自考高級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)Lesson-11

Lesson11

OngettingofftosleepByJ.B.PriestleyBackgroundKnowledgeJ.B.Priestley,Britishnovelist,playwright,andessayist,notedforhisvariedoutputandhisabilityforshrewdcharacterization,whowroteprolificallyinfiction,drama,biography,theessayandliteraryandsocialcriticism.Mostofhisearlybookswerepoetry,literarybiographyandliterarycriticism.HisfirstbookwasBriefDiversions.MainideaofthetextThislessonisonsleeplessness.Adultswithoutexceptionsufferfromsleeplessness.Itiswell-knownthatsleepisvitaltoone'smentalandphysicalhealth.Sleepandsleeplessnessarenotmedicallyandscientificallydwelton.Instead,sleeplessnessisusedasanexampletoillustratethecontrarinessofthingsandthecontradictionsamanisconfrontedwith.Accordingtotheauthor,amanisabundleofcontradictionsandonlyhumouristhesavinggraceofus.Thosewhofallasleepassoonastheygetintobedaresatirizedinahumoroustone.Inhisopinion,thosewhoareequippedwithanironwilllackhumanfeelings.Hepointsoutthatthereisnolackofhumanfeelings,sympathyordepthinamanwhohasdifficultyinfallingasleep.Theauthorthinkshebelongstothelatter.Whatabundleofcontradictionsisaman!Surely,humoristhesavinggraceofus,forwithoutitweshoulddieofvexation.Contradiction:u.矛盾，對(duì)立c.對(duì)立的事物--Ifoundnocontradictionbetweenhispubliclyexpressedideasandhisprivateactions.--Hisprivateactionsareincontradictionto/withhispubliclyexpressedideas.--Aroundsquareisacontradiction

interms用詞矛盾.Asavinggraceisagoodqualityorfeatureinapersonorthingthatpreventsthemfrombeingcompletelybadorworthless.可取之處例：Aging'sonesavinggraceisyouworrylessaboutwhatpeoplethink.年邁的一個(gè)可取之處是你不那么擔(dān)心他人的想法了。Vexationisafeelingofbeingannoyed,puzzled,andfrustrated.惱火例：Hekickedthebrokenmachineinvexation.他懊惱得踢了這臺(tái)壞機(jī)器一腳。人真是充滿矛盾啊!毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，幽默是惟一幫助我們擺脫矛盾的辦法，要是沒(méi)有它，我們就會(huì)死于煩惱。

Istareatthereproachfullyblankpaperuntilsightsandsoundsbecomedimandconfused,anditisonlybyaneffortofwillthatIcancontinueatall.

Dim:notbright,notclearlytobeseen不亮的dimlightofacandle微弱的燭光adimroom光線不好的房間thedimoutlineofabuilding房屋的模糊輪廓我瞪著那似乎在譴責(zé)我的白紙，直到眼前一片模糊，聲音也難以辨清，只有靠意志力才能勉強(qiáng)堅(jiān)持。proceedWorkisproceedingslowly.工作正在慢慢地繼續(xù)進(jìn)行著。Ifyouproceed

todosomething,youdoit,oftenafterdoingsomethingelsefirst.(做完某事之后)接著(做另一事)例：Heproceededtotellmeofmybirth.他接著給我講了我的出生。Ifyouproceedwithacourseofaction,youcontinuewithit.繼續(xù)進(jìn)行(某行動(dòng))例：Thegroupproceededwithamarchtheyknewwouldleadtobloodshed.這群人繼續(xù)進(jìn)行他們知道會(huì)導(dǎo)致流血事件的一次游行。(某事件或活動(dòng)帶來(lái)的)收入例：Theproceedsoftheconcertwenttocharity.音樂(lè)會(huì)的收入給了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。

imperishable

adj.不會(huì)腐爛的，不壞的;不滅的，不朽的；永恒的，永存的反義：perishableadj.易腐壞的；易毀滅的；會(huì)枯萎的n.容易腐壞的東西詞根：perishv.死亡；毀滅；腐爛；枯萎Icaneasilyproducehalfadozenimperishablemasterpieces,ifonlyIhadpens,inksandpaper.除了筆、墨和紙，什么也不能阻止我寫(xiě)出半打不朽的杰作。

