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閱讀理解解題技巧之StrategiesforQuestionsofDetails細(xì)節(jié)理解題.主旨大意作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度細(xì)節(jié)理解猜測(cè)詞義推理判斷20141111252013319252012211313項(xiàng)目數(shù)量年份Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.26.Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen______.
A.theyoffertheirhelpB.theyreceiveothers’helpC.theyfeelothers’kindnessD.theyshowtheirweaknessA2011年廣東
迅速定位:在題干找定位詞1解題思路:如何迅速地找答案?1.定位信息點(diǎn)--通過(guò)尋讀法,用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞(包括專(zhuān)有名詞、數(shù)詞、實(shí)體名詞、形容詞、副詞,以及這些詞的同義詞)在文中搜索,迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點(diǎn)所在的位置,縮小閱讀范圍。注意:文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的專(zhuān)有名詞是全文描述對(duì)象的中心,沒(méi)有唯一出處,所以不能算是定位詞。
2.排除字眼相同或相近但意思相悖的選項(xiàng),正確選項(xiàng)與原文意思相同但表達(dá)不同。
Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon’tgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe’rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat’sinthem.Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause________.A.hehasasoftheartB.hereliesmuchonothersC.somepeoplepretendtobekind.D.somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers鞏固練習(xí)1D2011年廣東Eventually,however,Iwonthesupportofmyfamily,andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportfortheduty.Inhisapplicationforthevolunteerjob,theauthor_________.A.participatedinmanydiscussionsB.wentthroughchallengingsurvivaltestsC.wrotequiteafewpapersonvoluntaryworkD.facedstrongcompetitionfromothercandidates鞏固練習(xí)2survivaltests生存測(cè)試2014年廣東DWhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother’sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.
Whywastheauthor’smotherpoorlyserved?
A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.
B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood.
C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.
D.Shewasnotverypolite.
2010年廣東A迅速定位:找題干定位詞2解題思路:題干設(shè)計(jì)有時(shí)候會(huì)避開(kāi)原文中所用的詞匯,而用其同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或同根詞設(shè)題。做這類(lèi)題目時(shí),考生需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理,然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別,這是介于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型,對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)有一定難度。Butthekeyissueisreallymoney.Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion.
Accordingtothepassage,
thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplanis________.
A.technicalissuesB.safetyofthesystem
C.financialproblemsD.maintenanceofrailwaytracks
鞏固練習(xí)2010年江蘇CFoodsometimesgetspoisonedwithkindsofharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.迅速定位:2.找選項(xiàng)中的定位詞BJaekwon’snewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor(半導(dǎo)體).Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶格結(jié)構(gòu))ofthesolidsemiconductor,”Kwonsaid.“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery_____.
A.usesasolidsemiconductor
B.willsoonreplacethepresentones
