2020高考英語山東卷及答案(含作文)

單位（學(xué)校）：作者（教師或?qū)W生）：電話QQ郵箱微信絕密★啟用并使用完畢前2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（山東卷）英語本試卷分第I卷和第II卷兩部分，共12頁，滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。注意事項(xiàng):答題前，考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號、考生號、縣區(qū)和科類填寫在答題卡和試卷規(guī)定的位置上。第I卷每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆在答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如需要改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。第II卷必須用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)的位置，不能寫在試卷上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案然后再寫上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、臍帶紙、修正帶。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。第I卷（共105分）第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?￡19.5B.￡9.15C.￡9.18答案是B。Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?Inabookstore.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inalibrary.Atwhattimewillthefilmbegin?7:20B.7:15C.7:00whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingaobut?TheirfriendJaneB.Aweekendtrip.C.Aradioprogramme.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?Catchatrain.B.SeethemanoffC.Goshopping.whydidthewomanapologize?ShemadealatedeliveryB.ShewenttothewrongplaceC.Shecouldn'ttakethecakeback第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話讀兩遍。聽下面一段材料，回答第6和第7兩個小題。WhoseCDisbroken?A.Kathy'sB.Mum'sC.Jack'sWhatdoestheboypromisetodoforthegirl?BuyheranewCD.B.Dosomecleaning.C.Givehere10dollars.聽一面一段對話，回答第8和第9兩個小題。Whatdidthemanthinkofthemeal?Justso-so.B.QuitesatisfactoryC.Abitdisappointing.whatwasthe15%onthebillpaidfor?Thefood.B.ThedrinksC.Theservice.聽一面一段對話，回答第10和第12三個小題。Whyisthemanattheshop?ToorderacameraforhiswifeB.TohaveacamerarepairedC.TogetacamerachangedWhatcolourdoesthemanwant?Pink.B.Black.C.Orange.Whatwillthemandoafterwards?.MakeaphonecallB.WaituntilfurthernoticeC.Comeagainthenextday.聽一面一段對話，回答第13和第16兩個小題。WhatwouldJoeprobablydoduringtheThanksgivingholiday?Gotoaplay.B.Stayathome.C.VisitKingston.WhatisArielgoingtodoinToronto?Attendaparty.B.Meetheraunt.C.Seeacarshow.WhyisArielinahurrytoleave?TocallupBettyB.TobuysomeDVDs.C.TopickupDanielWhatmightbetherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Classmates.B.FellowworkersC.Guideandtourist聽一面一段對話，回答第17至第20四個小題。WheredoesThomasManningwork?IntheGuinnessCompanyB.Ataradiostation.C.Inamuseum.Wheredidtheideaofabookofrecordscomefrom?abird-shootingtripB.AvisittoEuropeC.Atelevisiontalkshow.19.WhendidSirHugh'sfirstbookofrecordsappear?In1875B.In1950C.In195520.Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtotalkaboutnext?MorerecordsofunusualfactsB.ThefounderofthecompanyC.Theoldestpersonintheworld.