seven.Whatsubjectsdotheencyclopaediasonpage15cover?Science,Music,HistoryandNature.百科全書常見的種類有：按涵蓋的主題分:綜合性/專業(yè)性按數(shù)量分:多卷本/單卷本

百科全書常見編排方式按字母表順序依次排列，并分成若干卷，每卷包含若干個(gè)字母開頭的主題內(nèi)容(P14插圖)《大英百科全書》就是這種。按照學(xué)科分類編排(見教材P15練習(xí)B中的插圖)在查找百科全書時(shí)，可按照一定的主題查找。在查閱時(shí)，必須弄清所要查找的對(duì)象，即關(guān)鍵信息。如：想了解世界博覽會(huì)的歷史，可在百科全書中查詢Expo的條目。Expo就是我們經(jīng)常所說的關(guān)鍵信息。有時(shí)，關(guān)鍵信息可能有多個(gè)，如FindinformationonthescientistsinAmerica既可以查詢scientists的條目。有時(shí)我們想查詢某一個(gè)條目時(shí)，在百科全書中并不一定能找到相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。此時(shí)需要查找上一級(jí)主題。如：若在百科全書中找不到tennis的條目，就應(yīng)到sport條目中去查詢，因?yàn)閟port是tennis的上一級(jí)主題。C1Thewordsinitalicsarefromthefirstarticleonpage3.Circlethecorrectanswerstocompletethesesentences.Whensomebodyis

born,he/she_______.acomesoutofhis/hermother’sbodybgoestoseeadoctorcleaveshis/herparentsBenny’sgrandparentslivedinthecountryside.Theylive_______thecity.ainsideboutsidecinthecentreof3Birdshaveamusicalability.They_______sing.acanbcannotcarehappytoThebookincludessomebeautifulphotos.Thesephotosare________thebook.apartofbattheendofcconnectedtoVocabularyCirclethecorrectanswertocompletethissentence.5Ahumanbeingisa(n)_______.aanimalbmachinecpersonVocabularyC2Completethearticlebelowwiththewordsfromthebox.Changetheirformsifnecessary.notebookinventionsscientistHoweverPerhapsevenReadingModule1AmazingthingsOxfordEnglishUnit

1EncyclopaediasCompletethetablebelow.BackgroundknowledgeSubjectinformationonDaVinci,LeonardoArt

DinosaursEarth

historyReadthetitleandtheintroductiononpage3.Thenanswerthequestions.Inthetitle,whatdoesthephrase“l(fā)ookup”mean?【lookup仰視，向上看】Whatdoesthepronoun“it”inthetitlereferto?Itmeanstolookforinformationaboutsomethinginadictionaryoranencyclopaedia.Itreferstoinformation.YouaregoingtoreadashortarticleaboutLeonardodaVincifromanencyclopaedia.Beforeyoustart,trythequizbelow.Circlethecorrectanswers.Therecanbemorethanoneanswer.1LeonardodaVinciwasa(n)_______.apainterbengineerccook2LeonardodaVinciwas_______.aFrenchbEnglishcItalian3LeonardodaVincipainted_______.

aSunflowersbTheLastSuppercImpression,SunriseWhatdoyouknowabout…?VanGogh,DutchMonet,FrenchLookatthepicturesandthetitleofthefirstarticleonpage3.Thenanswerthequestionsbelow.BeforeyoureadWhatisthepaintinginPicturea?Whopaintedit?LeonardodaVinciTheMonaLisa/aWhatisDaVinciknownas?anartisttheMonaLisaTheLastSupperDaVinci’sachievementsapainteraninventoramusicianascientistanengineer/DaVinci’snotebookWhatisDaVinciknownas?AboutDaVinciachievementsyearofbirthyearofdeathchildhoodpainterinventormusicianengineerscientistcontributions15191452birthplacecountryside,

Italyshowedgreatintelligence

and

artistic

abilityadulthoodlearnttodomanydifferentthingsmanyinventionsfamouspaintingsLeonardo

daVinci/Readthefirstarticleandcompletethespidergram.MonaLisaLookitup!DaVinci,LeonardoLeonardodaVinci(1452—1519)wasanItalianpainter,inventor,musician,engineerandscientist.DaVinciwasborninthecountryside.Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.Hispaintingsareveryfamous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingintheworld.Healsohadmanyinventions.Forexample,hisnotebooksincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachines.(SeeArt)/MakeaspidergramaboutWaltDisney.yearofbirthyearofdeath?achievementsbirthplaceWaltDisneyWhendidhedie?Wherewasheborn?Whenwasheborn?Whatdidhedo?Whatdidheachieve?…h(huán)isjob4Todayyoucanfinddinosaurs_______.ainzoosbinmuseumsceverywhere5WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?aDinosaursoncelivedonEarth.bAlldinosaurswereverybig.cSomedinosaurscouldfly.