Ifitbetruethatourthoughtsandmentalimagesareperfectlytangiblethings,likeourbooksandpictures,totheinhabitantsofthenextworld,thenIammakingformyselfabetterreputationtherethanIaminthisplace.Makefor:導(dǎo)致；有助于；走向Herosefromhisseatandmadeforthedoor.他起身向門(mén)口走去。Ahappyparentmakesforahappychild.幸福的家長(zhǎng)造就幸福的孩子。如果，我們的思想和主觀意象對(duì)于來(lái)世的人來(lái)說(shuō)真的就像我們的書(shū)本和圖片一樣是有形的、摸得著的，那么我在來(lái)世會(huì)比在今生獲得更高的聲譽(yù)。Onceinbed,whenitistimetoclosethefiveportsofknowledge,mostfolksIknowseemtofindnodifficultyinplungingtheirearthlypartsintooblivion.Plunge:使投入,使插入,使陷入plungeacountryintowar使一個(gè)國(guó)家陷入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)odeepsorrow.nodifficultyinplungingtheirearthlypartsintooblivionNodifficultyinforgettingtheirfunctionsintheworldNodifficultyinfallingsleepOblivion

n.被(公眾)忘卻的狀態(tài)，湮沒(méi),漠視;無(wú)意識(shí)的狀態(tài);被徹底摧毀;赦免，大赦Hejustdrankhimselfjoviallyintooblivion.他一味痛飲直到自己神志不清。Itseemsthattheso-callednewtheoryislikelytosinkintooblivion.那所謂的新理論似乎可能被淡忘。Anentirepoorsectionoftownwasbombedintooblivion.城鎮(zhèn)的整個(gè)貧民區(qū)被徹底炸毀了。adj.oblivious遺忘的；健忘的；不注意的；不知道的一旦到了上床睡覺(jué)時(shí)間，五個(gè)攝取知識(shí)的港口就要關(guān)閉的時(shí)候，我認(rèn)識(shí)的大多數(shù)人似乎都能很容易就忘卻了他們?cè)趬m世的作用，很快進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)，而我卻不能。

Iusedtoread,withwonder,thosesycophanticstoriesofthewarlikesupermen,thegreattroublersoftheworld'speace,Cromwell,Napoleon,andthelike,who,thankstotheir"ironwills",couldliedownandplungethemselvesimmediatelyintodeepsleep,towakeup,refreshed,atagiventime.

我曾詫異地讀過(guò)一些大肆吹捧那些好戰(zhàn)的超人、世界和平的巨大威脅者，諸如克倫威爾、拿破侖之類(lèi)的文章，文章里說(shuō)他們“鋼鐵般的意志”使他們一躺下就能熟睡，并在某一特定時(shí)間醒來(lái)，精神抖擻Refresh:(以食物,睡眠等)使精力(記憶)恢復(fù);使精神振作

IthinkIwilljustrefreshmyselfwithacupoftea.喝杯茶提神refreshsb.‘smemory喚起/恢復(fù)某人的記憶

refreshoneself可以提神；清醒頭腦refreshrate刷新率Given:約定的；特定的；指定的Doitwithinthegiventime.Atagiventimewewillallshout“Happybirthdaytoyou”.Given:假設(shè)的，假使的

Givengoodweather,ourshipwillreachShanghaiMondayevening.假如天氣好，我們的船將于星期一晚上到達(dá)上海。GiventhatIhavefivemoreminutes,Iwillfinishtheexam.takesth.toheart

為某事耿耿于懷,為某事憂慮Don'ttakeittoheart.別把它放在心上。Don'ttakemycriticismtoheart.不要把我的批評(píng)放在心上Torment,abuseTorment：n.痛苦v.Causeseveresufferingto;annoy折磨

suffertorment(s)from因...而受苦Shesufferedtormentfromheadache.Don’ttormentyourselfbythinkingofthepast.Abuse:treatbadly;ill-treat濫用,虐待,辱罵

abuseone'sprivilegeabuseachildabuseafriend

remonstrate:

v.makeaprotest抗議Weremonstrateagainsthiscrueltytooldpeople.我們抗議他虐待老人。Remonstrance:test抗議Thepeoplewhomakeremonstranceagainstwerearrested.抗議政府的人被逮捕了。Ironwillsapart,theremustbealackofhumansympathyordepthinamanwhocanthusthrowoff,withhisclothes,hiswakingfeelingsandthoughts,andignorecompletelythosememoriesandfancieswhich

...willsometimesleap,

Fromhiding-placestenyearsdeep.