第二部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分35分）第一節(jié)語法和詞匯知識運(yùn)用（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑21.Whenyouaredonewiththebook,justgiveittoLucyorHelenor.A.whoeverB.whereverC.whateverD.however22.—SorryI'mlate.Igotstuckintraffic.—.You'reherenow.Comeinandsitdown.A.YouarewelcomeB.That'srightC.IhavenoideaD.Nevermind23.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what24.Myfirstofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.A.expressionB.attentionC.satisfactionD.impression25.Itdoesn'tmatteryoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.whyGeorgereturnedafterthewar,onlythathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.toldHesmiledpolitelyMaryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.A.asB.ifC.unlessD.thoughAfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,heworkingonhisproject.A.hadstartedB.hasstartedC.startedD.startsBeingabletoafforddrinkwouldbecomfortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;不填D.不填；a30.Ifweadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.A.haven'tmadeB.wouldn'tmakeC.didn'tmakeD.hadn'tmade31.—Idon'tknowaboutyou,butI'msickandtiredofthisweather.—.Ican'tstandallthisrain.A.Idon'tcareB.It'shardtosayC.SoamIIhopesoAnumberofhighbuildingshavearisentherewasnothingayearagobutruins.

A.whenB.whereC.beforeD.untilBe—youcan'texpectmetofinishallthisworkinsolittletime.A.reasonableB.confidentC.creativeD.gratefulThemanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers.A.willleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.wereleavingAftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope.A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Wheneverwehearabout“thehomeless,”,mostofusthinkoftheDevelopingWorld.Butthe36isthathomelessnessiseverywhere.Forexample,howmanyofuswouldexpecttoseepeoplelivingonthestreetsofa37countrylikeGermany?KurtMullerandhiswifeRitahavespentelevenyearsmaking38forthehomelessofBerlin,Germany'scapital.Theyfirst39onelonghotsummerwhenmostGermanswere40onholiday.Kurtandhiswifestayedathome,madesandwiches,41atableinthestreetandgavefoodtothehomeless.TheMullerssoonrealizedthatfoodandclothingweren't42.“Whatthesepeoplealsoneediswarmthand43，”saysRita.TheMullersdidn't44togivetheirphonenumbertothestreetpeopleandtoldthemtophoneanytime.Rita45therewassomebodyathometoanswerthephoneandtheirhomewasalways46toanyonewhocouldn'tfaceanothernightonthestreet.Thecoupleweresoon47alltheirtimeandmoney,soKurtvisitedfoodandclothingcompaniesto4^donations.Today,overthirtycompanies49donatefoodandothergoodstothecauseandvolunteershelpto50themtothehomeless.Thepublicalsogiveclothesandmoneyandashoeproducer51newshoes.KurtandRitareceiveno52fortheirhardwork.“Wefeellikeparents,"saysRita,“andparentsshouldn't53moneyforhelpingtheirchildren.Thelovewegetonthestreetsisoursalary."ThoughRitaadmitssheoftengets54.shesaysshewillcontinuewithherworkbecauseshelikesthefeelingofhavingmadea55intheworld.A.resultB.truthC.reasonD.idea5.A.traditionalA.preparationsA.beganA.asleepA.broughtupA.enoughA.fameA.hesitateA.makesenseB.developingB.housesC.mealsB.metC.calledB.aloneC.acrossD.awayB.setupC.putasideC.typicalD.wealthy

