自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯1

PART1ElectricalandElectronicEngineeringBasicsSection2TheOperationalAmplifierNewWordsandExpressions

LanguagepointsExercisesNewWordsandExpressionsamplifiern.放大器integratedcircuit集成電路buildingblocks積木potentialn.(電)勢(shì)cascaden.,v.串聯(lián)；adj.串聯(lián)的ontheorderof屬于同類的，約為tradeoff換取cumbersomeadj.麻煩的intrinsicadj.內(nèi)在的circuitryn.電路LanguagePoints[1]Oneproblemwithelectronicdevicescorrespondingtothegeneralizedamp-lifiersisthatthegains,AUorAI,dependuponinternalpropertiesofthetwo-portsystem(、、RI、Ro,etc).[2]Atthispointwewillmakenoattempttodescribetheseinnerworking.LanguagePoints[3]AtotallygeneralanalysisoftheOp-Ampisbeyondthescopeofsometexts.[4]Onlythreeconnectionsareshown:thepositiveandnegativeinputs,andtheoutput.NotshownareotherconnectionsnecessarytoruntheOp-Ampsuchasitsattachmentstopowersuppliesandtogroundpotential.LanguagePoints理想運(yùn)算放大器的符號(hào)如圖1-2A-1所示。圖中只給出三個(gè)管腳：正輸入、負(fù)輸入和輸出。讓運(yùn)算放大器正常運(yùn)行所必需的其它一些管腳，諸如電源管腳、接零管腳等并未畫(huà)出。圖1-2A-1運(yùn)算放大器LanguagePoints在實(shí)際電路中使用運(yùn)算放大器時(shí)，后者是必要的，但在本文中討論理想的運(yùn)算放大器的應(yīng)用時(shí)則不必考慮后者。兩個(gè)輸入電壓和輸出電壓用符號(hào)U、U和Uo表示。每一個(gè)電壓均指的是相對(duì)于接零管腳的電位。運(yùn)算放大器是差分裝置。差分的意思是：相對(duì)于接零管腳的輸出電壓可由下式表示(1-2A-1)式中A

是運(yùn)算放大器的增益，U

和U

是輸入電壓。換句話說(shuō)，輸出電壓是A乘以兩輸入間的電位差。LanguagePoints[5]Onekeytothesuccessofanoperatio-nalamplifieristhe“cascading”ofanum-beroftransistoramplifierstocreateaverylargetotalgain.Asecondimportantfactoristhatthesecircuitscanbebuiltinsuchawaythatthecurrentflowintoeachoftheinputsisverysmall.Athirdimportantdesignfeatureisthattheoutputresistanceoftheoperationalamplifier(R0)isverysmall.LanguagePoints[6]ThisisoneofthekeyfeaturesofOp-Ampdesign—theactionofthecircuitonsignalsdependsonlyupontheexternalelementswhichcanbeeasilyvariedbythedesignerandwhichdonotdependuponthedetailedcharacteroftheOp-Ampitself.LanguagePoints[7]AsimilarmathematicalanalysiscanbemadeonanyOp-Ampcircuit,butthisiscumbersomeandtherearesomeveryusefulshortcutsthatinvolveapplicationofthetowlawsofOp-Ampswhichwenowpresent.a.ThefirstlawstatesthatinnormalOp-Ampcircuitswemayassumethatthevoltagedifferencebetweentheinputterminalsiszero.LanguagePointsb.ThesecondlawstatesthatinnormalOp-Ampcircuitsbothoftheinputcurrentsmaybeassumedtobezero.ExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Allthesimplecircuitelementsthatwillbeconsideredintheworkthatfollowscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotherelationshipofthecurrentthroughtheelementtothevoltageacrosstheelement.Forinstance,ifthevoltageacrosstheelementisdirectlyproportionaltothecurrentthroughit,oru=ki,weshallcalltheelementaresistor.Othertypesofsimplecircuitelementshaveaterminalvoltagewhichisproportionaltothetimederivativeortheintegralwithrespecttotimeofthecurrent.ThereExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

arealsoelementsinwhichthevoltageiscompletelyindependentofthecurrentorthecurrentiscompletelyindependentofthevoltage;thesearetheindependentsources.Furthermore,weshallneedtodefinespecialkinds