高中英語人教版1Greatscientists 單元綜合測評

單元綜合測評(一)(時(shí)間：100分鐘；滿分：120分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共10小題；每小題分，滿分25分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAnewstudyhasclaimedthatmenreallyaremoreintelligentthanstudyconcludedthatmen'sIQsarealmostfourpointshigherthanwomen's.British-bornresearcherJohnPhilippeRustonsaysthefindingcouldexplainwhysofewwomenmakeittothetopintheworkplace.Heclaimsthe“glassceiling”phenomenonisprobablyduetoinferior(較差的)intelligence，ratherthandiscriminationorlackofopportunity.TheUniversityofWesternOntariopsychologist(心理學(xué)家)reachedhisconclusionafterscrutinizingtheresultsofuniversityteststakenby100，000studentsaged17and18ofbothsexes.Afocusonthefactorssuchastheabilitytoquicklygraspofacomplexconcept，verbalreasoningskillsandcreativity－someofthekeyfactorsofintelligence－showedthatthemaleteenagershadIQsthatwereanaverageofpointsaveragepersonhasanIQofaround100.Thefindings，whichheldtrueforallclassesandlevelsofparentaleducation，overturn(推翻)a100-yearconclusionthatmenandwomenaveragethesameingeneralmentalalsoconflictwithevidencethatgirlsdobetterinschoolexamsthanboys.ButProfessorRustonarguesthatthefastermaturingofgirlsleadstothemperformingbetterthanboysintheclassroom.【語篇解讀】最新科研成果表明，男性比女性智商高。1．Thereportismainlyabout．A．a(chǎn)studythatshowsmenareclevererthanwomenB．the“glassceiling”phenomenonC．ProfessorRuston'stheoryofIQD．thedifferencebetweenthemaleandfemale【解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段第一句話即點(diǎn)明中心，介紹一項(xiàng)研究成果——男性比女性智商高。【答案】A2．Theunderlinedword“scrutinizing”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans．A．makingup B．carryingoutC．examiningcarefully D．lookingat【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，得出結(jié)論應(yīng)該是在“仔細(xì)研究”試驗(yàn)結(jié)果之后。【答案】C3．WecaninferthattheaveragewomanhasanIQof．A．a(chǎn)littlelessthan100 B．100C．morethan100 D．【解析】推理判斷題。文章第五段提到男性的平均智商比女性高，而人的平均智商約為100。那么可推斷出，女性的平均智商應(yīng)略低于100?！敬鸢浮緼BYawningissocontagious(具有傳染性的)thatchimpanzeescan“catch”itfromcartoons，accordingtoresearch.ScientistsfromEmoryUniversityinAtlanta，theUS，havediscoveredthatacartoonofayawningchimpwillstimulate(刺激)realchimpstodescribeintheRoyalSocietyjournal，ProceedingsB，howthiscouldassistinthefuturestudyofempathy(同感，共鳴)．Theworkcouldalsohelpexplainitandhowcomputergamesmightcausechildrentoimitatewhattheyseeonscreen.Previousstudieshavealreadyshown，contagiousyawninginchimpanzees-stimulatedbyvideo-recordedfootageofyawns.“Wewantedtoexpandonthat，”explainedMatthewCampbell，aresearcherfromEmoryUniversity'sYerkesNationalPrimateResearchCenterandleadauthorofthestudy.“We'reinterestedinusingcartoonsforpresentingstimulitoanimals，becausewecancontrolallthefeaturesofwhatweshowthem，”hecontinued.AlthoughDrCampbelldoesn'tthinkthechimpswere“fooled”bythecartoonsintothinkingtheywerelookingatrealchimps，heexplainedthattherewasevidencethatchimpanzees“processanimated(動畫的)facesthesamewaytheyprocessphotographsoffaces”．Hesaid，“It'snotarealchimpanzee，butthiskindoflookslikeachimpanzee，andtheyrespondtothat.”Heandhisteam，includingDevynCarterwhodesignedthecartoons，showedtheanimalstheyawningsequences.