D.suggestionsD.leftD.gaveawayB.necessaryC.helpfulD.expensiveB.freedomC.courageD.caringB.agreeC.pretendD.intendB.foundoutC.makesureD.workedoutA.openA.costingA.openA.costingA.payforA.completelyA.advertiseA.donatesA.permissionA.borrowA.surprisedA.profitcrowdedC.noisyD.nearwastingC.takingD.spendingaskforC.lookintoD.carryoutcalmlyC.regularlyD.roughlysellC.deliverD.lendproducesC.designsD.collectspaymentC.directionD.supportraiseC.saveD.expectexcitedC.tiredD.amuseddifferenceC.decisionD.rule第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thewhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten-yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate（磷酸鹽）ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip-mines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Stripminingtotallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.56.Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.TogiveawarningtoothercountriesToshowtheimportanceofmoneyTotellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A.RichandpowerfulB.ModernandopenPeacefulandattractiveD.GreedyandaggressiveTheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom.A.soilpollutionB.phosphateoverminingfarmingactivityD.whalehuntingWhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?A.ItsleadersmisusedthemoneyB.ItspenttoomuchrepairingtheislandItsphosphateminingcostmuchmoneyD.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.60.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruansThephosphateminesweredestroyedBOneofthegreatestcontributionstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations（引文）showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask.,soMurraryhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire,””50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years,hebecameoneofthestaff'smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897，MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabook-linedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum（精神病院）fortheCriminallyinsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.61.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary.A.cameoutbeforeminordiedwaseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerincludedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurraywasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionaryHowdidDr.Minorcontributedtothedictionary?A.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.HeprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotationshewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?A.HewasshutinanasylumB.HelivedfarfromOxfordHewasbusywritingabookD.HedislikedtravelingProf.