講義課件分析

管理類專業(yè)聯(lián)考英語模擬試卷考生須 太奇2015年管理類專業(yè) Section UseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)AfewhistoriansholdthatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEisenhower'spresidency(總統(tǒng))inthe1950swastheU.S.interstatehighwaysystem.Itwasa1project,easilysurpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman2asthePanamaC.Eisenhower'sinterstatehighways3thenationtogetherinnewwaysand4majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless5.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt—anelectronicnetworkthat6libraries,corporations,ernmentagenciesand7.ThiselectronicsuperhighwayiscalledtheInternet,8itisthebackboneoftheWorldWideTheInternethadits ina1969U.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,which AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork.ThePentagonbuiltthenetworkformilitarycontractorsanduniversitiesngmilitaryresearchto11information.In1983theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),12missionistopromotescience,tookThisnewNSFnetwork13moreandmoreinstitutionalusers,manyof14hadtheirowninternalnetworks.Forexample,mostuniversitiesthat15theNSFnetworkhadintra-campuscomputernetworks.TheNSFnetwork16becameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.17abackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,internetwasanamethatfit.SowecanseethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructureonwhichweb18move.Itbeganasamilitarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoaernment-fundedToday,theInternetisauser-financedsystemtyinginstitutionsofmanysortsan"information1.[A][D]2.[A][B][C][D]3.[A][B][C][D]4.[A][B][C][D]5.[A][C][D]6.[A][D]7.[A][B][C][D]8.[A][B][C][D]9.[A][B][D]10.[A]stood[B]stood[C]stood[D]stood11.[A][D]12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][D]14.[A][B][C][D]15.[A][C][D]16.[A][B][C][D]17.[A][B][C]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A][D]20.[A][B][C][D]Section ReadingDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Transportinglargecontainersisnotasglamorous(充滿的)asmakingfi ,butshipis ngmorethanHollywoodtoboostsouthernCalifornia’seconomythesedays.TheadjacentportsofLosAngelesandLongBeach,alreadythetwobiggestinthecountry,aregrowingquicklythankstotradewithChina.Theyareagiantjob-creatingengine,stimulatingindustrialandwarehouseemploymentonascalenotseenintheregionsincetheriseoftheaerospaceindustryafterWorldWarII.Sadly,likemostengines,theyaredirty.Theportsthemselvesreckontheyareresponsibleforabout12%ofallthedieselparticleemissionsand45%ofthesulphuroxides(硫磺氧化物)insouthernCalifornia.Carriedeastbyprevailingwinds,suchpollutantshelptocreatesomeofAmerica’sworstairmorethan50inland.Thosewholiveclosetothefreeways(高速公路leadingoutoftheportssufferthemost.Researchershavefoundthatchildrenlivingwithinafewhundredmetersofsuchroadsarenotonlymorelikelytosufferfromasthmaadiseaseofthebreathingsystemandcharacterizedbycoughing.Theyactuallyhavesmallerlungs.Themostambitiousefforttocontrolpollution,theonethatmayaffectthelocaleconomymostdrastically,involvestruckers.Some16,000lorries(卡車)currentlyhaulcontainersbetweenshipsandwarehouses,mostofwhomareownedbyHispanicimmigrants.Thedriversputinlonghours:13adayisnotunusual,accordingtoasurvey.Theyearn,onaverage,justunder$35,000ayear.Suchjobs,likemanyconnectedtotheport,areanimportantstep-stoneonthepathtothemiddleclass.Theportswanttoremovetheoldesttrucksandgraduallyupgradetheotherssothatwithinfiveyears,thefleetemitsfour-fifthslesspollutionthanatpresent.Tohelppayforthis,theyintendtolevy(征收)afeeof$34to$54onevery“dirty”vehicleenteringtheport.Mostimportant,theywanttoturnalargeunwieldynetworkofindependentcontractorsintoamoreorderlygroupofcompaniesoperatingconcessions,ashappensinanairport.Weneedtohavemorecontrol,”explainsGeraldineKnatz,theheadofLosAngeles’port.Thereformsdononethelessposeathreattotheports’competitiveness.Atpresent,thetruckerswhoworkatthedocksareprice-takers,notprice-setters.Becausetheyarelittlebargainingpower.Allthatcouldquiteeasilychangeiftheywereto etheemployeesofafewlargefirms.Indeed,themostenthusiastic