“Wealsohadthecartoonsdoingothermovementswiththeirmouthsthatthechimpsoftendo，”hesaid.“Thechimpsshowedalotmoreyawningduringtheyawnvideowhenthecontrolvideoswereplaying.”HetoldBBCNewsthattheonlywayheandhiscolleaguescouldexplainthe“verystrongdifference”theysawwasthatseeingtheyawnsmadetheanimalsyawn.【語篇解讀】研究表明，黑猩猩會模仿動畫片中黑猩猩的打哈欠動作，如果能充分利用黑猩猩的這種模仿能力，人類對動物行為的控制將取得重大突破。4．Accordingtothepassage，thescientistshavefoundthat．A．yawningisacontagiousfacialexpressionamongchimpsB．chimpswillimitateacartoonchimpwhoisyawningC．chimpsareabletounderstandcartoonsverywellD．chimpslikewatchingcartoonsverymuch【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知黑猩猩看到動畫片中打哈欠的黑猩猩時(shí)，會進(jìn)行模仿?！敬鸢浮緽5．Accordingtothepassage，wecanlearnthat．A．yawningonbothcartoonvideosandpicturescanmakechimpsyawnB．DevynCarterledthestudyaboutcontagiousyawningC．childrenwillalsobestimulatedtoyawnbythevideosofchimpsD．peoplecancontrolallthefeaturesofanimalsthroughcartoons【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段后半部分中的內(nèi)容可知無論是動畫片中還是圖片中的打哈欠動作都可以讓黑猩猩打哈欠?！敬鸢浮緼6．Bystudyingtheactionofchimps，thescientistshopeto．A．teachthemmorebodylanguageofhumanbeingsB．learnhowchimpsusetheirbrainstostudyC．controltheactionsandbehaviorsofanimalsD．createmorecharmingcartooncharacters【解析】推理判斷題。黑猩猩看到動畫片中打哈欠的黑猩猩后會進(jìn)行模仿，第四段的后半部分提到科學(xué)家可以控制所有的播放內(nèi)容，由此可推斷科學(xué)家希望通過研究黑猩猩的模仿行為來控制動物的行為和舉止?！敬鸢浮緾7．Thepassageismainlytalkingabout．A．a(chǎn)seriousresearchaboutchimps'bodylanguageB．thosecontagiousgesturesofanimalsC．whychildrenimitatewhattheyseeonTVD．a(chǎn)studyaboutchimps'abilityofimitating【解析】主旨大意題。本文是一篇研究報(bào)道，第一段是文章的中心段，根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容可知文章是關(guān)于黑猩猩模仿能力的一項(xiàng)研究。【答案】DCBillGates，thebillionaireMicrosoftchairmanwithoutasingleuniversitydegree，isbyhissuccessraisingnewdoubtsabouttheworthofthebusinessworld'sfavoriteacademictitle：theMBA(MasterofBusinessAdministration)．TheMBA，a20thcenturyproduct，alwayshasbornethemarkoflowlycommerceandgreedonthetree-linedcampusesruledbypurerdisciplinessuchasphilosophyandliterature.Butevenwiththerecessionapparentlycuttingdownthehiringofbusinessschoolgraduates，about79，000peoplewereexpectedtoreceiveMBAsinwasnearly16timesthenumberofbusinessgraduatesin1960.“Ifyouaregoingintothecorporateworld，itisstilladisadvantagenottohaveone，”saidDonaldMorrison，professorofmarketingandmanagementscience.“Butinthelastfiveyearsorso，whensomeonesays，‘ShouldIattempttogetanMBA？’，theansweris‘Itdepends.’”ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs，suchasthelateSamWaltonofWal-MartStoresInc.，hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebatesonbusinessschoolcampusesovertheworthofabusinessdegreeandwhethermanagementskillscanbetaught.HarvardBusinessReviewprintedalively，fictionalexchangeofletterstodramatizecomplaintsaboutbusinessdegreearticlecalledMBAhires“extremelydisappointing”andsaid“MBAswanttomoveuptoofast；theydon'tunderstandpoliticsandpeople，andtheyaren'tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdbythen，they'reoutlookingforotherjobs.”Theproblem，mostparticipantsinthedebateacknowledge，isthattheMBAhasacquiredanaura(氣氛)offuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.BusinesspeoplewhohavehiredorworkedwithMBAssaythosewiththedegreesoftenknowhowtoanalyzesystemsbutarenotsoskillfulatmotivatingpeople.