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause.A.theybothservedintheCivilWar.TheyhadacommoninterestinwordsMinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayMurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinorWhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDr.Minor?A.BraveanddeterminedB.CautiousandfriendlyConsiderateandoptimisticD.UnusualandscholarlyWhatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinorMinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionaryBroadmoorAsylumandispatientsCSanFranciscohasitscablecars.SeattlehasitsSpaceNeedle.And,Longviewhasitssquirrelbridge.Thebridge,whichhasattractedinternationalattention,isnowalocallandmark.TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltin1963byalocalbuilder,AmosPeters,togivesquirrelsawaytocrossthebusyroadwithoutgettingflattenedbypassingcars.TheoriginalbridgewasbuiltoverOlympiaWayonthewestedgeofthelibrarygrounds.Beforethebridgewasbuilt,squirrelshadtoavoidtraffictoandfromtheParkPlazaofficebuildingwhereofficestaffputoutanuttyfeastforthesquirrels.Manytimes,PetersandotherswhoworkedinandnearParkPlazawitnessedsquirrelsbeingrunover.OnedayPetersfoundadeadsquirrelwithanutstillinitsmouth,andthatday'scoffeebreakdiscussionturnedintosquirrelsafety.ThegroupofbusinessmencookedupthesquirrelbridgeideaandformedacommitteetoasktheblessingoftheCityCounci市政會）.TheCouncilapproved,andCouncilwomanBessLaRivierenamedthebridge“NuttyNarrows.”Afterarchitectsdesignedthebridge,AmosPetersandBillHutchstartedConstruction,Theybuiltthe60-footbridgefromaluminumandlengthsoffirehose（消防水帶）.Itcost1,000.Itdidn'ttakelongbeforereportsofsquirrelsusingthebridgestarted.Squirrelswereevenseenguidingtheiryoungandteachingthemtheropes.Thestorywaspickedupbythemedia,andNuttyNarrowsbecameknowinnewspapersallovertheworld.In1983,after20yearsofuse,Peterstookdowntheworn-outbridge.Repairsweremadeandcrosspieceswerereplaced.ThefadedsignwasrepaintedandinJuly1983,hundredsofanimalloversattendedthecompletionceremonyofthenewbridge.Petersdiedin1984,andaten-footwoodensquirrelsculpturewasplacednearthebridgeinmemoryofitsbuilderandhisdevotiontotheproject.TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltinorderto.A.offersquirrelsaplacetoeatnutssetupalocallandmarkhelpimprovetrafficprotectsquirrelsWhathappenedoverthecoffeebreakdiscussion?A.ThecommitteegottheCouncil'sblessing.ThesquirrelbridgeideawasbornAcouncilwomannamedthebridgeAsquirrelwasfounddead.69.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“teachingthemtheropes”probablymeansinthetext?A.passingthemaropeB.DirectingthemtostorefoodforwinterTeachingthemalessonD.Showingthemhowtousethebridge.