C.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltestC數(shù)字計(jì)算題解題思路:數(shù)字計(jì)算題也是近幾年高考中常考的內(nèi)容,解答此類(lèi)試題的方法是先來(lái)理解文章的大意,然后經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算等就能夠得出正確的答案。Morepersonalizedwildlifeviewinglimitedto130peopleprovidingcloserviewingofthepenguinarrivalthanthemainviewingstands.Adult$25.00Child$12.50Howmuchwouldacouplewithonechildpayforacloserviewingtour?A$37.50.B.$62.50.C.$25.00.D.$12.50.B2014高三模擬HowNat’sTwitterFeederWorks:Whenamessageissentto@feedtobyitisreceivedbyamini-computerthatislinkedtothefoodmachine.Whenthemini-computerreceivesthemessage,abellringsandTobycomesrunningoverandsitsinfrontofthefeedingmachine.Nextthemachine’smotorpullsopenatrapdoorwhichreleasesaservingoffood.ThedoggybiscuitsthendropsintoToby'sfoodbowl.FinallyadigitalcameratakesaphotoofhimandsendsitbacktoNatonTwitter-soheknowsTobyhasbeenfed.34.WhichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofhowtheTwitterFeederworks?a.Thebellgoesoff.b.Amessageissentto@feedtoby.c.Themini-computergetsthemessage.d.ThedigitalcameratakesaphotoofTobyandsendsittoNat.e.Themotorstartstoworkandopensthedoortoreleasedogfood.A.a,b,c,e,dB.b,c,e,a,dC.b,c,a,e,dD.c,b,a,d,eC四、排序題排列順序題解題思路:做這種題時(shí)可采用“首尾定位法”,即最先找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件,迅速縮小選擇范圍,從而快速選出正確答案。In1905,AlbertEinsteinpublishedsomeimportantpapersinaGermanscientificmagazine.Theyincludedoneofthemostimportantscientificdocumentsinhistory.Itexplainedwhatcametobecalledhis“SpecialTheoryofRelativity”.Tenyearslater,heexpandedittoa“GeneralTheoryofRelativity”.In1921,hewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.Itwasgiventohimnotforhistheoriesofrelativity,butforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect.AlbertEinsteinleftGermanyin1933.hemovedtotheUnitedStatestocontinuehisresearch.EinsteinbecameacitizenoftheUnitedStatesin1940.What’stherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutAlbertEinstein?aHebecameacitizenoftheUnitedStatesbHewontheNobelPrizeinPhysicscHePutforwardhis“GeneralTheoryofRelativity”.dHeleftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesAd,b,c,aBd,a,c,bCb,c,d,aDc,b,d,aD鞏固練習(xí)綜合檢測(cè)【2010全國(guó)II】A篇
WhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”,MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.41.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?
A.Lookatthemsadly.B.Keepthemcompany.
C.Playgameswiththem.D.Touchthemgently.
B小結(jié):
細(xì)節(jié)理解解題方法
三大法寶:順序原則、定位詞、排除法
1.把握解題的順序原則。一般來(lái)說(shuō)隱含題目答案的位置與題目的順序是一致的,這能幫助我們縮小尋找范圍,大大提高效率。
2.通過(guò)定位詞尋找出題點(diǎn)
通過(guò)定位詞解題,就是說(shuō)我們?cè)陂喿x題干的時(shí)候迅速的把題干中有標(biāo)記意義的詞或詞組劃記出來(lái),然后用這個(gè)詞回到原文當(dāng)中定位。
3.排除法
(1)正確選項(xiàng)的特征
正確選項(xiàng)雖然一般不是原文照搬,但是一般是原文的改寫(xiě),意思不變。如換一個(gè)同義詞,把否定改為肯定,把肯定改為否定等。a.張冠李戴:把A事物的特點(diǎn)說(shuō)成是B事物的,企圖混淆視聽(tīng)。b.斷章取義:抓住一個(gè)字眼或細(xì)節(jié)做文章,對(duì)作者本意歪曲的理解。
c.過(guò)度猜測(cè):文中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)和選項(xiàng)一致的直接信息,選項(xiàng)對(duì)文意進(jìn)行了不切實(shí)際的過(guò)度猜測(cè)。AtraincrashhappenedlateSaturdaywhentrainD301hitTrainD3115nearWenzhouinJiangsuProvince,leavingatleast39peopledeadand192othersinjured.Q:Howmanypersonsweredeadandinjuredintheaccident?A.Atleast39B.192C.About231D.About153綜合檢測(cè)1CButDavid’sbiggestheadacheiswhattodowithhismoney.Eventhoughheearnsalot,hecannotdriveacar,takeoutamortgage,orgetcreditcards.DavidgothisjobwiththeLiverpool-basecompanyfourmonthsago,ayearafterleavingschoolwithsixO-levelsandworkingforatimeinacomputershop.“IgotthejobbecausethepeoplewhorunthefirmknewIhadalreadywrittensomeprograms,”hesaid.Davidspendssomeofhismoneyonrecordsandclothes,andgiveshismother50poundsaweek.Butmostofhissparetimeisspentworking.Q:WhywasDavidabletogetthejobinthecompany?A.Hehaddonewellinallhisexams.B.hehadwrittensomecomputerprograms.C.Hewasgoodatplayingcomputergames.D.Hehadlearnttousecomputersatschool.綜合檢測(cè)2B