efortheports’planshascomenotfromenvironmentalgroupsbutfromtheTeamsters’WhatisthepassagemainlytheconsequencesofshipindustryinsouthernthecausesofpollutionalongthecoastofsouthernthepollutionproblemoftheshipindustryinsoutherntheroleofshipindustryinsouthernCalifornia’sTheauthormentionstheportsofLosAngelesandLongBeachtojustify theyarethelargestintheU.theycreatenewjobshipindustryislessglamorousthanmakingshipindustryplaysasignificantroleinsouthernCalifornia’sWecaninferfromthepassage TheshipindustrythereisasdirtyasotherPeoplelivingneartheseportssuffertheThepollutedairintheregionmayresultinbothasthmaandsmallerAccordingtothepassage,themostambitiousefforttocontrol hasalmostnothingtodowiththecouldhavenegativeimpactsuponthelocalmaydependonindependentwillupgradeallthetruckstoreduceAccordingtotheauthor,thereformsbringaboutathreattotheport’scompetitivenessin thetruckers’unionizationwouldraisethecostofthetruckersworkingatthedocksareprice-environmentalgroupsarenotenthusiasticabouttheItcouldbequitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroads inghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatnicestmen emonstersbehindthewheel.Itisadequate,again,tohaveatigerinthe,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butsadlynowadaysthewell-manneredmotoristisjustanexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora‘BeKindtoOtherDrivers’n,otherwiseitmaygetcompleyoutofhand.Roadpolitenessisnotjustgoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathof ingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.ThesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareAveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunay,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycaused therhythmofmodernthebehavioroftheThesentence“Youmighttoleratetherudeand...therule.”(Para.1)implies.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredrudedriverscanbemetonlynowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofBy“goodsense”(Para.2),thewriter thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactthedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandseverethedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagethedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandExpertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownership roadusersshoulddemandmoredriversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachdriversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongdriverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoWhatcanbeinferredfromthisStricttrafficregulationsarebadlyDriversshouldapplyroadpolitenessRudedriversshouldbeDriversshouldavoidtrafficThepercentageofimmigrantsintheU.S.,includingthoseunlawfullypresent,hasbeencreeupwardforyears.At12.5percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemidWearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortof ers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.WhilechildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetterintermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents,UCLAsociologistEdward leshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,lsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymay emired(陷入inaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto(降入)segregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateishighestforanyethnicgroupintheWehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown.Butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthentrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionsaboutwithintheseshores.Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithunedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonly ersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.HowdidtheU.S.CongressinearlydaysviewTheywereofinferiorTheywereasourceofpoliticalTheywereathreattothenation’sTheywerepartofthenation’sWhatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewTheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheTheycandojustaswellastheirTheywillbeverydisappointedonthenewTheymayfindithardtofitintotheWhatdoes TheymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtoTheywilldobetterintermsofeducationalTheymayforeverremainpoorandWhatshouldbedonetohelpthenewRidthemoftheirinferiorityUrgethemtoadoptAmericanPreventthemfrombeingAccordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigration howtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withouthowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericanhowtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingthehowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheLiteracymaybeunderattackfromelectronicmedia,butthat’sactuallynothingnew.Infact,theassaultonthewrittenwordbegannotwiththeMacintoshcomputerin1984,butwithSamuelMorse’sdemonstrationoftheegraphin1844—aninnovationacolleagueonTheEconomistinsists,quitecorrectly,oncallingthe“Victorianinternet”.InanessayonwhyJohnnyandJaneycan’tread(andwhyMr.andMs.Smithcan’tteach),MarkFedermanoftheMcLuhanProgrammeinCultureandTechnologyattheUniversityofToronto,arguedthattheegraphwasthefirstto“undo”theeffectsofthewrittenword.Iftheegraphwasthestartingpoint,MrFedermanreckonsweareprobablyhalfwaythrougha300-yeartransitionoutoftheworldofmassliteracy.ThatworldbeganwhenJohannesGutenbergintroducedtheprintingpressin1455,andgavebirthalongthewaytotheReformation,theAgeofReason,theEnlightenment,theScientificMethod,andfinallytheIndustrialRevolution—nottomentionthemoderneraofnewspapers,universaleducationand,yes,massliteracy.Whatlittleweknowisthatoursourcesoftrustedwisdomareerodingfast.Whenacademicspaytohavetheirfindingspublished,inventresultsorignore ingdatatokeepasponsor’smoneyflowing,it’shardtoviewourlearnedinstitutionsassourcesofreliableNowadays,weseemtoputgreaterfaithinthewisdomofcrowds.Henceourtrustof,whichranksawebpagebyhowmanyotherpagesarelinkedtoit,andhowmanyothersearchersviewthepageinquestion.Inngso,weprizetheconfidenceofourpeersabovethatofexperts.InMr.Federman’sviewthequest(追求fortruthhasgivenwaytothequestforsenseoftheworldasexperienced.Foranyoneundertheageof20,theworldbeingexperiencedisonewheretheinternethasalwaysexisted,andwhereeveryonewhomattersisonlyaclick,speeddialortextmessageaway.“Tomorrow’sadults,”saysMr.Federman,“l(fā)iveinaworldofconnectivityandcloseness.”Theirdirectexperienceoftheworldiswhollydifferentfromyoursormine.So,nosurprisethatwhenweencageteenagersoftodayintraditionalclassroomsettings,theyreactwithpredictabledisinterestandflunktheirliteracytests.Theyareskilledinmakingsensenotofabodyofknowncontent,butofcontextsthatarecontinuallychanging.Teachersmustrecognizethatoureducationaltoolsareinconsistentwiththeskillsneededtosurviveinaworldwherepeoplearealwaysconnectedtoeveryoneandeverything.Insuchaworld,learningtothinkforoneselfcouldwellbemoreimportantthansimplylearningtoreadandwrite.ThechallengeforwrittenstartedwithelectronicwasrelatedtothewastracedbacktotheoriginatedfromFromparagraph3,massliteracy A.aproductoftheprintingB.aresultoftheC.acauseforwidespreadD.atransitionfromegraphNowadaysthesourceofinformationdependson AccordingtoMr.Federman,thefutureworldischaracterizedby A.unavoidableconnectingexperiencemessagetruthTheauthorseemstobelieve A.teenagersareentitledtorespondtotheworldintheirway.B.readingandwritingshouldgiveintothewayofthinking.C.educationaltechniquescanofferstudentssurvivalskills.D.teachersshouldbeawareoftheforever-changingworld.PartDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEERT.(10points)acknowledgingtheuseofanother’sideas.IntheEnglish-speakingworld,theterm()isusedtolabelthepracticeofnotgivingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.oftheideas,ortheexpressionofideasofanother.”Thepenaltiesforvaryfromsituationtosituation.Inmanyuniversities,thepunishmentmayrangefromfailureinaparticularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.Intheliteraryworld,wherewritersareprotectedfrombyinternationalcopyrightlaws,thewriters,throughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthesocialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarytogivescrupulousattentiontoationoftheirsources.self-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasandbygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords,otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.ThereareatleastthreeTheyarebyaccident,byignorance,andbyintention.rememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhavereaditlongago,hearditinalecturesincehavedifficultyindecidingwhethertheideaissuchcommonknowledgethatnoreferencetothearechallenged.notonlysteal