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthesquirrelbridge?A.Itwasreplacedbyalongerone.B.ItwasbuiltfromwoodandmetalitwasrebuiltafteryearsofuseD.ItwasdesignedbyBillHutch.WhatcanwelearnaboutAmosPeters?A.Heisrememberedforhisloveofanimals.Hedonated$1,000tobuildthebridgeHewasamemberoftheCityCouncilHewasawardedamedalforbuildingthebridge.DForthosewhoaretireddoingthelaundry,Samsunghasfoundananswer:awashingmachinethatcantellyouwhenyourlaundryisdoneviaasmartphoneapp(application).Strangethoughitmayseem—“mywifealreadydoesthat”wasacommonresponseamongattendeesviewingthedevicewhenitwasintroducedattheConsumerElectronicsShow(CES)thisweek—Samsungisjustoneofmanyappliancemakersracingtoinstall(安裝)alargenumberofinternet-connectedfeaturesinmachinesinanefforttomakethem“smart”.Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it'sW-Fii-enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownersisatworkoronthebus.Samsungsaysit'snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhencomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,”saidspokespersonAmySchmidt.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrate(電價)varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.WhatcanbeinferredfromthecommonresponseoftheattendeesattheCES?Themachinewillbeabigsuccess.theirwiveslikedoingthelaundry.Themachineisunrelatedtotheirlife.Thiskindoftechnologyisfamiliartothem.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?TheycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashingTheycanbecontrolledwithasmartphoneTheyaredifficulttooperateTheyaresoldatalowpriceWecanconcludeformSamsung'sstatementsthat.theappconnectionmakeslifeeasieritisbettertodryclothesinthemorningsmartphonecanshortenthedryingtimeweshouldrefreshclothesbackathomeWhatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.ThelaundryshouldbefrequentlycheckedB.LazypeoplelikeusingsuchmachinesGoodtechnologiesalsocauseproblemsTelevisionmayhelpdothelaundry.第II卷(共45分)第四部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)閱讀表達(dá)(共5小題，每小題3分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到答案卡相應(yīng)的位置上(請注意76至79四個小題后面的詞數(shù)要求)。[1]AshleyPower'smotherboughtacomputerforherwhenshewaseight.Whenshewasthirteen,shewassurfingtheInternetregularly,butshecouldn'tfindanywhereforteenagerstomeetandtalk.Andonedayshethought,“IfIhadmyownwebsite,I'dmakeitareallyinterestingsiteforteenagers.”So,whenAshleywassixteen,shelaunchedherownwebsite,calledGoosehead.Shehadnoideahowbigasuccessitwouldbe,butthreeyearslater,thesitewasthemostsuccessfulteensiteintheUSA!Itwasgetting100,000hitseveryday,andAshleyhadabout30employees.Afterafewyears,thewebsitecloseddown.ThenAshley,wholivesinLosAngeles,wasaskedtowriteabookcalledTheGooseheadGuidetoLife.Thebookisabouthowtodesignawebsiteandstartabusiness.Itbeginswithasectioncalled“AllAboutAshley,”whereAshleytellsreaderswhatitisliketobethebossofacompanywhenyouareonlysixteen.