拋開(kāi)鋼鐵般意志不談，那種把他清醒時(shí)的感覺(jué)及思想隨同衣服拋在一邊，并完全無(wú)視那些有時(shí)會(huì)從十年前隱藏的記憶中跳出來(lái)回憶和幻想的人，一定缺乏人類(lèi)的同情心和造詣深度。Leap:leapt或leaped,leaping

跳躍，跳越Thedogleaptoverthefence.狗跳過(guò)了圍欄。Leap:閃過(guò)；突然想起

Theidealeapedintohismind.這個(gè)想法突然閃過(guò)他的腦海。Thosememoriesandfancieswhichhadbeenburieddeepinone’smindfortenyearswillsometimescropup突然出現(xiàn)

.Eventful:多事(故)的,重要的,重大的aneventfulyear多事之秋,多事的一年aneventfulmeetingbetweenheadsofstates兩國(guó)首腦間的重要會(huì)晤

Thereisnocomparingnoteswiththem.Youcannotexchangeideaswiththem.

comparenoteswith1.(與…)商量，(同…)交換意見(jiàn)；討論2.(和…)對(duì)筆記Ialsoneedoneortwoeveningstocomparenoteswithmyhomecompanyonwhatwehavediscussedduringtheday.我還需要一、兩個(gè)晚上，跟我公司就我們白天的洽談情況交換一下意見(jiàn)。Nocastingupthebalanceoftheday’spleasureandpainCastup:計(jì)算，把…加起來(lái)Notabletocalculatewhetheryouhavemorepleasurethanpainorhavemorepainthanpleasureinaday’slife.

induce,temptInduce:bringabout,cause招致,引起illnessinducedbyoverworkToomuchfoodinducessleepiness.Induce:persuadeorinfluencesb.todosth.bringabout引誘；誘導(dǎo),勸誘

Wecouldn’tinducetheoldladytotravelbyair.Nothingshallinducemetojointheirclub.Tempt:persuadesbtodosthwrongorfoolish誘惑,引誘,慫恿--Hewastemptedintoalifeofcrimebygreedandlaziness.legionn.眾多的士兵;大軍；軍團(tuán);大量；大批；眾多;[常作L-](半)軍事性單位、協(xié)會(huì)(或團(tuán)體)legionsofwritersadj.大量的；大批的；眾多的Themedicalusesofherbsarelegion.草本植物的醫(yī)藥效用數(shù)不勝數(shù)。adj.legionary軍隊(duì)的；很多的；古羅馬軍團(tuán)的

malice

n.惡意；怨恨；預(yù)謀Therewasastrongcurrentofmaliceinmanyofhisportraits.他的許多肖像畫(huà)中都透出強(qiáng)烈的惡意。adj.malicious惡意的；惡毒的；蓄意的；懷恨的malignant[醫(yī)]惡性的；有害的；有惡意的malevolent惡毒的；有惡意的；壞心腸的n.malignancy惡性（腫瘤等）；惡意malevolence惡意，怨恨；狠毒maliciousness惡意Serveone’sturn適用Thisjobwillservemyturn.這項(xiàng)工作將適合我的需要。Ithinkthisbookwillservemyturn.我想這本書(shū)將適合我的需要。Shecaughtholdofittoserveherownturn.她抓住這一點(diǎn)為自己服務(wù)。imaginaryimaginativeimaginable意思都含“想象的”。imaginary指“想象的”、“虛構(gòu)的”,如:Althoughthemaincharactersinthenovelaresotruetolife,theyareimaginary.imaginative指“富于想象力的”,如:Scottwasanimaginativewriter.imaginable

指“可想象的”,常放在名詞后面,前加all,only,every或最高級(jí)形容詞,如:Thisistheonlysolutionimaginable.