【語篇解讀】工商管理碩士學(xué)位是否值得擁有？本文主要以世界商業(yè)巨頭比爾·蓋茨和很多成功人士都沒有這一學(xué)位為例，對此提出質(zhì)疑。8．ItseemsthattheargumentoverthevalueofMBAdegreesisfueledmainlyby．A．thecomplaintsfrommanyemployersB．thesuccessofmanynon-MBAsC．thecriticismfromthescientistsofpurerdisciplinesD．thepoorperformanceofMBAsatwork【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“ThesuccessofBillGatesandothernon-MBAs，suchasthelate...hashelpedinspireself-consciousdebates”可知B項(xiàng)正確?！敬鸢浮緽9．WhatisthemajorweaknessofMBAholdersaccordingtotheHarvardBusinessReview?A．Theyareusuallyself-centered.B．Theyareaggressiveandgreedy.C．Theykeepcomplainingabouttheirjobs.D．Theyarenotgoodatdealingwithpoliticsandpeople.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句中的“MBAswanttomoveuptoofast，theydon'tunderstandpoliticsandpeople，andtheyaren'tabletofunctionaspartofateamuntiltheirthirdyear.”可知，他們不理解政治和人際交往，不能處理好團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作，故D項(xiàng)正確。【答案】D10．FromthepassageweknowthatmostMBAs.A．canclimbthecorporateladderfairlyquicklyB．quittheirjobsoncetheyarefamiliarwiththeirworkmatesC．receivesalariesthatdonotmatchtheirprofessionaltrainingD．cherishunrealisticexpectationsabouttheirfuture【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“...theMBAhasacquiredanaura(氣氛)offuturerichesandpowerfarbeyonditsactualimportanceandusefulness.”可知D項(xiàng)正確?！敬鸢浮緿Ⅱ.閱讀填句(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Childreninkindergartenshavealotofchancestointeract(互動)withotherchildrenattheiryourchildisnotinit，itcanbefunandhelpfultocreatechancestoplaywitharesomethingsyoucandotosupportyourchild'searlypartnerrelationship.Scheduleregularplaymates.Startwhenyourchildisaroundoneyearofage，setasideafewtimesaweekforplaytimewithpartners.11Evenso，youstillmightwanttogiveyourbabyachanceobserveandinteractwithchildrenwhoareatthesamedevelopmentallevel.Joinaplaygroup.12Thiscanbeagreatwayforyourchildtointeractwithherpartners，andlearntofeelcomfortableinanewanaddedbenefit，whileyourchildplays，youcantalkwithotherparentswhohavechildrenthesameageasyourown.13Youcanorganizeaplaygroundinyourownmayinvolvejustoneotherchild，orasmanyasthreeorfour.14Remember：safetyfirst.Offerguidancewhenneeded.Ifyouseeachildplayinginawaythatmighthurtanother，certainlyyouneedtohelpherfindasaferwaytohavefun.15Butrememberthatsomechildrenneedtowatchforawhilebeforetheyfeelcomfortablejoiningin－encourageeveryonetojointhefun，butdon'tpush.A．Makeyourhomesafeforplay.B．Makesurethereisanopenclassroomyoucanuse.C．You'llneedasafespacethathasbeencarefullychildproofed.D．Itisalsonecessarytohelpachildwhodoesnotknowhowtogetstarted.E．Manycommunitieshaveorganizedplaygroupsforyoungchildren.F．Itisenoughtohaveafewinterestingandsafetoystohelpeveryonefeelcomfortable.G．