“Iwassohappy.Butitwascrazyinalotofways.Igotverystressed.Imean,Iwasonlysixteen—Ididn'tevenhaveacar!Ifyouweresixteenandyouhadyourowncompany,you'dbestressed,too！“InaninterviewAshleygaveadvicetoteenagerswhowantedtostarttheirownbusiness,“Justbestrongandhaveyourdreamsandworkhardatthem.Anddon'tlistenwhen,becauseIheard‘no'alot.Justkeepgoinguntilyouhear‘yes'!”ForwhatpurposedidAshleycreateGooseHead?(nomorethan10words)WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2？(nomorethan6words)Accordingtoparagraph3,whatdidAshleydoafterGooseHeadcloseddown?(nomorethan10words)HowdidAshleyfeelasayoungbossofacompany?(nomorethan5words)FillintheblankinParagraph4withproperwords.第二節(jié)寫作(滿分30分)假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，不久前在學(xué)校舉辦的英語競賽中獲得一等獎。校報請你寫一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介紹你課外學(xué)習(xí)英語的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。請根據(jù)以下提示用英語寫一篇短文：參加英語角的益處；堅持寫英語日記的作用；3.英文閱讀網(wǎng)站(EnjoyReading)對你的幫助。注意：1.詞數(shù)：120-150；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。英語試題參考答案第I卷第一、二、三部分1-5CABCA6-10CBBCC11-15ABBAC16-20BAACA21-25ADCDB26-30AACBD31-35CBADB36-40BDCAD41-45BADAC46-50ADBCC51-55ABDCB56-60BCBAA61-65DCABD66-70CDBDC71-75ADBAC第II卷第四部分參考答案76.Shewantedtocreateaninterestingwebsiteforteenagers.77.Ashley'sGooseHeadwasabigsuccess.78.ShewroteabookcalledTheGooseHeadGuidetoL.ife79.Shefelthappybutstressed.80.Peopletellyouthatyoucan'tdoit.第二節(jié)寫作MyexperienceoflearningEnglishafterclassI'mgladihavewonthefirstprizeintheEnglishContest,whichcompletelycontributestomyafter-classEnglishlearning.IoftentakepartintheEnglishCornerandpracticespeakingEnglish.TherearemanyparticipantsinthecornerandwecantalkaboutanytopicsinEnglish.Bydoingthis,Ihaveimprovedmypronunciationandintonation.Mostimportantofall,Ihaveconqueredmyshynessandtimidness.IcantalktoanybodyboldlyinEnglish.SoIdidn'tfeelnervousinthecontestatall.AtthesametimeIinsistonkeepingdiariesinEnglisheveryday.IwilltrymybesttobringwhatIhavelearnttouse.Thusmyknowledgehasbeenreviewedandenlarged.IalsovisitEnglishreadingwebsitestoreadmuch.LearningEnglishdependsonreadingwidelyandlargely.ThosesitesprovidemanyEnglisharticlesofalllevelsandIcanfindappropriateonestoread.Thedictionaryinthecomputercanhelpmedealwiththenewvocabularyquickly.ThereforeIbenefitmuchfromthereading.AbovearemythreemainlearningmethodsoflearningEnglishafterclass.Theyarehelpfulandconvenienttome.Ihopetheyarealsobeneficialforyou作文素材1.沒有競爭，就沒有生存，也就沒有發(fā)展。有競爭才有壓力和動力。競爭能讓人奮起直追，不斷超越自我。羚羊的故事一位動物學(xué)家在對生活在非洲奧蘭治河兩岸的動物進(jìn)行考察時，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個奇怪的現(xiàn)象：生活在河?xùn)|岸的羚羊與河西岸的羚羊相比，不僅繁殖能力強(qiáng)，而且奔跑的能力也強(qiáng)。這位動物學(xué)家百思不得其解。于是，他做了一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)：從河的兩岸各捉10只羚羊，彼此交換。