我在想像中牧羊，一直想到它們不知怎地都變成了白熊和藍(lán)豬。我倒想看看哪個(gè)有理智的人能在趕著一群天藍(lán)色的豬的時(shí)候進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)。

availn.[一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中]效用；(有效的)幫助；利益，好處;[復(fù)數(shù)](遺產(chǎn)或拍賣(mài)之后，扣除傭金、債務(wù)等后的)余額noavail沒(méi)有效果的；沒(méi)有作用的Hiseffortsweretonoavail.他的努力是徒勞的。vt.有益于，有助于，有利于，有用于，使有利：Alloureffortsavaileduslittleintryingtoeffectachange.在企圖實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)變革中我們徒勞無(wú)功。vi.有益,有用,有幫助(against,to)：Nothingcouldavailagainsttheenemyattack.沒(méi)有什么可以擋得住敵人的進(jìn)攻。adj.available有效的，可得的；可利用的；空閑的n.availability可用性；有效性；實(shí)用性oflittle/noavail:notvery/notatallhelpfuloreffective

沒(méi)有多大/沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)兒幫助,用處或效果Theadvicewegotwasofnoavail.Theireffortswereofnoavail.Avail：v.有用,有利Deft:skilfulandquick,熟練的,靈巧的Sheisdeftatdealingwithreporters.fare:geton,progress進(jìn)展,過(guò)日子Howdidyoufarewhileyouwereabroad?Fare:moneycharged車(chē)費(fèi)Abus/taxifareAsingle/doublefareFare:food食物Wholesomefood衛(wèi)生食品meditate:

v.thinkabout,consider沉思，考慮Hesattheremeditatinghisplan.他坐在那兒思考著他的計(jì)劃。Hemeditatedonthesacredmysteries.他沉思冥想眾神的神秘。

Meditateon/upon:thinkdeeply深思,沉思,冥想

Hesattheremeditatingonhismisfortunes.meditation:n.meditating沉思，考慮ShehasbeendeepinmeditationwhenIwalkedintotheoffice.我走進(jìn)辦公室時(shí)，她陷入了沉思。IhaveliterallyfounditanswerAnswer:Answermyneedtosleep.Ihavefoundthismethodactuallyworked.Literal:correspondinglyexacttotheoriginal按照原文的

aliteraltranslationIdiomsusuallycannotbetranslatedliterallyintoanotherlanguage.成語(yǔ)通常不能照字面譯成另一種文字.Bareof:emptyof/without空的Theroomisbareoffurniture.空無(wú)家具的房間.Inwinterthefieldsarebareofgrass.Bare:withoutclothing裸露的BarelegBare:withouttheusualcoveringandprotection缺少遮蓋的Barehill,floorcrookedadj.彎曲的;歪斜的;畸形的，變了形的;不誠(chéng)實(shí)的；不正當(dāng)?shù)?(手杖)彎柄的；有鉤的Pollygaveheracrookedgrin.波莉給了她歪斜著嘴的一笑。詞根：crookn.crook騙子，壞蛋；彎處，彎曲部分；鉤狀物vi.crook彎曲，成鉤形vt.crook使彎曲；欺騙，詐騙evoke[i'v?uk]引(喚)起,召喚(死者靈魂等evokeaspiritfromthedead為死者招魂Thebookevokedmemoriesofhisboyhood.此書(shū)喚起了他對(duì)童年的回憶。crushing