Ifyouhaveolderchildren，ofcourse，theywilldoalotofplayingwithyouryoungerones.【答案】11～15GEACDⅢ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Myearsarerecentlyfullofjoyousremarksfrommyfriendssuchas，“Oh，Beckhamissohandsome，socool，thatIcan'thelpfallinginlovewithhim！”or“whatperfectskillshehas！”Yeah，Iagree16somedegree，thoughIsometimesdowanttoaskthemhowmuchthey17Beckham，apartfromhisappearanceandhowmuchtheyknowaboutfootball18scoringseemsfunnythatwearecrazyforthings，withwhichweareunfamiliaror19weareuncertain，butweall，myfriends20I，considerthis21．Weneedthesepleasurestobrightenupourthatdoesn'tamounttocraziness22nonsense(胡鬧)．Asanoldsaying23：“Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.”Weshouldnot24anythingfromitsshouldallknow，itisone'sgoodcharacterandgreatcontributionthat25oneastarandwe'dbettersay26aboutBeckham'sgoodlooks.Ifwecloseoureyes，27indeepthought，wecanfindthatthethings28ustobeintruthhappy，sadormoved29aclearwedon'tgodeeperandjustsatisfiedwithsuperficial(表面的)things，30wewillfindthatwehavenotreallygainedanything31ourfirstimpressionhasblindedandmisledus，andwe'llremainignorant(愚昧無知的)32werealizethatandmakesomechanges.Itisbelievedthatthinkingandgoingdeeperthanbeforeissignofgreat33．Ifonedaywearewillingtogodeeperintoeverything，nomatterhowmuchit34us，wewillfinallyprovehowmuchwehavegrownup，howmuchmoresensible(明智的)，mature，andintelligentwehave35．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇具有一定哲理和教育意義的、夾敘夾議的議論文。16． B．onC．in D．a(chǎn)t【解析】介詞的固定搭配，“在某種程度上”。【答案】A17．from B．learnC．know D．knowabout【解析】knowabout“了解”從下文中也能找到相同的短語。【答案】D18．than B．exceptforC．except D．a(chǎn)partfrom【解析】apartfrom“除……外，還有……”，具有“附加性質(zhì)”。其他選項(xiàng)具有“排他性質(zhì)”。從上文中也能找到相同的短語?！敬鸢浮緿19．which B．a(chǎn)boutthatC．a(chǎn)boutwhich D．which【解析】此題為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句，about與beuncertain搭配?！敬鸢浮緾20． B．a(chǎn)swellasC．ratherthan D．but【解析】從上文中的weall判斷，“不僅僅是我，還有我的朋友”。【答案】B21．oflife'spleasures B．pleasuresoflifeC．oneoflife'ssorrow D．oneoflife'sregrets【解析】從結(jié)構(gòu)上判斷，此句含有賓語和賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語為this，后用單數(shù)。從下文的意義上判斷，為“生活中的樂趣之一”?！敬鸢浮緼22． B．a(chǎn)ndC．or D．orelse【解析】否定句中用or連接?！安灰_(dá)到瘋狂和胡鬧的程度”?！敬鸢浮緾23． B．talksC．tells D．goes【解析】“正如俗語所說的”，此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“說”之意，然而它們都有自己的搭配，“說語言，演講”；“交談”；“告訴”；如用says是正確的，此題中的goes與says同義?！敬鸢浮緿24． B．judgeC．a(chǎn)ccept D．conclude【解析】judge...by...或judge...from...“根據(jù)……判斷”，從上句中能找到相同的意義?！敬鸢浮緽25． B．causesC．builds D．creates【解析】“是一個(gè)人好的品德和貢獻(xiàn)才使其成為明星”。make之后接復(fù)合賓語?！敬鸢浮緼26． B．muchC．worse D．less【解析】從上下文意義上判斷，“在外貌上要少說”?！敬鸢浮緿27.A．fell B．fallenC．falling D．fall【解析】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上分析，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語?！敬鸢浮緾28．move B．thatmovesC．move D．moves【解析】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上分析，此處為定語從句，that代替先行詞things，所以謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，that不能省略。【答案】A29． B．haveC．include D．cover【解析】此句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，主語是前面的thethings，此題要填謂語動詞，由于主語和謂語之間有一個(gè)定語從句，造成了句子的復(fù)雜性，意義為“……有明確的意義”?！