一年后，送到西岸的羚羊繁殖到了14只，而送到東岸的羚羊僅剩下3只，其余的都成了狼的囊中物。動物學(xué)家揭開了謎底：東岸的羚羊之所以強(qiáng)健，是因?yàn)樗鼈兏浇钪蝗豪?。它們?yōu)榱嘶蠲仨毻沁M(jìn)行“競爭”，因此，它們越活越有戰(zhàn)斗力;而西岸的羚羊則相反，它們?nèi)鄙偬鞌常瑳]有生存能力，所以越活越弱小。2.虎與豹子之間的競爭是一種“叢林法則”。在競爭的作用下，美洲虎的非凡生命力、生存能力被激發(fā)，提高了自己生命力。生存的競爭是提升能力的主要外在條件，競爭與壓力是動物進(jìn)化的基礎(chǔ)。由于動物發(fā)展具有相對被動的特征，生存環(huán)境的競爭與壓力往往是促進(jìn)其發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素。競爭提高生命力美洲虎是一種瀕臨滅絕的動物，有一對美洲虎生活在秘魯?shù)膰覄游飯@。為了保護(hù)它，人們從大自然中單獨(dú)規(guī)劃出1500畝山地修了虎園，里面有山有水，房間里還裝有空調(diào)，還有成群的牛羊兔供老虎食用，真是虎的天堂。奇怪的是，沒有人見過老虎捕捉獵物，它只吃管理員送來的肉食，它經(jīng)常躺在裝有空調(diào)的房子里，吃了睡，睡了吃，身體發(fā)胖，經(jīng)常生病。后來一位市民說：“虎是森林之王，不能只放一群吃草的小動物，至少也得放一只豹子吧?”虎園領(lǐng)導(dǎo)覺得很有道理，就捉了三只豹子投進(jìn)虎園。這一招果然靈驗(yàn)，豹子不僅跟美洲虎爭搶食物，而且還經(jīng)常威脅到美洲虎的安全，美洲虎不再睡懶覺，時不時沖到豹子面前放肆地挑釁，沒多久美洲虎就恢復(fù)了活力，恢復(fù)了健康，還讓雌虎生下一只小虎崽。要想成就一番大的事業(yè)，就要具備“永遠(yuǎn)爭做第一”的競爭意識。這樣才能更好地激發(fā)自己斗志，攀上事業(yè)的頂峰。撒切爾夫人，永遠(yuǎn)爭做第一20世紀(jì)30年代，英國一個不出名的小鎮(zhèn)上，有一個叫瑪格麗特的小姑娘，自小就受到嚴(yán)格的家庭教育。父親對她的教育很嚴(yán)格，經(jīng)常向她灌輸這樣的觀點(diǎn)：無論做什么事情都要力爭一流，永遠(yuǎn)做在別人前面，而不落后于人。即使是坐公共汽車，也要永遠(yuǎn)坐在第一排。父親從來不允許她說“我不能”或“太難了”之類的話。父親的“殘酷”教育培養(yǎng)了瑪格麗特積極向上的決心和信心。在以后的學(xué)習(xí)、生活和工作中，她時時牢記父親的教導(dǎo)，總是抱著一往無前的精神和必勝的信念，盡自己最大努力克服一切困難，事事必爭一流，以自己的行動實(shí)踐著“永遠(yuǎn)坐在第一排”?，敻覃愄厣洗髮W(xué)時，學(xué)校要求學(xué)生們上5年的拉丁文課程，她憑著自己頑強(qiáng)的毅力和拼搏精神，硬是在一年內(nèi)全部學(xué)完了。瑪格麗特不光在學(xué)業(yè)上出類拔萃，她在體育、音樂、演講及學(xué)校的其他活動方面也都一直走在前列，是學(xué)生中的佼佼者之一。40年后，英國乃至整個歐洲政壇上出現(xiàn)了一顆耀眼的明星，她就是1979年成為英國第一位女首相、雄踞政壇長達(dá)11年之久、被世界政壇譽(yù)為“鐵娘子”的瑪格麗特?撒切爾夫人。只有不斷的競爭，才會有生機(jī)和活力，才能不斷地克服困難，一直向前?？蓸返陌倌甓髟拱偈驴蓸放c可口可樂都盯死了對方，只要對方一有新動作，另一方肯定也會有新花樣?？煽诳蓸吩缭?0世紀(jì)20年代便在古巴用飛機(jī)在空中噴出煙霧，畫出“COCA-COLA”字樣，可惜因?yàn)槿鄙俳?jīng)驗(yàn)而失敗，百事可樂在1940年更是一下租了8架飛機(jī)，飛了14.5萬公里，在東西兩海岸城市，以機(jī)尾噴霧，寫下百事可樂的廣告。可口可樂當(dāng)然要及時反擊，為強(qiáng)化國民第一飲料的形象，可口可樂贊助了1939年的紐約世界博覽會，并請名人啜飲，將其照片刊在雜志封面。但相比之下，百事可樂的宣傳廣告方式更有創(chuàng)意。他們專門設(shè)計了一套卡通片，而且還創(chuàng)作了一首看似極普通卻風(fēng)靡全美的廣告歌曲。兩大巨頭在競爭中可謂不遺余力，使出渾身解數(shù)來擊敗對手，但結(jié)果卻是二者都有了長足的發(fā)展。接受對手的存在并善待競爭對手，能夠促進(jìn)自身的發(fā)展。雙方都是贏家“神州”和“萬家樂”是旗鼓相當(dāng)?shù)膬杉掖笮蜔崴魃a(chǎn)廠家?！吧裰荨钡膹V告語為“款款神州，萬家追求”，而“萬家樂”的廣告語為“萬家樂崛起于神州”。他們各自的廣告語中都包含了對方的產(chǎn)品品牌。這樣雙方都能揚(yáng)名獲利。你把客戶送到我這里，我把客戶送到你那里。兩種熱水器迅速走進(jìn)千家萬戶，為兩家企業(yè)帶來豐厚利潤。他們在競爭中合作，實(shí)現(xiàn)了雙贏。競爭中需要合作。競爭本身并不是目的，而是達(dá)到更高目標(biāo)的手段。在競爭中合作應(yīng)體現(xiàn)“雙贏”原則。競爭對手不能相互排斥，造成兩敗敗俱傷，而要相互促進(jìn)、共同提高。情同手足的競爭對手劉國粱和孔令輝，既是實(shí)力相當(dāng)，又是的合作伙伴。他們師從同門，同時披上國字號戰(zhàn)袍。在那個鮮花遍開的五月，“六載朝思暮想，一夜春華秋實(shí)”，喜捧斯韋思林杯（男子團(tuán)體冠軍杯）后，兩個要好的朋友又一起打進(jìn)男子單打決賽?？墒牵?dāng)男子單打冠軍杯真的擺在面前時，這對好朋友突然意識到結(jié)局的殘酷：自己的勝利就意味著好友的失敗?？少F的是，在賽場上，他們完全展示出自己的智慧和才藝。劉國梁以奇制勝，孔令輝穩(wěn)中帶兇，激烈的比賽戰(zhàn)至決勝局。最終，左右開弓的孔令輝成為男單新科狀元。沒有想像中的欣喜若狂，我們看到的是異常平靜的孔令輝，還有他臉上那甚至有些不好意思的笑容。劉國梁的臉上曾掠過一絲失望，但畢竟是自己最好的朋友奪得了冠軍，他的祝賀是發(fā)自心底的。這場比賽讓兩個好朋友懂得了怎樣面對競爭與合作。在后來的比賽中，他們又?jǐn)y手奪得男子雙打冠軍。福特向通用百年祝福的那束燈光，穿透重重的黑暗，組成商業(yè)競爭中最溫馨的一幅畫面，溫暖且溫情。