Youaregoingtoreadashortarticleaboutdinosaursfromanencyclopaedia.Beforeyoustart,trythequizbelow.Circlethecorrectanswers.Whatdoyouknowabout…?BeforeyoureaddinosaursWhataretheanimalsinPictureb?Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?bLookatthepictureandthetitleofthesecondarticleonpage3.Thenanswerthequestionsbelow.DinosaursusedtoliveonEarth,butallofthemsuddenlydiedout.Nobodyknowswhy.AboutdinosaursLookatthepicturesbelow.Whendiddinosaurslive?Over_____________yearsbeforehumanbeings.Wherediddinosaurslive?___________onEarth.Howbigwerethey?Somewere_____________chickens.Otherswere___________tenelephants.Whatdidtheyeat?Manyofthemate_______.Someate______.Howdidtheydieout?Theyall_________diedout.Whydidtheydieout?_____________

why.Howcanpeoplelearnaboutdinosaurs?Fromtheir_________.

sixtymillionEverywhereassmallasasbigasmeatplantssuddenlyNobodyknowsfossilsListenandcompletethetable.Thentalkaboutdinosaursaccordingtothetableinpairs.ReadthearticleDinosaursDinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.TheylivedeverywhereonEarth.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.Somecouldevenfly.Manydinosaursateplants.However,somedinosaurslikedtoeatmeat.DinosaurslivedonEarthformorethan150millionyears.Then,suddenly,theyalldiedout.Nobodyknowswhy.However,wecanlearnaboutthemfromtheirfossils.(SeeEarthhistory)Lookitup!D1Belowaresomenotesaboutthefirstencyclopaediaarticleonpage3,butsomeofthefactsarewrong.Readthearticleandcorrectthenotesifnecessary.countrysideinventionsComprehension2DinosaursaTheylivedonEarthmorethan60thousandyearsbeforehumanbeings.bSomeweresmall;otherswerehuge.cAllofthematemeat.dSlionSomeTheyallComprehensionComprehensionD2Readthearticlesagainandcompletetheanswerstothequestionsbelow.anItalianpainter,inventor,musician,engineerandscientisttheMonaLisaplantsmeatmorethan150millionyearsfromtheirfossilsComprehensionD3Discussandanswerthequestionsbelowwithyourclassmates.1.WhatdoyouknowaboutLeonardodaVinci?2.Whydidthedinosaursdieoutsuddenly?1.DaVinciwasborninthecountryside.bebornin后面常跟年份、地點(diǎn)；注意介詞的用法:接地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)用介詞in,接時(shí)間名詞時(shí)用介詞on或者in;Johnwasbornin2010/inSeptember.PeterwasborninShanghaion1October,1997.Tomwasbornonacold/hotmorning.*對(duì)beborn后面的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)提問時(shí)用whenandwhere-Whenandwherewereyouborn?-IwasborninChinain1988.LanguagepointsInthecountryside=inthecountry在農(nóng)村，在鄉(xiāng)下countryside為不可數(shù)名詞。WhenIwasten,Ilivedinthecountrysidewithmygrandparents.2.Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.showv.show(an)interestin對(duì)…感興趣showoff炫耀n.展覽beonshow=beondisplayAlotofoldthingswillbeonshowinthemuseum.(2)fromanearlyage從小=whensb.wasveryyoungartisticability藝術(shù)才能(3)abilityn.才能，能力，表示“能力”時(shí)，多為不可數(shù)名詞；表示“才能，能干”時(shí)，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式abilities.Heisamanofmanyabilities.[amanoffewwords]Ithinkhehastheabilitytodoit.ableadj.有才能的-abler-ablestbeableto/cana.beableto強(qiáng)調(diào)通過努力而獲得的能力；can則強(qiáng)調(diào)自身已具有的能力。ShecansingthesongsinEnglish.HewillbeabletosingthissonginEnglishinafewminutes,too.b.beableto強(qiáng)調(diào)一種結(jié)果，而can只強(qiáng)調(diào)一種可能。Luckily,hewasabletoescapefromthebigfireintheend.Ifhegotthereafewhoursearlier,Icouldsavehim.c.beableto可以有各種時(shí)態(tài)，而can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)。Heis/was/willbeabletohelpyou.指過去某時(shí)或者某刻設(shè)法做成某事，不用could,而用was/wereableto.Italkedwithherforalongtime,andeventuallyIwasabletomakeherbelieveme.d.can用于表示可能性，推測，允許等情況，而beableto通常不能這樣用。Youareabletousemypen.(×)Youcanusemypen.(√)e.can有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為人或物皆可；beableto只接不定式的主動(dòng)形式，不接表示被動(dòng)的不定式，也不可用無生命的名詞做主語。Theworkisabletobedonebyhim.(×)Heisabletodothework.(√)

Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.Ashegrewolder…隨著年齡的增長…growolder逐漸長大Ashegrewolder,hebegantoknowheshouldhelphismotherwithsomehousework.as“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”，astimegoesby隨著時(shí)間的流逝Astimegoesby,whatarethechancesoffindingakidnappedchildalive?(2)learntodosth.=studytodosth.WheredidyoulearntospeakEnglish?learn/studylearn側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)的成果，從不會(huì)到會(huì)的學(xué)習(xí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過學(xué)習(xí)去獲得知識(shí)和技能，它沒有憑勤奮努力而獲得知識(shí)的意味。亦可指向某人學(xué)習(xí)，從某處學(xué)習(xí)及學(xué)習(xí)一門技能等。如learnmusic,learnnewwords,learntoskate,learnfromexperience,learnfromLeiFengstudy強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)的過程，指深入系統(tǒng)地學(xué)習(xí)，帶有努力勤奮之意。學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)象往往是科學(xué)，藝術(shù)和需要深入探討，研究的問題及學(xué)科，不是單純地獲得技巧。如：studymedicine,studyscience,studyamap,studyengineering,studypainting。下列句子中的learn和study均不能互換：Ifyou_______hard,you'll______thelanguagewell.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你會(huì)把這門語言學(xué)好。He_______traditionalChinesemedicinefromafamousChinesedoctor.他跟隨一位著名的中國醫(yī)生學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)。She_______lateatnight.她晚上學(xué)習(xí)到很晚。(3)grow作系動(dòng)詞“變得”，表示漸漸成為某種新的狀態(tài)，后面跟形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Asthepopulationgrowslarger,theworldseemstogetsmaller.Itisgrowingwarm.studylearnlearnedstudied…,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingintheworld.befamous/well-knownfor是“因……而聞名”。themostfamouspainting意為“最有名的畫作”,這是一個(gè)含有形容詞最高級(jí)的短語。Hangzhouisfamousforitsscenery.painting/drawing/picturedrawing指素描畫、工程圖、線條圖、鉛筆畫、鋼筆畫等；picture指圖片、圖畫、照片等。指照片時(shí)，與photo意義相同。painting指著色的水彩畫、油畫等；

Canyoushowmeyourson’sdrawing?Youcanseefourpicturesonthewall.Thereisabigpaintinginthesittingroom.Forexample,hisnotebookincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachines.forexample在句子中可放在開頭，也可以作為插入語放在句中，甚至可以放在句尾。flyingmachine飛行器[此處是動(dòng)名詞做定語]類似的還有：awalkingstickaswimmingpoolasleepingbagthecomingholidayDinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.morethan=over多于nomorethan=just僅僅notmorethan不多于，不超過morethanone+單數(shù)名詞“不止一個(gè)…”，這一結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Morethanoneboyknowshowtoplaythecomputergames.more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone“不止一個(gè)…”，但是這一結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Morestudentsthanonewereabsent.

Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.as...as

意為“和……一樣”，表示兩者在某些方面的程度相當(dāng)，即同級(jí)比較。使用時(shí)要注意，第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞，中間用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。Mybagisasheavyasyours.[adj.]

Herunsasfastashiselderbrother.[adv.](2)若有修飾成分，如twice/threetimes等，則需置于第一個(gè)as之前。Yourbagistwiceasexpensiveasmine.(3)as…aspossible=as…assb.can盡可能Pleaseanswermyquestionsassoonaspossible.=Pleaseanswermyquestionsassoonasyoucan.(2)some…others…意為“有的……有的……，有些……有些……”。有些人喜歡足球，有些人喜歡排球。Somepeoplelikefootball.Otherslikevolleyball.some…theothers一些…其余所有…(theothers表示剩下的所有)Therearemanychildrenonthebeach.Somecanswimbuttheotherscan’t.However,somedinosaurslikedtoeatmeat.however然而/但是,可位于句首/句中/句末。位于句首時(shí)，其后用逗號(hào)；位于句中時(shí)，其前后均用逗號(hào)；位于句末時(shí)，其前用逗號(hào)。However,thisdoesnotalwayshappen.Shefallsill.Shegoestowork,however,andstaysuplate.Hesaysthatitisso.Heiswrong,however.Helikesmusic.However,hiswifedoesn’t.=Helikesmusic,buthiswifedoesn’t.however還可以做連詞，表示”無論以何種方式，不管怎樣”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。=nomatterhow…Youcantravelhoweveryoulike.HoweverIapproachedtheproblem,Icouldn’tfindaway.however/buthowever副詞意為“然而”，給出意料之外的信息或者轉(zhuǎn)換話題，轉(zhuǎn)折意味較弱。位于句首/句中/句末后面常用逗號(hào)but轉(zhuǎn)折連詞意為“但是”，有明顯的對(duì)比，轉(zhuǎn)折意味較強(qiáng)位于分句的句首后面不常用逗號(hào)Somecouldevenfly.evenadv.甚至，主要用于加強(qiáng)語氣，可修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)等；Evenhedoesn’tknowthesecret.Theboyiseventallerthanhissister.evenif=eventhough即使