敬鸢浮緽30．fact B．indeedC．inawhile D．soonerorlater【解析】從意義上判斷，“如果我們不注重內(nèi)含，滿足表面的東西，遲早會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們將一無所獲”?！敬鸢浮緿31． B．eventhoughC．because D．a(chǎn)lthough【解析】從句子的連接上分析有“因果”關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮緾32．if B．a(chǎn)lthoughC．unless D．if【解析】從意義上判斷，“除非我們意識到這點(diǎn)并做某些改變，否則的話……”?！敬鸢浮緾33． B．progressC．effort D．work【解析】從意義上判斷，“更注重內(nèi)涵是一個(gè)人進(jìn)步(成熟)的象征”?！敬鸢浮緽34． B．painsC．worries D．minds【解析】pains在此為及物動詞，意為“費(fèi)(苦)心”，這種意義與上下文是相通的?！敬鸢浮緽35． B．madeC．had D．become【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，應(yīng)該用系動詞。【答案】DⅣ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2023·全國卷Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)36.(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven37.mostmodernofarchitectsandadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir38.(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout39.(use)electricmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat40.(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingtheanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough41.(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；42.thesametime，theywarmupagainforthecycle43.(go)dayafterday：Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutside44.(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly45.thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了美國西南部的普韋布洛印第安人修建的土坯房，這些房子白天吸收熱量，晚上釋放熱量，從而使得房間內(nèi)的溫度適宜。這些房子讓現(xiàn)在的建筑師和工程師都贊嘆不已。36．built考查過去分詞用法。由謂語動詞areadmired可知此處填非謂語動詞，adobedwellings與build是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞短語作后置定語。37．the考查冠詞用法。根據(jù)句意可知此處為形容詞最高級，故應(yīng)該在most前加the。38．a(chǎn)bility考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變?yōu)槊~?？崭袂暗膖heir是形容詞性物主代詞，其后應(yīng)該接名詞。39．using考查動名詞用法。由空格前的介詞without可知空格處應(yīng)該使用動名詞形式。40．slowly考查副詞用法。根據(jù)空格前的giveoutthatheat可知，這里應(yīng)使用副詞修飾動詞短語，指緩慢地(slowly)釋放白天吸收的熱量。41．tocool考查動詞不定式用法。be＋adj.＋enough＋todosth.是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“足夠……，能夠做某事”。結(jié)合空格前的coldenough可知后面應(yīng)使用動詞不定式。42．a(chǎn)t考查介詞用法。atthesametime意為“同時(shí)”，是一個(gè)固定詞組。43．goes考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處指前面提到的循環(huán)不斷地持續(xù)下去。這種情況是客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。44．natural考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。結(jié)合空格后的architects可知應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞，因此填natural。45．how考查連詞用法及理解語境的能力?？崭窈竺娴膖hick是一個(gè)形容詞，填how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句作figuredout的賓語。Ⅴ.完成句子(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)46．在秋天，北京既不太熱又不太冷。Inautumn，it'sneithertoohotnortoocoldinBeijing.47．天氣這么好，我們都想出去走走。Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogooutforawalk.48．除了幾個(gè)拼寫錯誤，作文相當(dāng)不錯。Apartfromsomespellingmistakes，thecompositionisfairlygood.49．你認(rèn)為他提出的建議如何？Whatdoyouthinkofthesuggestionhehasputforward?50．每看到這張照片，我都會想起我的童年。EverytimeIlookatthepicture，Ialwaysthinkofmychildhood.51．無論你怎樣讀這個(gè)句子，它還是講不通