事實(shí)上，它更應(yīng)成為一種文化和精神的源泉，為那些有長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)的企業(yè)吸納和傳承。從福特“—束燈光”看企業(yè)競爭溫情2008年9月16日，“通用汽車百年慶典日慶?；顒印痹谕ㄓ闷嚾蚩偛俊滋芈晌乃噺?fù)興中心正式啟動。讓人訝異的是，同屬“百年俱樂部”的福特汽車，也為它的老朋友帶去了一份特殊的祝福：利用福特的辦公大樓以及樓內(nèi)的燈光，打造出了堆APPY100GM”的字樣。這份特殊的祝福，讓我們看到了百年福特的恢宏氣度，也讓我們看到了良性競爭的溫情。通用和福特是一對相互競爭也相互尊敬的對手。在通用公司開始起步的時候，早其5年成立的福特公司于1908年研發(fā)生產(chǎn)出第一輛屬于普通老百姓的T型車。而通用也不甘落后，于1928年一舉超越福特。一百年來，這兩個公司互相競爭、互相借鑒的過程，有力推動了世界汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展，同時也為人類文明和國際經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展做出了突出的貢獻(xiàn)。自然界具有它自己的弱肉強(qiáng)食的規(guī)律，競爭的市場也有其殘酷的競爭規(guī)律。我們要順應(yīng)規(guī)律，學(xué)會在競爭中發(fā)展自我。雛鷹的競爭每年春季，鷹都會產(chǎn)卵育子，一般一次生兩個蛋。雛鷹從破殼而出就開始了競爭，只要爸爸媽媽帶回食物，它們立刻張開嘴巴，大聲地叫喚，希望將食物塞進(jìn)自己的嘴里，而每次大鷹都會給頭仰得最高、叫聲最大的孩子喂食。但是，每次都是體格健壯、身體素質(zhì)好的幼鷹吃到食物，因?yàn)樗念^仰得更高。沒幾天，那只弱一點(diǎn)的幼鷹就會活活餓死。這就是大自然優(yōu)勝劣汰的法則。競爭力的提高在于政府、企業(yè)的共同努力，在于提高科技、知識的含量和資金的有效利用率。法國：打造“競爭力集群”為了增強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新能力、將科技成果更有效地轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力，從2005年起，法國政府斥資15億歐元在各地扶持了60多個不同產(chǎn)業(yè)的科技園區(qū)，也稱“競爭力集群”。如今，這種企業(yè)+實(shí)驗(yàn)室的模式，正在得到越來越多人的認(rèn)可，它不但提高了科技轉(zhuǎn)化的效率，節(jié)省了資金，還使得企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新的熱情空前高漲。法國的“競爭力集群”由多個層次組成，既包括實(shí)力雄厚的跨國企業(yè)，也有中小創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)、大學(xué)和科研機(jī)構(gòu)，各合作伙伴組成常務(wù)理事會，負(fù)責(zé)園區(qū)的管理工作，并代為向政府申請資金，統(tǒng)一調(diào)配資金的使用。沒有競爭，就沒有生存，也就沒有發(fā)展。其實(shí)人生到處都存在著競爭，球場、賽場、戰(zhàn)場、考場等。有競爭才有壓力和動力。競爭能讓人奮起直追，不斷超越自我。狼與羊的競爭一位動物學(xué)家在對生活在非洲奧蘭治河兩岸的動物進(jìn)行考察時，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個奇怪的現(xiàn)象：生活在河?xùn)|岸的羚羊與河西岸的羚羊相比，不僅繁殖能力強(qiáng)，而且奔跑的能力也強(qiáng)。這位動物學(xué)家百思不得其解。于是，他做了一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)：從河的兩岸各捉10只羚羊，彼此交換。一年后，送到西岸的羚羊繁殖到了14只，而送到東岸的羚羊僅剩下3只，其余的都成了狼的囊中物。動物學(xué)家揭開了謎底：東岸的羚羊之所以強(qiáng)健，是因?yàn)樗鼈兏浇钪蝗豪?。它們?yōu)榱嘶蠲?，必須同狼進(jìn)行“競爭”，因此，它們越活越有戰(zhàn)斗力;而西岸的羚羊則相反，它們?nèi)鄙偬鞌常瑳]有生存能力，所以越活越弱小。有人說：“哈佛，競爭殘酷的大學(xué)?！边@所高等商業(yè)學(xué)府不僅淘汰制度異常殘酷，而且連學(xué)習(xí)節(jié)奏也是很折磨人的。哈佛大學(xué)的競爭在哈佛大學(xué)，對高級管理人才的培養(yǎng)可謂精心之至。這所高等商業(yè)學(xué)府不僅淘汰制度異常殘酷，而且連學(xué)習(xí)節(jié)奏也是很折磨人的。如果一位才能平庸的人進(jìn)入了這所學(xué)府，同那些才華橫溢、刻苦頑強(qiáng)的人在一起學(xué)習(xí)，他就會感到力不從心。為了適應(yīng)這里的學(xué)習(xí)節(jié)奏，所有的人都必須以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)于這所著名的私立大學(xué)（這所大學(xué)的教育水平通常比國立學(xué)院要高得多），不惜任何代價在所有方面任何地方都爭當(dāng)?shù)谝幻?，“在運(yùn)動中當(dāng)?shù)谝?，在學(xué)習(xí)上爭第一，在社會政治生活中成為第一”，這就是哈佛大學(xué)的口號，只有第一名才無愧于生活，才有資格享受美好的生活。難怪有人說：“哈佛，競爭殘酷的大學(xué)。”幫助別人就是幫助自己。競爭也要遵守游戲規(guī)則，競爭也要考慮社會效益，唯有如此，競爭才更具意義。哈默的競爭原則某一年世界原油價格大漲，哈默的對手對東歐國家的石油輸出量都略有增加，唯獨(dú)哈默石油輸出量明顯減少，這讓許多人非常不解。黑人記者杰西克?庫思千方百計找到了哈默，就這個問題請教他。哈默說了一段讓他終生難忘的話：“關(guān)照別人就是關(guān)照自己。那些總想在競爭中出人頭地的人如果知道，關(guān)照別人需要的只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的理解和大度，卻能贏來意想不到的收獲，那他一定會后悔不迭。關(guān)照是一種