adj.1.壓碎的；砸碎的2.壓倒的；使人受不了的；決定性的Ofit,atleast,Iamcertain,andhowcanIdenythisforcecrushingme?至少，我相信歷史是可靠的。我怎么能敢否認(rèn)這種壓倒我的力量呢？詞根：crushn.crush粉碎；迷戀；壓榨；擁擠的人群Shehadacrushonyou,youknow.你知道吧，她曾暗戀過(guò)你。crusher打擊；[食品]壓碎機(jī)；壓碎的東西；鎮(zhèn)服人的事實(shí)v.crush擠；被壓碎歷年試題分析1.(2001,10)Onceinbed,mostfolksIknowseemtofindnodifficultyinplungingtheirearthlypartsinto___.Oblivion[?'blivi?n]n.遺忘,忘卻2.(2003,10)Ifitbetruethatoutthoughtsandmentalimagesareperfectly___things,likeourbooksandpictures,totheinhabitantsofthenextworld,…Tangiblen.有形資產(chǎn)a.實(shí)體的,明白的Discussingthequestion,sometime7,withanoldfriend,shegavemehernever-failing8forsleeplessness,whichwastoimagine9performingsometrivial10overandoveragain,until,hermindbecomingdisgustedwiththemonotonyoflife,11drewthecurtain.Herfavouritedevicewastoimagineapicturenot12quiteplumbuponthewall,andthentoproceedtostraightenit.（200701）54.Thepoor,sickmanis______bythepoliceman’sendlessinterrogations.（200710）A.abused B.tormented77.在我看來(lái)，沒(méi)有比睡眠問(wèn)題更能說(shuō)明事物的對(duì)立性了。（200810）Withme,nothingillustratesthecontrarinessofthingsbetterthanthematterofsleep.42.Althoughthemaincharactersinthenovelaresotruetolife,theyare______.（201001）

A.imaginary B.imaginative40.Shehasborna______againstmeeversinceIturneddownherapplication.（0710)A.grudge B.maliceB.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese1.人是很多矛盾的集合體.2.我們的思想和頭腦中的意象完全是有形的東西.3.過(guò)去我常常帶著驚嘆閱讀那些吹捧好戰(zhàn)的超人的故事.4.人為的催眠方法很多，但他們僅在都不靈這一點(diǎn)上相同。B.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese5.當(dāng)她的腦子對(duì)這種單調(diào)的生活感到厭煩時(shí),睡眠就會(huì)拉上帷幕.6.她最喜歡的方法就是想象墻上有一幅沒(méi)掛好的畫(huà),然后去扶正它.7.但我仍沒(méi)有放棄找到某種快速入睡方法的希望.8.今夜,我將不再做諸如數(shù)跳羊和掛正歪畫(huà)的那些毫無(wú)價(jià)值的想象.F.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglishSomepeoplefallasleepassoonastheirheadstouchthepillows,whilesomeotherpeoplecannotfallasleepalthoughtheyhavebeenlyinginbedseveralhours.Themorehewantstosleep,theharderhefallsasleep/themorewakefulheis.Ibelongtothelatter.WhenIwriteanarticle,Ifeelanoverpoweringdesireforsleep.WhenIgotobed,Icandoanythingbutsleep.F.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglishIcancomposegreatsymphonies,paintmagnificentpictures,andwriteverygoodessays.Theartificialwaysofinducingsleeparelegion/alot,buttheyareallineffective.WhenIcannotfallasleepatnight,Iimagineadialoguewithafriend/haveadialoguewithaimaginaryfriendtillIeitherlaughorfallasleep.Ifindthisisagoodwayoffallingasleep.詞語(yǔ)辨析(Wordanalysis)1.contrariness,contradictioncontrariness:形容詞contrary的名詞形式，用作不可數(shù)名詞。contradiction:directoppositionbetweenthingscompared（不可數(shù)名詞）矛盾，對(duì)立;astatement,action,orfactthatcontradicts（可數(shù)名詞）對(duì)立的事物Thereisnocontradictionbetweenmybehaviorandmyprinciples.我的行為和我的原則不矛盾。That’saflatcontradictionofwhatyousaidbefore.這可和你以前說(shuō)得恰恰相反。2.dark,dimdark:withnoorverylittlelight黑暗的It’sgettingtoodarktotakephotographs.天色太暗，不能照相。dim:notbright,notclearlytobeseen不亮的，朦朧的Wecanonlyseethedimoutlineofbuildingsondarknight.在黑夜里我們只能看到建筑物朦朧的