JudyForemanspottedthesamephraseonawarehousewallfarawayfromhome.Whenitstayedonhermindfordays,shegaveupanddroveallthewaybacktocopyitdown.“Ithoughtitwasbeautiful,”shesaid,explainingwhyshe’dtakentowritingitatthebottomofallherletters,“l(fā)ikeamessagefromabove.”32.JudyForemancopieddownthephrasebecauseshe______..A.thoughtitwasbeautifullywrittenB.wantedtoknowwhatitreallymeantC.decidedtowriteitonawarehousewallD.wantedherhusbandtoputitupintheclassroomA2014年高考Oneofhismostfamouscontributions,theHippocraticOath,isthefoundationofcontemporarymedicalethics(道德).Amongotherthings,itrequiresaphysiciantoswearthatheorshewillhelpthesick,keeponeselffromintentionalwrong-doingorharm,andkeepsecretallmatterstokeepthedoctor-patientrelationship.34.AllofthefollowingareincludedintheHippocraticOathEXCEPT________.A.helpingpatientsB.keepingoneselffromharmingpatientsC.keepingsecretallmatterstomaintainagoodrelationshipwiththepatientsD.obeyingrulesformodernmedicinepracticeD無(wú)中生有ABCThebabywasinareceivingblanketwithhisheadcoveredfor
theshorttripthroughthecoldair-conditionedcorridor.Thebabywas
placedinhismother'sarms,whoeasedtheblanketbacksothatshecould
lookatherchildforthefirsttime.Shetookonelookatherbaby'sfaceandlookedtoherhusbandandgasped,
“Oh,Honey!Look!Hehasyourears!”38.Whatistrueaboutthebaby’smother?A.Sheblamedherhusbandforthebaby’sbigears.B.Shewasthefirsttodiscoverthebaby’slargeears.C.Shesuggestedhavinganoperationonthebabyimmediately.D.Shefoundsomethingsimilarbetweenthebabyanditsfather.D無(wú)中生有無(wú)中生有2012茂名二模無(wú)中生有Thefutureseemedterribleandmanywerewonderingiftheywouldmakeitthroughthestorm.Andthen,Isuddenlysawagirltowhomthestormmeantnothing.Shejustsatonherseatandwasreadingabook.Everythingwithinhersmallworldwascalmandorderly.Sometimessheclosedhereyes,thenshewouldreadagain;thenshewouldstraightenherlegs,butworryandfearwerenotinherworld.29.Whichistherightorderofthedescriptionaboutthegirlwhenotherswerescaredhalftodeath?
a.Sheclosedhereyes.
b.Shestraightenedherlegs.
c.Shewentonreading.
d.Shesatonherseatreading.
A.d-a-c-bB.d-c-a-b
C.a(chǎn)-d-b-cD.a(chǎn)-b-c-dA
2014深圳一模1.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidents,murderandwar.Today'sleadingkillers,suchasheartdiseases,cancer,andagingitself,willbecomedistantmemory.Accordingtothepassage,humandeathisnowmainlycausedby____.A.diseasesandagingB.a(chǎn)ccidentsandwarC.a(chǎn)ccidentsandagingD.heartdiseaseandwarA3.Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom,afour-year-oldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination.26.WhatdoweknowaboutTom?A.HewasseriouslyillB.Hewasadishonestboy.C.HewascrazyaboutmagicD.HewasDr.Epstein'spatientA2013年高考4.HisdogTobygetssomedeliciousdogbiscuitsfromacomputer-controlledfoodmachinewheneverNatsendsamessageto“@feedtoby”.Natoftenworksawayfromhomeandisn’talwaysabletofeedTobybyhand.ButhisnewinventionallowsNattofeedhisdogfromanywhereintheworld.(2014廣州一模)31.Nathasinventedahigh-techwaytofeedhisdogbecausehe__________.A.wantshisfriendstofeedTodyB.hasverystrongcomputingskillsC.isoftentoobusytofeedhisdogD.doesn’tliketofeedTodybyhandC(2014廣州一模)5.Inthestudy,
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