漢語與飲食文化(四)

TherelationshipBetweenChineseandFoodCulture

漢語與飲食文化之間的關系飲食文化漢語影響吃的味道與漢語吃的過程方式與漢語吃的工具與漢語吃的對象與漢語目錄吃的味道與漢語TheTasteofEatingandChinese

soursweetbitterspicy/hotsaltyfragrantstinking顏有七色，食有七味

酸甜苦辣咸香臭漢語里常用吃的味道來比喻復雜的人生感受“酸”生理部位微痛：腰酸sorenessofwaist腳酸

footache

情感悲痛：辛酸sadandmiserable

氣質迂腐：寒酸(ofapoorscholarintheolddays)miserableandshabby;scrubby

酸秀才PriggishPedant“甜”聲音美：甜美的樂曲sweetmelody相貌美：這女孩長得真甜

Thisgirlissosweet.言辭美好：甜言蜜語sugared/honeyedwordscoaxwithdelusivepromises“苦”磨難、不幸：sufferings,misfortune辛勞(misery):故農(nóng)之用力最苦，而贏利少，不如商賈技巧之人Farmerssufferredthemostbitterwork,whilegotlessprofitthanmerchants'

困苦、痛苦(hardship

)：上不厭其樂，下不堪其苦Whiletheamusementsarenotyetsatisfyingtothesuperiors,thehardshipalreadybecomesunbearableforthesubjects.“辣”性格火爆：潑辣1.（兇悍而不講理）rudeandunreasonable

2.（文章有力）pungent;forceful

有魄力

boldandvigorous王熙鳳‘鳳辣子’

狠毒、厲害（vicious,cruel）：

怎么便下得這等狠心辣手?(cruelandmerciless)

這件事真辣手。（troublesome）“香”“臭”受重視、受青睞（getmuchattention,popular）如：吃香beingooddemand/beverypopular

憎惡、討厭(detest,hate,disgust)

如：臭架子putonfrills臭名遠揚Notorious味道生理感覺心理感知心理評價客觀世界語言輸出→→→↑↓↓味覺通感(GustatorySynaesthesia)吃的方式過程與漢語TheProcessofEatingand

Chinese

饞垂涎品嘗啃嚼

撐

飽吞gluttonouscovetgnawtastesavoursawallowfullstuffchew嘴饞、垂涎美色、淺嘗輒止、啃書本、咬文嚼字、吞并、飽學之士、吃飽了撐的食熟忌生：欠火候，夾生飯吃的工具與漢語EatingToolsandChinese主要通過借代和借喻(Synecdoche&Metonymy)

鍋盤碟筷瓶灶

吃大鍋飯、背黑鍋、開小灶、打翻了五味瓶、吃著碟望著盤碗鐵飯碗、金飯碗飯碗保不住了端人碗，服人管job=吃的對象與漢語EatingObjectsand

Chinese杏核眼，櫻桃小嘴，瓜子臉，脛如嫩藕，乳似饅頭，指纖若蔥，口若含貝，一笑兩酒窩。貶義：奶油面孔、桔子皮臉、西葫蘆腦袋、豆腐心、

巧克力牙、蒜頭鼻子形容人又高又瘦：像顆豆芽菜

又矮又胖：三塊豆腐高喻老人：姜還是老的辣喻女人：老牛吃嫩草、癩蛤蟆想吃天鵝肉、強扭的瓜不甜、